物流国际术语.docx

物流国际术语.docx

《物流国际术语.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《物流国际术语.docx（38页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

物流国际术语

NewlycompiledonNovember23,2020

物流国际术语

物流国际术语（英文版）

TheLanguageofLogistics

　　ASupplyChainandLogisticsGlossary

　　Copyright1997byEdwardH.BlicksteinDuplicatingforsharing

　　withothers，byanymeans，isillegal.PrintedinUSA

　　Year2000Issue

　　Purpose

　　Writtenandcompiledforthebenefitoflogisticsandtransportationprofessionals，studentsofthefield，andforclientsofTranSolutionsConsulting.Itishopedthatthistoolwillenabletheusertogainabetterunderstandingoflogisticsbyprovidingausefulandeasy-to-understandglossarythatwillbeup-datedannually.TheauthorandTranSolutionsConsultingacknowledgeimportantcontributionsfrommanyofitsclient'slogisticsandtransportationpersonnelaswellasinformationderivedfromotherexpertsourcesinthecompilationofthisglossary.

　　ThisissueofTheLanguageofLogisticsattemptstoincludethenewestterminologyandacronymsutilizedinthefieldofbusinesslogistics.Specialattentionhasbeenmadetocompiletermsandofferadviceinconnectionwithyear2000businessissues（nottheY2Kissue）likee-commerce.However，Imakenoclaimthatthisissueis100%completeasthechallengeofcompiling，researching，defining，andoccasionallycreatingmeaningfulterminologyisneverending.Writersinthefieldoflogisticsandsupply-chainmanagement，consultingfirms，industryprovidersof3PLservices，transportationcompanies，andshippersareconstantlycontributingtothedevelopmentofnewterminologythroughtheireffortstoimprovetheeffectivenessofsupply-chainmanagement.Consequently，thelanguageoflogisticsisalwaysexpandingduetotheevolvingnatureofthefield.

　　Asyouusethistoolyouwillnotethatthereisanewemphasisontechnology，theInternet，ande-commerce.WhilemosteveryoneisawareofthecurrentconsumerorientationoftheInternetande-commerce，thegreatestgrowthoverthenextseveralyearswillbeintheuseoftheInternetinbusiness-to-business（B2B）applicationsnotinbusinesstoconsumer（B2C）。

Theseapplications，forlogisticsandsupplychainimprovement，willrangefromprocurement，inventorymanagement，distribution，andtransportationtosales（includingorderentry）andcustomerservice.

　　Asaresult，logisticsandsupplychainprofessionalswillcontinuetobeconstantlychallengedbythespeedofchangeandemphasisoncostreductionintheircompaniesaswellasinbusinessingeneral.Itishopedthatthispublicationwillassisttheseprofessionalsintheirworkbybeingagoodreferencesource.

　　Studentsofsupplychainandlogisticsshouldcontinuetofindthispublicationbeneficialaswell.In1999，universityandcollegestudentsworldwideaccountedforalmost50%ofdownloadsofthispublication.Also，infutureeditionsIwillattempttodoabetterjobat'internationalizing“thispublication.

　　Lastbutnotleast，mostoftheobservationsandopinionsreflectedinthispublicationaretheresultofprojectworkperformedforourclientsoverthelastsixyears.ThisincludesourpartnershipworkwithMoore&Associates.

Section1：

SupplyChainManagementandLogistics

　　Supply-chainmanagementisoneofthehottesttopicsofdiscussiontodayamongstCEO'sandotherseniorofficersofbusinessesworldwide.Articlespermeatethebusinesspressandmanypublicationshavedesignateditasthelastfrontierforcreatingstrategiccompetitiveadvantage.WhyalltheinterestTheansweristhatcompaniesworldwidearenowcognizantofthegreatpotentialforcostreductionandincreasedcustomerservicefromsuccessfulsupply-chainmanagement.

　　Thepayoffpotentialcanresultfromreductionoreliminationofinventories，beingabletorespondquicklytocustomizedorders，reductionoreliminationofstepsinmovinggoodstomarket，enhancedcustomerservice，upstreamvendorrelationships，andtransportationimprovementsincludingcarrierprograms.

　　Inthisregard，logisticscanhelpimproveacompany'ssalesbyaddingvalueinavarietyofways.Specifically，byprovidingameansforensuringthatgoodsarepreparedforsaleproperlyanddeliveredquickly.Thiscouldinvolvespecializedpackaging，labeling，kitting，constructingfloorreadypallets，shipmentconsolidations，pooling，andmerge-in-transitprograms，anythingthatgetsproductsdownstreamfaster.Excellentcustomerservicecandifferentiateacompanyinthemarketplaceandhelpthatcompanywincontracts.

　　Errorfreedeliveryaccomplishedonaconsistentbasisisakeydifferentiator.Indealingswithourclientsand3PLs，TranSolutionsConsultingfindsthatmostofthetimetheabilitytohavealmostreal-timevisibilitytoinformationisanoperatingadvantageoramarketingadvantagedependingonwhetheryouaretheclientorthe3PL.Thisisimportantbecausesupplychainsarebeingshortenedandcompaniesaredependingonmorefrequentshipmentsfromtheirpartner-supplierssothatvisibilitytocomponentwhereaboutsisextremelycritical.Allofthenewlogisticsstrategiesshouldberemovingsignificantcostfromsupplychainsbutasmanycompanieshavefound，itisallintheexecution.

　　For1999，accordingtoTheController'sReport，totallogisticscostsrose%overthepreviousyearwhenmeasuredaspercentageofsalesand%whenmeasuredbycostperhundredweight.Thecostelementsmeasuredweretransportation，warehousing，orderentry/customerservice，administrative，andinventorycarrying.Theaveragecompanylogisticscostswere%ofsalesand/or$costperhundredweight.MostprofessionalsbelievethereisampleroomforimprovementbyoptimizingthesupplychainandincludingtheuseofnewinventorymanagementtoolslikeVMI，e-commerce，andbyimprovedplanningbetweenpartnersandinternalfunctionalgroups.Executioniskey.

　　ThisfirstsectionofTheLanguageofLogisticsdefinestermsfrequentlyusedbylogisticsprofessionals，writers，andconsultantsandrepresentsanumbrellaapproachtoorganizingthesetermsrecognizingthattheultimategoaloflogisticsprofessionalsistointegratelogisticsprocessestotheoverallsupply-chainofacompany.Thesectionsfollowingflowinanorderrelatedtowhatisusuallygivenemphasisfirstbutisnotintendedtorankareasofopportunity，asthiswillvarybycompany.

　　ABC：

ActivityBasedCostingisavaluabletoolforcostmanagement，totalqualitymanagementandbusinessprocessreengineering.Originally，amethodforproductcosting，itisnowusedforgeneratingaccuratecostinformationthatrelatestoavarietyofdecisions.ABCisolatesdirectcostsandoverheadstospecificproducts，customers，andservicesattributingactivitycostsonlyiftheactivitiesareperformedontheproductsorservices.

　　BaldrigeAward：

ReferstotheMalcolmBaldrigeNationalQualityAwardinstitutedbythe.Congressandpresentedannuallytouptosix.companiesfortheirexcellenceinimprovingquality.

　　Benchmarking：

Anapproachtoimprovingperformancethroughcomparisonofcurrentoperationsagainstanotheroperationormode.Benchmarkingcanbeappliedtoanypartofthesupplychaintoevaluatecurrentoperationsandsetperformancegoalsthroughtheimplementationof“bestpractices”。

　　BestPractices：

Referstocompanieswhoseoperationssettheindustrystandardforperformanceinoneormoreareas.

　　BPI：

BusinessProcessImprovement.Termusedwhenlogisticsmanagerstakeaprocessimprovementapproachtoimprovethecompany'slogisticsprocessperformance.ABPImodelisconstructedforapprovalwiththeobjectivebeingsuccessfulimplementation.Usually，thenextinvolvesabenchmarkingeffort（casestudy）inordertoapplywhathasbeenlearned.

　　Capabilities：

Broaderthancorecompetencies，capabilitiesencompassesprocessessuchasordercycletime，customerservice，aswellasoverallbusinessbehaviorandculture.Referto“corecompetencies，”“demand-orientedcapabilities，”and“supply-orientedcapabilities”inthispublication.

　　CategoryManagement：

Themanagementofindividualproductcategoriesasstrategicbusinessunits.Emphasizesprofitsandsalesforentireproductgroupsratherthanindividualbrands.

　　C-commerce：

“Collaborativecommerce”。

Thisinvolvescombiningtradingpartnerstoreducecostthroughthesharingoflogisticsresources.

　　CDL：

“ConsumerDirectLogistics”。

Thisconsistsofprocessingandfulfillmentofconsumerordersfromaretailstoreordedicateddistributioncenter.andPeapodaretwoexamplesofcompaniesperfectingthischannel.

　　Channel：

Businesscomponentsofacompany'ssupplychainsuchasmanufacturingsupport，manufacturing，distribution，andretailingordirectsales.Productmovesfromonechannelmember，withvaluebeingadded，tothenextchannelmemberuntilproductreachesthecustomer.Achannelmayalsobeageographicareaorzonewhereinvolumesareshipped.

　　CollaborativeSupplyNetwork：

Anetworkthatmanagestheconvergenceofexecutionnetworksandstrategicplanning.CoreCompetency：

Attributes，processes，knowledge，abilitiesandskillsthatallowafirmtoachievecompetitiveadvantage.Oftenusedtomeanthingsacompanydoesbest.See“capabilities”。

　　CCM：

Abbreviationfor“CommerceChainManagement”。

CCMconsistsofsystems，commercenetworks，procurement，andin-houseor3PLlogistics.

　　CPFR：

Abbreviationfor“MeansCollaborativePlanningForecastingandReplenishment”。

Purposeistocreateefficientflowofinformationamongstsupplychainpartners（.vendors，customers）。

　　CR：

“CollaborativeReplenishment”。

Whenlargeretailerssharealltheirneedsona52-week，individualstorebasiswiththeirsuppliers.

　　CRP：

“ContinuousReplenishmentPlanning/Program”。

Thisisaninnovativelogisticsmethodthatintegratesthelogisticsoperationsofthesupplierandthecustomerintoonecoordina