英语高考考点名词的构成及练习有答案.docx
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英语高考考点名词的构成及练习有答案
英语高考考点---名词的构成及练习(附答案)
构成名词常用的后缀(共有15种方法)
1.---ness形容词+ness变成名词;,辅音字母+Y结尾,该y为i再加nesshappy(快乐的)happiness(快乐)clever(聪明的)cleverness(聪明)
kind(善良的)kindness(善良)polite(有礼貌的)politeness(礼貌)
2.---ity形容词+ity变成名词,以e结尾去掉e再加ity,le结尾改为il再加ity
Real(真实的)reality(现实)popular(受欢迎的)popularity(受欢迎)
pure(纯净的)---purity(纯净)Possible(可能的)possibility(可能)
probable(大概)probability(大概的)
3.---enceent结尾的形容词变成名词改为ence
absent(缺席的)absence(缺席)different(不同的)difference(不同)
excellent(优秀的)excellence(优秀)patient(耐心的)patience(耐心)
4.---ance/ancy带“-ant”后缀的形容词其相应名词往往是-ance或-ancy后缀。
例如:
distant(遥远的)--distance(远处)important(重要的)importance(重要)
accept(接受)---acceptance(接受)disappear(消失)---disappearance(消失)
5.---ment动词+ment变成名词
develop(发展)---development(发展)enjoy(喜爱)enjoyment(喜爱)
amaze(使惊奇)amazement(惊奇)excite(使激动)excitement(激动)
6.
---ion以t结尾的动词+ion变成名词
act(行动)action(行动)
inspect(检查)inspection(检查)
7.---ion以-ss结尾的动词在转变成与其相对应的名词形式时,可以直接在其后加-ion
express(表达)expression(表达)Discuss(讨论)discussion(讨论)
impress(使留下印象)impression(印象)
8.ation以ate结尾的动词在转变成与其相对的名词形式时,应该去掉不发音的e再加ion
educate(教育)education(教育)liberate(解放)---liberation(解放)
translate(翻译)-translation(翻译)graduate(毕业)graduation(毕业)
9.tion以元音字母+辅音字母+e结尾的动词在转换成名词时,通常的做法是先将e改成a然
后在其后加-tion(这样做的原因是字母a的读音ei会使这个词读起来上口)
admire(羡慕)---admiration(羡慕)recite(背诵)recitation(背诵)
prepare(准备)preparation(准备)invite(邀请)invitation(邀请)
10---sion以de结尾的动词,在转变成与其对应的名词时,去掉字母组合de再加上sion
decide(决定)decision((决定)divide(分开)division(分开)
provide(提供)provision(提供)conclude(推断)-conclusion(推论)
11.---ssion以重读闭音节结尾的动词,在转变成与其对应的名词时,先将词尾t,然后再
加-ssion
12.---hood
child(孩子)childhood(孩童时期)neighbour(邻居)neighbourhood(邻居关系)
mother(母亲)motherhood(母亲的身份)brother(兄弟)---brotherhood(兄弟关系)
13.---ship
friend(朋友)---friendship(友谊)relation(关系)--relationship(关系)
scholar(学者)---scholarship(学者)citizen(公民)citizenship(公民身份)
14.---ing
feel(感到,摸)---feeling(感觉)build(建设)---building(建筑物)
meet(集合)meeting(会议)hear(听)hearing(听力)
15.---th
deep(深的)depth(深度)wide(宽的)width(宽度)
long(长的)length(长度)strong(强大的)strength(力量,强度)
一、将下列动词转换为名词。
序号
动词
名词
汉语
序号
动词
名词
汉语
1
achieve
28
approve
2
appoint
29
arrive
3
astonish
30
propose
4
equip
31
refuse
5
govern
32
survive
6
argue
33
cold
7
act
34
aware
8
admit
35
kind
9
attract
36
weak
10
compete
37
lonely
11
contribute
38
lazy
12
expect
39
cruel
13
explain
40
disable
14
repeat
41
national
15
admire
42
grow
16
appreciate
43
strong
17
celebrate
44
free
18
graduate
45
bore
19
hesitate
46
confident
20
invite
47
violent
21
organize
48
convenient
22
translate
49
distant
23
decide
50
significant
24
discuss
51
accurate
25
permit
52
private
26
discover
53
27
recover
54
、在下列各句空白处填入所给单词的正确形式。
1..⋯moreandmorestudentswoulddropoutofschooliftheirpersonal(safe)couldnotbeguaranteed.
2.Thebestspeed(eat)traintheirstomachstoexpand.
3.Ihadno
(choose)buttoprepareforit,though.
4.Nevertheless,apologiesmightbeanimportantsocialtoolastheyreaffirm(重新确认)the
(exist)ofrulesthatneedtobeobserved.
5.Thestudentsuseavideogamecontrollertodirectitsthetank.
(move)in
6.Afarmeronceorganizedarabbit.
(compete)betweenhisdogandhis
7.Actuallywithmygreatspeaker.
(confident)buildingup,Inowturnouttobea
8.Wearereadytofaceany
(hard).
9.Justastheoldsayinggoes,
(honest)isthebestpolicy.
10.Theyshowgreat
(anxious)abouttheirretirementallowance.
11.Idon'tthinkyouaretellingmethewhole
(true)aboutwhathappened.
12.Withknowledgeandbythepeople.
(wise),theoldmanisrespectedandloved
13.Theprogramwillbeof(significant)intheprocess.
14.Hewasawardedforhis(brave)inthebattle.
15.Herperfect(pronounce)attractedeveryonepresent.
16.Theychargedfor(admit)sowecan'tenter
without(permit).
17.Everyonelikestoworkinpleasant(surround).
18.Successisnotfinaland(fail)isnotfatal.Itisthecourageto
continuethatcounts.
19.Hecelebratedthe(arrive)oftheNewYearwithapartyforhis
friends.
20.Inagood(marry),bothhusbandandwifeworkhardtosolveany
problemsthatarise.
三、高考真题演练,在下列各句空白处填入所给单词的正确形式。
1.(2019全国1卷)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa(believe)
thatpopulationsareincreasing.
2.(2019全国Ⅱ卷)Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocalevents
andletusknowofaninteresting(compete)towatch,togetherwith
thestorybehindit.
3.Thisswitchhasdecreased(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesand
reservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.
4.Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfood
eatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein(weigh)problems.
5.MynameisMireyaMayor.I'ma(science)whostudiesanimalssuchas
apesandmonkeys.
6.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe(introduce)of
electric--poweredenginesandlifts.
7.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher(educate)
8.Shetookmefromapoor,unhappycollegestudentandbroughtmeintoherworld,aworldofsmiles,loveand(warm).
9.Itookoutmyguidebookinwhichtherewasalotofinformationaboutthecity'swell-knownTourist(attract)andstartedtoread.
10.Qigongandacupuncture(针灸)arebothdesignedtoadjustthefunctionofthebody,releaseblockedflowofenergy,andbringaboutasenseof
(relax)andwell-being.
11.It'snotuncommonforanewfriendoranacquaintancetocometoasimple(conclude)afterobservingmethatmyChinesehusband,Jun,must
haveshownmehowtousechopsticks
12.InChinesefolktales,thelionhasalwaysbeenasymbolof(brave)
powerandgoodluck.
13.Itisaperfectcombinationofcolor,shape,(appear)andflavor.
Deliciousandnutritiousfoodhasbeenregardedasthebasicsofordinarylife.
14.(aware)ofdangersofpollutionhasresultedinmorestrictrulesof
wastedisposal.
15.Hecanbeagood(play)withouthavingtothinkwhetherheisa
popularperson,andhecanfindhimselfbeingausefulpartnertosomeoneofwhomheisordinarilyafraid.
构成名词构成表示人的名词(共有8种方法)
1.---er表示"从事某种职业的人,某地区,地方的人
teach(教)teacher(教师)read(读)reader(读者)village(村庄)villager(村民)London(伦敦)Londoner(伦敦人)
2.---or表示"⋯⋯者"
conduct(管理)conductor(管理者)visit(参观)visitor(游客)
Educate(教育)educator(教育者)act(行为)actor(男演员)
3.---ar
beg(恳求)beggar(乞丐)lie(说谎)liar(说谎者)
Scholar(学者)
4.---ess表示女性
act(行为)actress(女演员)host(主人)hostess(女主人)
manager(经理)manageress(女经理)lawyer(律师)---lawyeress(女律师)
5.---ese表示"⋯⋯国人,⋯⋯⋯地方的人“
China(中国)Chinese(中国人)Japan(日本)Japanese(日本人)
Canton(广东)Cantonese(广东人)Taiwan(台湾)Taiwanese(台湾人)
6.---ian⋯⋯地方人,信仰⋯⋯.教的人,从事⋯⋯职业的人
Music(音乐)musician(音乐家)physic(医药)physician(内科医生)
Politics(政治)politician(政治家)
history(历史)historian(历史学家)
7.---ist,表示"从事⋯⋯研究者,信仰⋯⋯主义者
Novel(小说)novelist(小说家)cycle(自行车)cyclist(骑车人)
8.有时会直接用表示人的词构词,象-boy,-girl,-man,-woman,
Cow(牛)---cowboy(牛仔)sales(销售)salesgirl(女店员)
Sales(销售)salesperson(推销员)post()postman(邮递员)
四、请根据下列词语写出与其相关的表示“人”的派生词。
1.civil(平民的)→__
(平民)
2.library(图书馆)→_
(图书管理员)
3.special(专门的)→
(专家)
4.violin(小提琴)→
(提琴家)
5.tour(观光)→
__(观光者)
6.art(艺术)→
(艺术家)
7.journal(报刊)→_
(记者)
8.account(账目)→
(会计)
9.assist(帮助)→__
(助理)
10.act(表演)→
___(男演员)
11.direct(指导)→_
(导演)
12.edit(编辑)→___
(编辑)
13.sail(航行)→___
(水手)
14.operate(操作)→_
(操作员)
15.translate(翻译)→
(翻译家)
16.wait(等候)→→_
(男服务员)
英语高考考点---名词的构成及练习答案
、将下列动词词转换为名词。
1.achievement成就、成绩2.appointment任命,约定3.astonishment惊讶4.equipment设备,装备5.government政府6.argument争吵;论证7.action行动,活动8.admission承认,入场费9.attraction吸引,吸引力
petition/competitor竞争者,竞争11.contribution捐款,贡献
12.expectation预期;预料13.explanation解释14.repetition重复,重做15.admiration羡慕,赞赏16.appreciation欣赏,感谢17.celebration庆典,庆祝18.graduation毕业19.hesitation犹豫20.invitation邀请
21.organization组织22.translation翻译23.decision决定24.discussion讨论25.permission允许,许可26.discovery发现,发觉27.recovery恢复,复原28.approval赞成,同意29.arrival到达,到达者30.proposal提议;计划31.refusal拒绝,回绝32.survival/survivor生存,幸存者33.coldness寒冷34.awareness意识35.kindness善良,体贴36.weakness虚弱,软弱37.loneliness孤独,寂寞38.laziness懒惰,懒散39.cruelty残忍;残酷40.disability残疾,无力41.nationality国际,民族42.growth生长,成长
43.strength力量,体力44.freedom自由,自主45.boredom厌46.confidence信心,信任47.violence暴力;强暴48.convenience便利49.distance距离,远处50.significance意义,重要性51.accuracy准确性,精确52.privacy隐私,私密
二、在下列各句空白处填入所给单词的正确形式。
1.safety2.eaters3.choice4.existence5.movementspetition7.confidence8.hardship9.honesty10.anxiety11.truth12.wisdom
13.significance14..bravery15.pronunciation16.admission17.surrounding18.failure
19.arrival20.marriage
三、高考真题演练。
1.beliefpetition3.pollution4.weight5.scientist6.introduction7.education8.warmth9.attractions10.relaxation11.conclusion12.bravery13.appearance
14.Awareness15.player
四、请根据下列词语写出与其相关的表示“人”的派生词
1.civilian2.librarian3.specialist4.violinist5.tourist6.artist7.journalist
8.accountant9.assistant10.actor11.director12.editor13.sailor14.operator
15.translator16.waiter