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4AgileManufacturing敏捷制造
briefoverview简要概述
competitiveadvantage竞争优势
dynamicteams动态团队
adaptabilityandversatility适用性和通用性
leadtimes导程
5LeanProduction精益生产
assembly-linemanufacturingmethodology流水线制造方法
logisticsorganizationsandsupplychains物流组织和供应链
6VirtualManufacturing虚拟制造
modelsandsimulations建模和仿真
commondatamodels公共数据模型
7ConcurrentEngineering并行工程
pre-determinedobjectives预定目标
8GeneralConsiderationsofMachine机械概述
transformingormodifying转换或修改
turbines涡轮机
steamengines蒸汽机
internalcombustionengines内燃机
primemovers原动件
hydraulicpumps液压泵
aircompressors空压机
motors电动机
operators执行机构
translatory（linear）motion平动
rotarymotion转动
crankshaft曲轴
afour-stroke-cycleenginewitheightcylinders八缸四冲程引擎
inertia惯性
torque力矩
clutch离合器
transmission转速想，变速箱（gearbox）
rearaxlehousing后桥壳
auniversaljoint万向节
lubrication润滑
springs,flywheels,shafts,fasteners弹簧，飞轮，轴，紧固件
stiffness刚度
massesoftheparts零件的质量
displacements,velocities,accelerations位移（position），速度，加速度
The“work”referredtointhedefinitionwillbeinterpretedinitsscientificsense.Inthescienceofmechanics,workissomethingthatforcesdowhentheymoveinthedirectioninwhichtheyareacting,anditisequaltotheproductoftheaverageforceandthedistancemoved.
定义中提到的“功”将被赋予科学的含义。
在机械科学中，功是力在沿力的方向作用时产生的，它等于平均力和路程的乘积。
Whenaforcecausesabodytorotateaboutafixedaxis,orpivot,theworkdoneisobtainedbymultiplyingthetorque（T）bytheangleofrotation.
当一个力使物体做定轴转动，所做的功等于力矩与转过角度的乘积。
mechanicaladvantage机械增益
velocityratio速比
effort作用力
load负载
9TheSimpleMachine简单机械
lever杠杆
fulcrum支点
aleverageprinciple杠杆原理
pulley滑轮，带轮
amovablebearingblock动滑轮
afixedbearingblock定滑轮
ownaccord自行
drills钻
reamers铰刀
machinetoolspindles机床主轴
wedgeprinciple斜切原理
metal-cuttingtools金工刀具
screw-nutcombination丝杆螺母机构
forceamplifier（thescrewhasfewequals）省力机构（螺旋无可匹敌）
ascrewjack螺旋千斤顶
highefficiency高效
self-locking自锁
fasteningdevice紧固装置
motionconverter力转换机构
atwistdrillformetal金工用麻花钻
10Mechanisms机构
intersection交点
commonnormal公法线
lineofthecenters中心线
direct-contactmechanisms直接接触机构
purerolling纯滚动
auniform（constant）velocityratio一个统一的（常量）速比
positivedrive强制转动
variable变量
formula（relationship,equation）方程式
conjugateprofile共轭轮廓
acommontangent公切线
pitchcircles分度圆
11Gears齿轮
toothprofiles齿廓
easeofmanufacture制造难易度
sensitivitytomaladjustment失调敏感性
load-carryingcapacity承载能力
center-distancevariations中心距变化
spurandhelicalgears直齿轮和斜齿轮
involutespurgears渐开线直齿轮
backlash侧隙，回程误差
pitchcircle分度圆
axialthrust轴向推力
wormgears蜗轮蜗杆
single-threadwormsoflargediameterhavesmallleadangles大直径单头蜗杆的导程角小
multiple-threadwormshavelargerleadangles多头蜗杆有更大的导程角
bevelgears锥齿轮
planetaryanddifferentialgears行星齿轮和差动齿轮
external外接
internal内接
ordinarygeartrain定轴齿轮系
geartrain齿轮系
speedreducers减速器
12Cams凸轮
cam-followermechanisms凸轮从动机构
dwells休止期
valves阀门
angularincrements角增量
linearincrements线增量
uniformlyacceleratedandretardedmotionandharmonicmotion（themotionofasimplependulum）匀加速匀减速运动，简谐运动（单摆）
13Linkage连杆机构
degreeoffreedom自由度
drag-linkmechanism双曲柄机构（double-crankmechanism）
quick-returnaction急回运动
double-rockermechanism双摇杆机构
linkagesynthesis连杆机构综合
quick-returnratio
slider-crankinversions
forward/reverserotation往复运动
eccentric-and-rodmechanism
eccentricity
spacelinkages
kinematic“pairs”运动副
turningpair转动副
prismaticpair移动副
cylindricpair
screwpair丝杠螺母副
sphericpair
14BeltDrive
creep蠕变
Vbelts
V-shapedcrosssection
groovedandtimingbelts
15Couplings,Clutches,Brakes
rigidcouplings
precisealigning
flexiblecoupling
clutches
provideforwardandreverserotations
brakes
thecoefficientoffriction
15Bearings
Abearingisaconnectorthatpermitstheconnectedmemberstoeitherrotateortranslate（movetoandfor）relativetooneanotherbutpreventsthemfromseparatinginthedirectioninwhichloadsareapplied.Inmanycasesoneofthemembersisfixed,andthebearingactsassupportforthemovingmember.
precisevalues
frictionalresistance
Rolling-contactbearingsaredesignedtosupportandlocaterotatingshaftsorpartsinmachines.Theytransferloadsbetweenrotatingandstationarymembersandpermitrelativelyfreerotationwithaminimumoffiction.Theyconsistofrollingelements（ballsorrollers）betweenanouterandinnerring.Cagesareusedtospacetherollingelementsfromeachother.Figure24,1illustratesthecommonterminologyusedindescribingrolling-contactbearings.
fig.24.1
rings
rollingelements
cages
canardbearing
single-rowradialballbearings
ballthrustbearing
gasbearings
journalbearings
comparisonofbearings
16DesignEngineerandDesignMethodology
regimenteddiscipline
machinetool
systematicmethodsofanalysisandsynthesis
aninnermanifestationofthecreativeurge
basicguidelines
originaldesign
adaptivedesign
scaledesign
existing
Eachofthesetypesofdesigncanbeequallychallengingandallrequirefivebasicsteps:
1）Taskdefinition
2）Conceptualdesign
3）Layoutdesign
4）Detaildesign
5）designfollow-up
fostercreativity
17CreativeDesign
emergentconcept
constructiveinduction
InferentialTheoryofLearning
inductivelearning
routinedesign
18MechanicalEngineeringDesign
solidmechanics
empiricalinformationandprofessionaljudgment
stress-strain-strengthrelationships
surfacephenomena
friction
lubrication
wear
environmentaldeterioration
19IntroductiontoDrawing
visibleline
hiddenline
dimensionline
extensionline
leader
centerline
cutting-planeline
sectionline
breakline
phantomline
orthographicprojection
sectionalandauxiliaryviews
dimensioning
sizedimension
locatedimension
detailandassemblydrawings
massproduction
20MetalMaterials
physicalandmechanicalproperties
hardness
tensilestrength
ductility
toughness
elasticity
compressivestrength
fatiguestrength
alloys
carboncontent
ferrousmetals
furnace
nonferrousmetals
work-hardens
aluminum
heat-treating
toolsteel
21FiveBasicMachiningTechniques
drilling
boring
turning
planning
milling
grinding
planer
shaper
cutting-edgesofthetool
headstock
tailstock
tool-post
feed-shaft
centers
chucks
lead-screw
22LaserMachining
laser
semiconductor
powerdensity
gaswelding
arcwelding
resistancewelding
thermitewelding
laserwelding
electron-beamwelding
23Computer
analog
digital
sum
digitbydigit
electroniccomputers
integratedcircuits
hardware
fivedistinctelements:
1）acentralprocessingunit
2）inputdevices
3）memorystoragedevices
4）outputdevices
5）acommunicationsnetwork,calleda“bus”
operatingsystems
programming
instructions
binarydigitalinformation
binary-basedlanguage
“assembly-language”programming
mnemonic
high-levellanguages
interpretersandcompilers
CommonBusinessOrientedLanguage（COBOL）
parallelprocessing
24DevelopmentHistoryofComputerUse
real-timecapabilities
computer-aideddesign（CAD）
computer-aidedmanufacturing（CAM）
25ComputerIntegratedManufacturing（CIM）
inventoryinformation
salesforecast
integration
fourmajorcomponents:
Computeraideddesign（CAD）
Computeraidedmanufacturing（CAM）
Computerintegratedproductionplanning&
control（CIPP&
C）
Manufacturingmanagement（MGMT）
applications
26Automation
programmedcommands/instructions
principalmeans
human-likecharacteristics
spraypainting
spotwelding
manipulator
feedbackcontrols
decision-making
buildingblocks
materialhandling
logicsubroutines
errordetectionandrecovery
safety
adaptivecontrol
artificialintelligence
threebasictypes:
1）Fixedautomation
2）Programmedautomation
3）Flexibleautomation
humanintervention
inventorycontrol
qualitycontrol
27ArtificialIntelligence
speechrecognition
characterrecognition
machinevision
natural-languageprocessing
expert
code
knowledgeacquisition
decision-makingalgorithms
28Mechatronics
sensor-basedfeedbacksystem
29DevelopmentofRobotSystems
first-generationrobotsystems
predeterminedpath
paintspraying
assembly
adaptability
amastercomputersupervising
coordinating
high-levelfunctions
servosystem
degreeoffreedom
coordinatetransformation
flexibility
30MechanicalDesignofanIndustrialRobot
applicationofengineeringexpertise
strengthandstiffness
mechanicalaccuracyrequirements
bendingandsurfacestress
dynamicperformance
Alsoconsideredaretypesofmotionrequirements,suchascontrolled-pathmotionforarcwelding,continuous-pathmotionforspraypainting,absolutepositioningfo
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