大学英语四级真题含答案1.docx

大学英语四级真题含答案1.docx

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大学英语四级真题含答案1

2012年12月大学英语四级真题

（1）

PartⅠWriting（30minutes）

注意：

此部分试题在答题卡1上，请在答题卡1上作答。

Direction:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionentitledEducationPaysbasedonthestatisticsprovidedinthechartbelow（Weeklyearningsof2010）.Pleasewriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

Education:

AWorthyInvestment

Weeklyearningsin2010（$）

Source:

U.S.BureauofLaborStatistics

EducationPays

PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswersheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

ShouldSugarBeRegulatedlikeAlcoholandTobacco?

Sugarposesenoughhealthrisksthatitshouldbeconsideredacontrolledsubstancejustlikealcoholandtobacco,argueateamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco（UCSF）.

Inanopinionpiececalled“TheToxic（毒性的）TruthAboutSugar”publishedFeb.1inNature,RobertLustig,LauraSchmidtandClaireBrindisarguethatit’swrongtoconsidersugarjust“emptycalories.”Theywrite:

“Thereisnothingemptyaboutthesecalories.Agrowingbodyofscientificevidenceisshowingthatfructose（果糖）cantriggerprocessesthatleadtolivertoxicityandahostofotherchronicdiseases.Alittleisnotaproblem,butalotkills—slowly.”

Almosteveryone’sheardof—orpersonallyexperienced—thewell-knownsugarhigh,soperhapsthecomparisonbetweensugarandalcoholortobaccoshouldn’tcomeasasurprise.Butit’sdoubtfulthatAmericanswilllookfavorablyuponregulatingtheirfavoritevice.We’reanationthat’ssweetonsugar:

theaverageU.S.adultdowns22teaspoonsofsugaraday,accordingtotheAmericanHeartAssociation,andsurveyshavefoundthatteensswallow34teaspoons.

Tocounterourconsumption,theauthorsadvocatetaxingsugaryfoodsandcontrollingsalestokidsunder17.Already,17%ofU.S.childrenandteensareobese（肥胖）,andacrosstheworldthesugarintake（摄入）hasincreasedthreetimesinthepast50years.Theincreasehashelpedcreateaglobalobesityplaguethatcontributesto35millionannualdeathsworldwidefromnoninfectiousdiseasesincludingcancer,heartdiseaseanddiabetes.LindaMatzigkeit,aseniorvicepresidentatChildren’sHealthcare,said“Wehavetodosomethingaboutthisorourcountryisindanger.It’snotgoodifyourstatehasthesecond-highestobesityrate.Obesechildrenturnintoobeseadults.”

“Therearegoodcaloriesandbadcalories,justastherearegoodfatsandbadfats,goodaminoacids（氨基酸）andbadaminoacids,”Lustig,directoroftheWeightAssessmentforTeenandChildHealthprogramatUCSF,saidinastatement.“Butsugaristoxicbeyonditscalories.”

Thefoodindustrytriestoimplythat“acalorieisacalorieisacalorie,”saysKellyBrownell,directoroftheRuddCenterforFoodPolicyandObesityatYaleUniversity.“Butthisandotherresearchsuggeststhereissomethingdifferentaboutsugar,”saysBrownell.

TheUCSFreportemphasizesthemetabolic（新陈代谢）effectsofsugar.Excesssugarcanaltermetabolism,raisebloodpressure,affectthesignalingofhormonesanddamagetheliver—outcomesthatsoundsuspiciouslysimilartowhatcanhappenafterapersondrinkstoomuchalcohol.Schmidt,co-chairofUCSF’sCommunityEngagementandHealthPolicyprogram,notedonCNN:

“Whenyouthinkaboutit,thisactuallymakesalotofsense.Alcohol,afterall,issimplymadefromsugar.Wheredoesvodkacomefrom?

Sugar.”

Buttherearealsootherareasofimpactthatresearchershaveinvestigated:

theeffectofsugaronthebrainandhowliquidcaloriesareinterpreteddifferentlybythebodythansolids.Researchhassuggestedthatsugaractivatesthesamerewardpathwaysinthebrainastraditionaldrugsofabuselikemorphineorheroin.Nooneisclaimingtheeffectofsugarisquitethatstrong,but,saysBrownell,“ithelpsconfirmwhatpeopletellyousometimes,thattheyhungerforsugarandhavewithdrawalsymptomswhentheystopeatingit.”

There’salsosomethingparticularlytrickyaboutsugarydrinks.“Whencaloriescomeinliquids,thebodydoesn’tfeelasfull,”saysBrownell.“Peoplearegettingmoreoftheircaloriesthaneverbeforefromsugareddrinks.”

Othercountries,includingFrance,GreeceandDenmark,imposesodataxes,andtheconceptisbeingconsideredinatleast20U.S.citiesandstates.Lastsummer,Philadelphiacameclosetopassinga2-cents-per-ouncesodatax.TheRuddCenterhasbeenastrongadvocateofamoremodest1-cent-per-puncetax.Butatleastonestudy,from2010,hasraiseddoubtsthatsodataxeswouldresultinsignificantweightloss:

apparentlypeoplewhoaredeterminedtoeat—anddrink—unhealthilywillfindwaystodoit.Teens—nosurprise—aregoodatfindingwaystogetthethingstheycan’thave,sostatepoliciesbanningallsugar-sweeteneddrinksfrompublicschoolsandprovidingonlywater,milkor100%fruitjuiceshaven’thadtheintendedeffectofsteeringkidsawayfromdrinkingsugareddrinks:

theaverageteenconsumesabout300caloriesperday—that’snearly15%ofhisdailycalories—insweeteneddrinks,andthefoodanddrinkindustryisonlytoohappytofeedthisneed.

Ultimately,regulatingsugarwillproveparticularlytrickybecauseitgoesbeyondhealthconcerns;sugar,forsomanypeople,islove.Aplateofcut-upvegetablesjustdoesn’tpackthesameemotionalacupcakeandnotanappleasanafter-schooltreattoday.Wedon’tdothatregularly—it’sthefirsttimethisschoolyear,actually—andthat’swhatmadeitspecial.Asasociety,couldweeverreachthepointwherewe’dthinkapples—notacupcake—aresomethingtogetexcitedover?

SaysBrindis,oneofthereport’sauthorsanddirectorofUCSF’sPhilipR.LeeInstituteforHealthPolicyStudies:

“Werecognizethatthereareculturalandcelebratoryaspectsofsugar.Changingthesepatternsisverycomplicated.”

Forinroads（进展）tobemade,saytheauthorsintheirstatement,peoplehavetobebettereducatedaboutthehazardsofsugarandagreethatsomething’sgottochange:

Manyoftheinterventions（干预）thathavereducedalcoholandtobaccoconsumptioncanbemodelsforaddressingthesugarproblem,suchasimposingspecialsalestaxes,controllingaccess,andtighteninglicensingrequirementsonvendingmachines（自动售货机）andsnack-barssellhighsugarproductsinschoolsandworkplaces.

“We’renottalkingprohibition,”Schmidtsaid.“We’renotadvocatingamajorimpositionofthegovernmentintopeople’slives.We’retalkingaboutgentlewaystomakesugarconsumptionslightlylessconvenient,therebymovingpeopleawayfromtheconcentrateddoes.Whatwewantistoactuallyincreasepeople’schoicesbymakingfoodsthataren’tloadedwithsugarcomparativelyeasierandcheapertoget.”

注意:

此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.Whydosomeresearchersthinksugarshouldbeconsidered“acontrolledsubstance”?

[A]Itcontainsnothingbutemptycalories.

[B]Itisasharmfulasmorphineandheroin.

[C]Itworksthesamewayasalcoholandtobaccointhehumanbody.

[D]Excessiveintakeofsugarresultsinlivertoxicityandvariousdiseases.

2.WhatmightbeAmericans’attitudetowardsgovernmentregulationofsugarconsumption?

[A]Enthusiastic.[B]Indifferent.[C]Disapproving.[D]Supportive.

3.Whatisaconsequenceofexcessivesugarintakeworldwide?

[A]Itcontributesto35millionnoninfectiousdisease-relateddeathsayear.

[B]Ithasincreasedthedeathtollnearlythreetimesinthepast50years.

[C]Itcontributestotheriseofpricesofsugarandsugaryfoods.

[D]Ithasincreasedtheglobalobesityratetosome17percent.

4.Thefoodindustrytriestorelievethepublicworryaboutsugarintakebysuggestingthat.

[A]sugarisnomorethanasourceofenergy

[B]sugarisnotharmfullikealcoholortobacco

[C]thehazardofsugartothebodyisexaggerated

[D]theconsumptionofsugariseasilycontrollable

5.AccordingtoBrownell,liquidsugar.

[A]isespeciallyattractivetoyoungchildren

[B]ismucheasierandquickertoabsorbthansolidsugar

[C]effectivelystimulatespeople’sappetite

[D]increasesyourcalorieintakewithoutyourknowingit

6.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthepracticeofimposingsugartaxes?

[A]Itwillharmthefoodanddrinkindustry.[B]Itisunlikelytoyieldtheintendedeffect.

[C]Itislikelytoalterpeople’seatinghabits.[D]Itcansteerkidsawayfromsugarfoods.

7.Regulatingsugarwillprovetrickybecause.

[A]peopleconsumesugarinlargequantities[B]nothinghasbeenfoundtoreplacesugar

[C]sugarmayconveyasenseoflove[D]manyfoodswillbecometasteless

8.Inordertoreducesugarconsumption,educationshouldbeconductedtoraisepeople’sawarenessofits.

9.Toaddressthesugarproblem,theauthorsuggeststhatthelicensingrequirementsonvendingmachinesandsnack-barssellinghighsugarproductsbe.

10.Agentlewaytosteerpeopleawayfromsugaristomakeinexpensive,low-sugarfoods

.

PartⅢListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.

注意：

此