广东考研英语一试题真题及答案.docx

广东考研英语一试题真题及答案.docx

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广东考研英语一试题真题及答案

2022年广东考研英语一试题真题及答案

　　SectionIUseofEnglish

　　Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootintheearly2000s;theterm“plantneurobiology”was____1____aroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbe____2____tointelligenceinanimals.____3____plantslackbrains,thefiringofelectricalsignalsintheirstemsandleavesnonethelesstriggeredresponsesthat____4____consciousness,researcherspreviouslyreported.

　　Butsuchanideaisuntrue,accordingtoanewopinionarticle.Plantbiologyiscomplexandfascinating,butit____5____sogreatlyfromthatofanimalsthatso-called____6____ofplants’intelligenceisinconclusive,theauthorswrote.

　　Beginningin2006,somescientistshave____7____thatplantspossessneuron-likecellsthatinteractwithhormonesandneurotransmitters,____8____“aplantnervoussystem,____9____tothatinanimals,”saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz,“They____10____claimedthatplantshave‘brain-likecommandcenters’attheirroottips.”

　　This____11____makessenseifyousimplifytheworkingsofacomplexbrain,____12____ittoanarrayofelectricalpulses;cellsinplantsalsocommunicatethroughelectricalsignals.____13____,thesignalinginaplantisonly____14____similartothefiringinacomplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan“amassofcellsthatcommunicatebyelectricity,”Taizsaid.

　　“Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathreshold____15____ofcomplexityandcapacityisrequired,”he____16____.”Sinceplantsdon’thavenervoussystems,the____17____thattheyhaveconsciousnessareeffectivelyzero.”

　　Andwhat’ssogreataboutconsciousness,anyway?

Plantscan’trunawayfrom____18____,soinvestingenergyinabodysystemwhich____19____athreatandcanfeelpainwouldbeavery____20____evolutionarystrategy,accordingtothearticle.

　　1.[A]coined[B]discovered[C]collected[D]issued

　　2.[A]attributed[B]directed[C]compared[D]confined

　　3.[A]Unless[B]When[C]Once[D]Though

　　4.[A]copedwith[B]consistedof[C]hintedat[D]extendedto

　　5.[A]suffers[B]benefits[C]develops[D]differs

　　6.[A]acceptance[B]evidence[C]cultivation[D]creation

　　7.[A]doubted[B]denied[C]argued[D]requested

　　8.[A]adapting[B]forming[C]repairing[D]testing

　　9.[A]analogous[B]essential[C]suitable[D]sensitive

　　10.[A]just[B]ever[C]still[D]even

　　11.[A]restriction[B]experiment[C]perspective[D]demand

　　12.[A]attaching[B]reducing[C]returning[D]exposing

　　13.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise

　　14.[A]temporarily[B]literally[C]superficially[D]imaginarily

　　15.[A]list[B]level[C]label[D]load

　　16.[A]recalled[B]agreed[C]questioned[D]added

　　17.[A]chances[B]risks[C]excuses[D]assumptions

　　18.[A]danger[B]failure[C]warning[D]control

　　19.[A]represents[B]includes[C]reveals[D]recognizes

　　20.[A]humble[B]poor[C]practical[D]easy

　　答案解析：

　　1.[A]coined

　　2.[C]compared

　　3.[D]Though

　　4.[C]hintedat

　　5.[D]differs

　　6.[B]evidence

　　7.[C]argued

　　8.[B]forming

　　9.[A]analogous

　　10.[D]even

　　11.[C]perspective

　　12.[B]reducing

　　13.[A]However

　　14.[C]superficially

　　15.[B]level

　　16.[D]added

　　17.[A]chances

　　18.[A]danger

　　19.[D]recognizes

　　20.[B]poor

　　SectionIIReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

　　Text1

　　Peopleoftencomplainthatplasticsaretoodurable.Waterbottles,shoppingbags,andothertrashlittertheplanet,fromMountEveresttotheMarianaTrench,becauseplasticsareeverywhereanddon’tbreakdowneasily.Butsomeplasticmaterialschangeovertime.Theycrackandfrizzle.They“weep”outadditives.Theymeltintosludge.Allofwhichcreateshugeheadachesforinstitutions,suchasmuseums,tryingtopreserveculturallyimportantobjects.Thevarietyofplasticobjectsatriskisdizzying:

earlyradios,avant-gardesculptures,celluloidanimationstillsfromDisneyfilms,thefirstartificialheart.

　　Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersinplasticartdidn’talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,untilretiringafewyearsago,workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands.“It’slikebakingacake:

Ifyoudon’thaveexactamounts,itgoeswrong,”shesays.“Theobjectyoumakeisalreadyatimebomb.”

　　Andsometimes,it’snottheartist’sfault.Inthe1960s,theItalianartistPieroGilardibegantocreatehundredsofbright,colorfulfoampieces.Thosepiecesincludedsmallbedsofrosesandotheritemsaswellasafewdozen“naturecarpets”—largerectanglesdecoratedwithfoampumpkins,cabbages,andwatermelons.Hewantedviewerstowalkaroundonthecarpets—whichmeanttheyhadtobedurable.

　　Unfortunately,thepolyurethanefoamheusedisinherentlyunstable.It’sespeciallyvulnerabletolightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi’spumpkins,roses,andotherfiguresweresplittingandcrumbling.Museumslockedsomeofthemawayinthedark.

　　SovanOostenandhercolleaguesworkedtopreserveGilardi’ssculptures.Theyinfusedsomewithstabilizingandconsolidatingchemicals.VanOostencallsthosechemicals“sunscreens”becausetheirgoalwastopreventfurtherlightdamageandrebuildwornpolymerfibers.Sheisproudthatseveralsculptureshaveevengoneondisplayagain,albeitsometimesbeneathprotectivecases.

　　DespitesuccessstorieslikevanOosten’s,preservationofplasticswilllikelygetharder.Oldobjectscontinuetodeteriorate.Worse,biodegradableplastics,designedtodisintegrate,areincreasinglycommon.

　　Andmoreisatstakeherethanindividualobjects.JoanaLiaFerreira,anassistantprofessorofconservationandrestorationattheNOVASchoolofScienceandTechnology,notesthatarchaeologistsfirstdefinedthegreatmaterialagesofhumanhistory—StoneAge,IronAge,andsoon—afterexaminingartifactsinmuseums.Wenowliveinanageofplastic,shesays,“andwhatwedecidetocollecttoday,whatwedecidetopreserve…willhaveastrongimpactonhowinthefuturewe’llbeseen.”

　　21.AccordingtoParagraph1,museumsarefacedwithdifficultiesin______.

　　[A]maintainingtheirplasticitems

　　[B]obtainingdurableplasticartifacts

　　[C]handlingoutdatedplasticexhibits

　　[D]classifyingtheirplasticcollections

　　22.VanOostenbelievesthatcertainplasticobjectsare______.

　　[A]immunetodecay

　　[B]improperlyshaped

　　[C]inherentlyflawed

　　[D]complexinstructure

　　23.MuseumsstoppedexhibitingsomeofGilardi’sartworksto______.

　　[A]keepthemfromhurtingvisitors

　　[B]duplicatethemforfuturedisplay

　　[C]havetheiringredientsanalyzed

　　[D]preventthemfromfurtherdamage

　　24.Theauthorthinksthatpreservationofplasticsis______.

　　[A]costly

　　[B]unworthy

　　[C]unpopular

　　[D]challenging

　　25.InFerreira’sopinion,preservationofplasticartifacts______.

　　[A]willinspirefuturescientificresearch

　　[B]hasprofoundhistoricalsignificance

　　[C]willhelpusseparatethematerialages

　　[D]hasanimpactontoday’sculturallife

　　SectionIIReadingComprehension

　　答案解析：

　　21.[A]maintainingtheirplasticitems

　　22.[C]inherentlyflawed

　　23.[D]preventthemfromfurtherdamage

　　24.[D]challenging

　　25.[B]hasprofoundhistoricalsignificance

　　Text2

　　Asthelatestcropofstudentspentheirundergraduateapplicationformandweighuptheiroptions,itmaybeworthconsideringjusthowthepoint,purposeandvalueofadegreehaschangedandwhatGenerationZneedtoconsiderastheystartthethirdstageoftheireducationaljourney.

　　Millennialsweretoldthatifyoudidwellinschool,gotadecentdegree,youwouldbesetupforlife.Butthatpromisehasbeenfoundwanting.Asdegreesbecameuniversal,theybecamedevalued.Educationwasnolongerasecurerouteofsocialmobility.Today,28percentofgraduatesintheUKareinnon-graduateroles,apercentagewhichisdoubletheaverageamongOECDcountries.

　　Thisisnottosaythatthereisnopointingettingadegree,butratherstressthatadegreeisnotforeveryone,thattheswitchfromclassroomtolecturehallisnotaninevitableoneandthatotheroptionsareavailable.

　　Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisisalreadyhappening,withGenerationZseekingtolearnfromtheirmillennialpredecessors,evenifparentsandteacherstendtobestillsetinthedegreemindset.Employershavelongseentheadvantagesofhiringschoolleaverswhooftenprovethemselvestobemorecommittedandloyalemployeesthangraduates.Manytooareseeingtheadvantagesofscrappingadegreerequirementforcertainroles.

　　Forthoseforwhomadegreeisthedesiredroute,considerthatthismaywellbethefirstofmany.Inthisageofgeneralists,itpaystohavespecificknowledgeorskills.Postgraduatesnowearn40percentmorethangraduates.Whenmoreandmoreofushaveadegree,itmakessensetohavetwo.

　　ItisunlikelythatGenerationZwillbedonewitheducationat18or21;theywillneedtobeconstantlyup-skillingthroughouttheircareertostayemployable.Ithasbeenestimatedthatthisgeneration,duetothepressuresoftechnology,thewishforpersonalfulfilmentanddesirefordiversity,willworkfor17differentemployersoverthecourseoftheirworkinglifeandhavefivedifferentcareers.Education,andnotjustknowledgegainedoncampus,willbeacorepartofGenerationZ’scareertrajectory.

　　Oldergenerationsoftentalkabouttheirdegreeinth