王守仁英国文学选读课后答案.doc

王守仁英国文学选读课后答案.doc

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GeoffreyChaucer

TheCanterburyTales

1.Howisthesettingofthetalesdescribed?

Withsuchasetting,couldyoupredictthegeneraltoneofthetales?

Earlyspring.Generaltone:

happy,easy,lively,humorous.

2.CharacteroftheKnight?

Theknightdisplaysmanytraitswhichmakehimseemalmosttoogoodtobetrue,andatruegentlemanthatrarelyexistsinreality.Theknightholdsfourmainadmirabletraits,makinghimthemostlikedtravelerin"TheCanterburyTales,"andalsoamplyingthedoubtofhisrealism.Fromthecharactersimpressiveintroduction,itisclearthatthismanisthemostvaluedandhonorabletraveleramongthegroup.Thisperfectgentlemanholdsaloveofidealsthatareoftennotdisplayedbypeople.Firstandforemost,hebelievesintheidealsofchivalry,andalwaysstaystruetoitsprinciples.Healsofeelsthatoneshouldbehonest,truthfulandfaithful,whichmanypeoplearenotalloftheseideals.Theknightthinksoneshouldonlydowhatisright,andwhatwillgainhimhonorandreputation.Thischaracteralsobelievesinfreedomandgenerositytowardsall,anddisplaysthisidealrepeatedlythroughoutthenovel.Andlastly,theknightalsostronglyfeelsthatanyproperpersonshoulddisplaycourtesyandeleganceatalltimes.

Anotheraspectofthischaracter'slifewhichmakeshimseemtooprestigioustobetruthfulishisimpressivemilitarycareer.Hefoughtintheholywar,Theknightobviouslyheldaveryrespectablereputation,andwastreatedwithmuchhonorandrespect.Hewasaperfectgentleman,showingkindnessandunderstandingtoeveryonehecameincontactwith.Theknightwasextremelywell-mannered,alwaysbeingonhisbestbehavior.Hisappearancewasthe"finishingtouch,"addinghonorandintegritytohiscourageousandgentlespirit. Thismaincharacterwasclothedstillinhisarmor,wearingatunicofharshclothandhiscoatofmailisrust-stained,clearlyshowingremainingsignsofpastbattles.

ShakespeareHamletP8

1.Whyissleepsofrightening,accordingtoHamlet,sinceitcan“end”theheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks”?

Nobodycanpredictwhathewilldreamofafterhefallsasleep.Deathmeanstheendoflife,youmaygotoorunknownworldandyoucan’tcomeback,.Ifhedies,Hamlet'scan'trealizehiswill.Though“sleep”canendtheheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks,itisastateofmind.Hamletdidn’tknowatall.Heisfrightenedbythepossiblesufferinginthelong“dream”.Hecan’tpredictwhatwillhappeninthesleep,maybegoodmaybeevil.

2.Whywouldpeopleratherbearallthesufferingsoftheworldinsteadofchoosingdeathtogetridofthem,accordingtoHamlet?

Deathissomysteriousthatnobodyknowswhatdeathwillbringtous.Maybebittersufferings,greatpains,heartbreakingstories…Becausepeopleholdthesameidea "togruntandsweatunderawearylife,butthatthedreadofsomethingafterdeath-theundiscover’dcountry,formwhosebournnotravelerreturns-puzzlethewill,andmakeusratherbearthoseillswehavethanflytoothersthatweknownotof?

”Peoplealsoarefrightenedbythemythsinanotherworldafterdeath.

3.What,afterall,makespeoplelosetheirdeterminationtotakeaction?

Pleaseexplaininrelationtotheso-calledhesitationofHamlet.

Conscienceandover-considerations.Hewantstorevenge,butdoesn’tknowhow.Hewantstokillhisuncle,butfindsittoorisky.Helivesindespairandwantstocommitsuicide.However,heknowsifhedies,nobodywillcomforthisfather’sghost.Heisinfaceofgreatdilemma.Theydon’tknowtheresultaftertheirtakingtheaction.SuchasHamlet,hedoesn’tknowwhatwouldhappenifhekillshisuncleorkillshimself.SoHamletwashesitated.

Sonnet18P13

1.Howdoesthepoetanswerthequestionheputsforthinthefirstline?

（Page14）

Thepoetopenswithaquestionthatisaddressedtothebeloved,"ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?

"Thisquestioniscomparing“thee”tothesummertimeoftheyear.Itisduringthistimewhentheflowersareblooming,treesarefullofleaves,theweatheriswarm,anditisgenerallyconsideredasanenjoyabletimeduringtheyear.Thefollowingelevenlinesinthepoemarealsodedicatedtosimilarcomparisonsbetweenthebelovedandsummerdays.Inlines2and3,thespeakerexplainswhatmainlyseparatestheyoungwomanfromthesummer'sday:

sheis"morelovelyandmoretemperate."（Line2）Summerdaysaresometimesshakenby"roughwinds"（line3）whichhappensandisnotalwaysaswelcomingasthewoman.Howeverinline4,thepoetgivesthefeelingagainthatthesummermonthsareoftentooshortbysaying,"Andsummerleasehathtooshortadate."Inthesummerdays,thesun,"theeyeofheaven"（line5）,oftenshines"toohot,"ortoodim,"hisgoldcomplexiondimmed"（line6）as"everyfairfromfairsometimedeclines."（Line7）Thefinalportionofthesonnettellshowthebeloveddiffersfromthesummerinvariousaspects.Herbeautywillbeonethatlastsforever,"Thyeternalsummershallnotfade."（Line9）,andneverendordie.

Atlasttwolines,thepoetexplainshowthebeloved'sbeautywillaccomplishthiseverlastinglifeunlikesummerdays.Anditisbecauseherbeautyiskeptaliveinthispoem,whichwilllastforever.Itwilllive"aslongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee."（Line13）thepoemisoutwardlyasimplestatementofpraiseaboutthebeautyofthebelovedwomanandperhapssummertothespeakerissometimestoounpleasantwiththeextremesofwindinessandheatthatgoalongwithit.However,thebelovedinthepoemisalwaysmildandtemperatebyhernatureandnothingatalllikethesummer.

Atlast,thepoetstartstopraisethatthebelovedissogreatandawingthatsheistoliveforeverinthissonnet.Thebelovedissogreatthatthespeakerwillevengoasfarastosaythat,"Solongasmenbreathe,oreyescansee,solonglivesthisandthisgiveslifetothee.”（line13、14）thatthebelovedisdeservingtoliveonforever.

2.Whatmakesthepoetthinkthat“thou”canbemorebeautifulthansummerandimmortal?

Attheverybeginning,thepoetputsforthaquestion:

“ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?

”Thenhegivesananswer:

“Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.”Ontheonehand,“RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate;”ontheotherhand,“Sometimetoohottheheavenshines,andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed.”Sofromtheabovetwoaspectsthepoetthinksthat“thou”canbemorebeautifulthansummer.Inaddition,“Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,bychance,ornature’schangingcourseuntrimmed.”Comparedwithimmortal,“Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st,norshalldeathbragthouwand’restinhisshade,whenineternallinestotimesthougrow’st.”Therefore,thepoetdrawsaconclusion:

“Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee,solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.”Inthispoem,thepoetmakes“thou”morebeautifulthansummerandimmortalbecauseofhisbeautifullines.Sointhiscase,“thou”inthepoemcanberegardedasfemalebecauselovecanbeautyeternal.Or“thou”canbereferredtomale,forfriendshipcanmakebeautyeverlasting.Even“thou”canbeabstract“love”or“beauty”whichwillbecomeeternalinthewonderfulpoem.

FrancisBacon

OfMarriageandSingleLifeP17

1.Ismarriageanimpedimentorhelptoone’scareerdevelopment?

IntheeasyOfMarriageandSinglelife,Baconprefersmarriagetosinglelife.Hethinks“unmarriedmenarebestfriends;bestmasters;bestservants;butnotalwaysbestsubjects;fortheyarelighttorunaway;andalmostallfugitivesareofthatcondition”,“Wivesareyoungmen’smistresses;companionsformiddleage;andoldmen’snurses”.

Ihavetosayhiswordscanstillbetruetoday;I’mathisback,thoughmanyyoungpeoplenowchoosetoremainsinglenomatermaleorfemale.Butsince“3Sladies”or“overleftladies”becomethecatchword,thefemaleseemsmoreterrible.Maybebecausewomenareeasiertogetoldbuttomen30isthegoldagesofcareerdevelopment.Forthemainreasonsof3Sladies,somearehighstandardforhusband;somearethefurtherstudying.Formen,maybetheyarefightinginbusiness;maybetheyaretoobadtofindawife.

Thenwecanseeallthestateofpresentmarriage.Eventhoughsomesay“marriageisthetomboflove”,Iyetsupportmarriage.Marriageandfamilymakepeoplemoreresponsibleandloving,makedeeperlovebetweenspousesandmakelifemorecolorful.

Theabilitytoloveandbelovedisthemostpreciousofgiftsgiventoman,whichshouldbehighlytreasured.Familyletamanlearntocarethewholeunit.Hehastotakegoodcareofhiswifeandson,lovethem,beresponsibleforthem,allofwhicharethesametowomen.Allthesequalitiesarevitaltoanyone’scareer.Whenyouworkbackhome,wifeorhusbandisalwaysthelistenertoyou,sonthewarmhearttoyou.Spouseshelpeachotherandsupporteachother;familyistheharborforsoul.Thusitishelptoone’scareerdevelopment.

2.Certainly,wifeandchildrenare“akindofdisciplineofhumanity”。

妻子儿女显然是人性的一种纪律约束

Abachelor’s单身lifefocusisbuthimself,sohewillspendalotofmoneyoneverythingthatfeasthiseyeswithouthesitation.What’smore,heislikelytohaveagoatanyrisksthatmakehimfeelexcitingandfreshforbeingfreefromanyburden.

However,amarriedmanalwaystendstothinktwicebeforemakinganimportantdecisioninordertopreventbringinganyharmtohisfamily.Heshouldhavethemotivationtoworkhardtofulfillwifeandchildren’sexpectation.Asaresult,familyletamanlearntocarethewholeunit.Hehastotakegoodcareofhiswi