英语词汇学自考题 6Word文档下载推荐.docx
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[解析]Lexicologyisa...,inquiringintotheoriginsandmeaningsofwords.词汇学研究词汇的起源和意义。
答案为C。
2.ThereasonforthatmoreandmoredifferencesoccurbetweensoundandformisthattheEnglish
alphabetwasadoptedfromthe______.
A.Pacifics
B.Germanics
C.Celtics
D.Romans
C.
D.√
[解析]Withthedevelopmentofthelanguage,moreandmoredifferencesoccurbetweenthe
two.TheinternalreasonforthisisthattheEnglishalphabetwasadoptedfromtheRomans.随着语言发展，声音和形式之间的差异越来越大。
产生这一差异的内在原因是英语拼写采用了罗马字母。
答案为D。
3.______arewordsorformsthatwereonceincommonusebutarenowrestrictedonlytospecialized
orlimiteduse.
A.Neologisms
B.Archaisms
C.Jargons
D.Terminologies
）1.00（分数：
B.√
[解析]Archaismsarewordsorformsthatwereonceincommonusebutarenowrestricted
onlytospecializedorlimiteduse.古语词是指过去曾经广泛使用而现在仅限于某些特殊用法的词。
答案为B。
4.Itisassumedthattheworldhasapproximately3000（someputit5000）languages,whichcan
begroupedintoroughly______languagefamiliesonthebasisofsimilaritiesintheirbasicword
stockandgrammar.
A.500
B.4000
C.300
D.2000
[解析]Itisassumedthattheworldhasapproximately3000（someputit5000）languages,which
canbegroupedintoroughly300languagefamiliesonthebasisofsimilaritiesintheirbasic
wordstockandgrammar.据估计，世界上约有3000多种（有人认为有5000种）语言。
这些语言可以根据他们的基本词汇和语法的相似性大致划为300个谱系。
5.Theintroductionof______attheendofthe6thcenturyhadagreatimpactontheEnglish
vocabulary.
A.printing
B.Christianity
C.Frenchwords
D.alltheabove
[解析]TheintroductionofChristianityhadagreatimpactontheEnglishvocabulary.6世纪末基督教的传人给英语词汇带来了很大影响。
6.TheNormanConqueststartedacontinualflowofFrenchwordsintoEnglish.______ofthemare
stillinusetoday.
A.Eighty-fivepercent
B.Fifty-sixpercent
C.Seventy-twopercent
D.Seventy-fivepercent
[解析]Between1250and1500about9,000wordsofFrenchoriginpouredintoEnglish.Seventy
fivepercentofthemarestillinusetoday.从1250年到1500年约有9000个法语词汇进入到英语中，其中75%仍在使用。
7.______meansanoldformwhichtakesonanewmeaningtomeetthenewneed.
A.Creation
B.Semanticchange
C.Borrowing
D.Derivation
[解析]semanticchangemeansanoldformwhichtakesonanewmeaningtomeetthenewneed.
旧词新义是指赋予旧有词汇新的含义以满足新的需要。
8.Chieflyfoundinderivedwords,boundmorphemesinclude______.
A.boundroots
B.inflectionalaffixes
C.derivationalaffixes
[解析]Boundmorphemesincludetwotypes：
boundrootandaffix.Affixcanbeputintotwo
groups:
inflectionalandderivationalaffixes.粘附词素有两类：
粘附词根和词缀。
词缀又可分为两组：
内部屈折词缀和派生词缀。
9.Ofthefollowingword-formationprocesses,______isthemostproductive.
A.clipping
B.blending
C.initialism
D.derivation
[解析]现在有许多种结构方式，如词缀法（affixation）、复合法（compounding）、转类法（conversion）、拼缀法（blending）、截短法（dipping）等。
其中，用词缀法构词又叫派生词（derivation），是最多产的构词方式。
10.Whichofthefollowingprefixescannotbeusedtoindicatetimeandorder?
______
A.Ex-.
B.Fore-.
C.Post-.
D.Para-.
[解析]前缀para-表示“半，在旁边”，因此不是表示时间和顺序的。
11.Thedifferencesbetweencompoundsandfreephrasesshowin______aspects.
A.phoneticfeatures
B.semanticfeatures
C.grammaticalfeatures
[解析]Compoundsdifferfromfreephrasesinthefollowingthreeaspects:
（1）Phonetic
features：
（2）Semanticfeatures；
（3）Grammaticalfeatures.复合词和自由词组的区别表现在以下方面：
（1）语音特点；
（2）语义特点；
（3）语法特点。
12.Whichofthefollowingwordsisnotformedthroughclipping?
A.Dorm.
B.Motel.
C.Gent.
D.Zoo.
C.
[解析]dorm截自dormitory，gent截自gentlemen，zoo截自zoologicalgarden。
而motel是通过拼缀法形成的，源自motor（汽车）+hotel（宾馆）。
13.Back-formationisconsideredtobetheoppositeprocessof______.
A.prefixation
B.suffixation
C.acronymy
D.conversion
[解析]Back-formationisconsideredtobetheoppositeofsuffixation.逆生法被认为是后缀法的对立过程。
14.Unlikereference,sensedenotestherelationships______thelanguage.
A.inside
B.outside
C.between
D.outof
A.√
[解析]Unlikereference,sensedenotestherelationshipinsidethelanguage.与所指不同的是，“语义”指的是语言内部的关系。
答案为A。
15.______referstothatpartofthemeaningofthewordwhichindicatesthefollowing
relationshipssuchasword-class,tensemeaning,etc.
A.Lexicalmeaning
B.Conceptualmeaning
C.Grammaticalmeanings
D.Associativemeaning
D.
[解析]Grammaticalmeaningsrefertothatpartofthemeaningofthewordwhichindicates
grammaticalconceptorrelationshipssuchaspartofspeechofwords,singularandpluralmeaning
ofnouns,tensemeaningofverbsandtheirinflectionalforms.答案为C。
16.Normally,weclassifystylesinto______.
A.general,neutral,informal
B.formal,neutral,informal
C.frozen,casual,intimate
D.poetic,colloquial,slang
[解析]Peoplenormallyclassifystylesinto
ormal,
eutralandinformal.人们通常将文体分为正式、中性和非正式。
17.Indiachronicapproach,othermeaningsapartfromtheprimarymeaningofawordwereacquired
by______.
A.extension
B.narrowing
C.analogy
[解析]Alltherestarederivedlateronfromtheprimarymeaning.Thesemeaningswere
acquiredbyextension,narrowing,analogy,transfer,etc.答案为D。
18.Thefundamentaldifferencebetweenhomonymsandpolysemantsiswhether______.
A.theycomefromthesamesource
B.theyarecorrelatedwithonecentralmeaning
C.theyarelistedunderoneheadwordinadictionary
[解析]区分同形同音异义词和多义词的一个重要标准是看它们的词源，第二个是语义是否相关。
第。
D三个是在词典中多义词是列在同一个词条下的，而同形同音异义词则列入不同的词条。
答案为
19.Thewaytodefineanantonymisbasedon______.
A.contradiction
B.contrariness
C.oppositeness
D.relativeness
[解析]Antonymsareclassifiedonthebasisofsemanticopposition.反义词是按语义相反的情况进行划分的。
20.Themeaningofpicturechangedbythemodeof______.
C.degradation
D.elevation
[解析]Thewordpicture,whichoriginallydenotedmerepainting,butnowhascometoinclude
drawingsandevenphotographs.picture一词原意为“绘画”，现意为各种画，甚至连照片也包括在内。
21.Themeaningof
ondchangedfrom
oolishtoaffectionatebymodeof______.
C.elevation
D.degradation
[解析]Fondoriginallymeans
oolishandnowmeansaffectionate.fond一词的词义从“愚蠢”变为“喜爱”，可见fond一词的词义升格了。
22.Extra-linguisticfactorsofword-meaningchangeinclude______.
A.historicalreason
B.psychologicalreason
C.classreason
[解析]Extra-linguisticfactorsincludehistoricalreason,classreasonandpsychological
reason.非语言因素包括历史原因、阶级原因和心理原因。
23.Extra-linguisticcontextexcludes______.
A.people
B.time
C.place
D.clauses
[解析]Extra-linguisticcontextembracesthepeople,time,place,andeventhewholecultural
background.非语言环境包括人物、时间、地点，甚至包括整个文化背景。
24.______mayproveextremelyvaluableinguessingthemeaningsofnewwords.
A.Grammar
B.Context
C.Pronunciation
D.Ambiguity
[解析]Contextmayproveextremelyvaluableinguessingthemeaningsofnewwords.语境在新词的意义猜测中证明是极有价值的。
25.Whichisnottrueofidioms?
A.Theyaregrammaticallyanalyzable.
B.Theirwordordercannotbeinverted.
C.Anidiomisasemanticunity.
D.Thestructureofanidiomisusuallyunchangeable.
[解析]Eachidiomisasemanticunity.Unlikefreephrases,thestructureofanidiomis
toalargeextentunchangeable.Thewordordercannotbeinverted.Manyidiomsaregrammatically
unanalysable.很多习语在语法上是不可拆分的。
因此A项错误。
26.______aremainlyproverbsandsayings.
A.Idiomsnominalinnature
B.Idiomsverbalinnature
C.Idiomsadverbialinnature
D.Sentenceidioms
[解析]sentenceidiomsaremainlyproverbsandsayings.句式习语主要是谚语和格言。
27.Idiomsmanifestapparentrhetoricalcolouringwhichdoesn'
tinclude______.
A.phoneticmanipulation
B.lexicalmanipulation
C.stylisticmanipulation
D.figuresofspeech
[解析]Idiomsmanifestapparentrhetoricalcolouringinsuchrespectsasofphonetic
manipulation,lexicalmanipulationandfiguresofspeech.习语在语音运用、词汇运用和修辞手段等方面表现出明显的修辞色彩。
28.Thechangesinconstituentsofidiomsexclude______.
A.replacement
B.additionordeletion
C.repletion
D.dismembering
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