现在完成时.docx
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现在完成时
(1)构成:
现在完成时由助动词have+ 过去分词构成,助动词have 有人称和数的变化。
第三人称单数用has,其余用have.
现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。
以study 为例,其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下:
否定式
疑问式
Ihavenot(haven’t)studied….
HaveIstudied…?
Youhavenot(haven’t)studied….
Haveyoustudied…?
Hehasnot(hasn’t)studied….
Hashestudied…?
否定疑问式
简单回答(肯定/否定)
HaveInot(Haven’tI)studied…?
Yes,youhave.No,youhaven’t.
Haveyounot(Haven’tyou)studied…?
Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.
Hashenot(Hasn’the)studied…?
Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.
(2)用法:
1)现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。
说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。
Mydaughterhasjustgoneout. 我女儿刚出去。
I’msurewe’vemetbefore. 我肯定我们以前见过面。
Shehasarrived. 她到了。
2)表示持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用,如recently,already,just,lately,for…,since…,yet等。
如:
Ihaven’theardfromherthesedays. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。
Wehaven’tseenyourecently. 最近我们没有见到你。
Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears. 他们离开已经两年了。
ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.
★注意:
1)since和for的区别
since后接时间点,如1993,lastterm,yesterday,thetimeIgotthere
for后接一段时间,表示“长达多久”,如tenyears,awhile,twodays等。
Exercise:
用since和for填空
1.Jimhasbeenin Ireland ______Monday. 2.Jillhasbeenin Ireland ______threedays.
3.Hisaunthaslivedin Australia ______15days. 4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere______7o'clock.
5. India hasbeenanindependentcountry______1974.6.Thebusislate.They'vebeenwaiting______20minutes.
7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty______manyyears.
8.Mikehasbeenill______alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital______October.
2)表示短暂意义的动词如arrive,leave,borrow,buy,begin,start,die等,在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。
因此,不能说:
Hehascomeherefor2weeks. ×
Theoldmanhasdiedfor4months. ×
Theyhaveleftonlyfor5minutes. ×
以上三句话可以改为:
Hehasbeenherefor2weeks.
Theoldmanhas_____________for4months.
Theyhave__________onlyfor5minutes.
3)have(has)been 和have(has)gone的区别:
表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have(has)been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用 “have(has)gone”。
试比较:
Wherehashebeen?
他刚才到哪里去了?
(已经回来了)
Wherehashegone?
他上哪儿去了?
(人不在)
Theyhavebeento Canada. 他们到过加拿大。
(现在已经不在加拿大)
Theyhavegoneto Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。
(可能在路上和已经到加拿大).
4)现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastyear,in1976,twodaysago,justnow,whenIcamein,但可以和already,yet,sometimes,always,often,before,lately,recently,once,twice,ever,never等连用。
例如:
Shehasalreadycome. 她已经来了。
Ihaven’treadityet. 我还没读过这个。
Ihavemethimbefore. 我从前曾见过他。
MaHonghasalwaysbeenagoodstudent. 马红一直是个好学生。
Ihaveoftenseenhiminthestreet. 我经常在街上看见他。
TheyhaveneverbeentoYan’an. 他们从未去过延安。
Ihaven'tseenhimlately. 我近来没看到他。
Exercise:
I.Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.
1.I____already____(see)thefilm.I________(see)itlastweek.2._____he____(finish)hisworktoday?
Notyet.
3.Myfather____just____(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.
4.Where’sLiMing?
He__________(go)totheteacher’soffice.
5.I__________(work)heresinceI______(move)herein1999.
6.SofarI_______________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.
7.Howlong________theWangs______________(stay)here?
Fortwoweeks.
8.I________just___________(finish)myhomework.9.He________(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.
10.____you______(find)yoursciencebookyet?
11.Ifit____(be)finetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.
12.Thestudents____________(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.
13.Look!
Themonkey__________(climb)thetree. 14.Mymother__________(come)toseemenextSunday.
15.I'velostmypen._________you________(see)itanywhere?
II.Choosethebestanswer.
1.Howlonghaveyou_______here?
A.come B.got C.arrived D.been
2.Mygrandpadied_________.
A.attheageofmy2 B.for2years C.whenIwas2. D.myagewas6.
3.Janehas_____to BeiJing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.
A.been B.gone C.went D.neverbeen
4.Itistenyears_____Ilastsawher.
A.after B.since C.for D.that
5.--WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?
--Iwill.I_____herseveraltimes.
A.met B.havemet C.hadmet D.willmeet
6.--Whatanicedress!
Howlong_____you_____it?
--Just2weeks.
A.will,buy B.did,buy C.are,having D.have,had
7.--Doyouknow Lydia verywell?
--Yes,SheandI_____friendssincewewereveryyoung.
A.havemade B.havebecome C.havebeen D.haveturned
8.TheSmiths_______in China for8years.
A.haslived B.lived C.havebeen D.live
9.--Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking. CanIspeaktoMr.Black?
--Sorry.He______the Bainiao Park.
A.hasbeento B.hasgoneto C.wentto D.willgoto
10.--____youever____tothe US?
--Yes,twice.
A.Have,gone B.Have,been C,Do,go D.were,going
III. Rewritethesentences.
1.Ihavebeento Macau before.(改为否定句) I__________________beentoMacaubefore.
2.Hehasn’tcometoschool becausehewasill.(就划线部分提问)_____________hecometoschool?
3.Iboughanewbikejustnow.(用just改写) I____just____anewbike.
4.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.(改为同义句)We________English____threeyears
5.Hehasneversurfed,______________?
(改成反意疑问句)
6.Theyhavebeenhere since2000. (对划线部分提问)______________havetheybeenhere?
7.Theoldman_________lastyear.Hehas______________forayear.(die) (动词填空)
8.MissGaoleftanhourago. (同义句转换)MissGaohas_______________________anhourago.
Ⅳ.Askthequestions
1)Ihavebeentherefortwodays.
_____________________________you____________________?
2)Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.
____________________________yourfather___________________?
3)Helefthere yesterday.
_________________he___________________?
4)Theyboughtabook twohoursago.
_____________________they__________abook?
Ⅴ. Use“never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since”tofillintheblanks.
1.Ihave_______seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.
2.Jackhas_________finishedhishomework.
3.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.
4.“Haveyou________seenthefilm?
”“No,Ihave________seenit.”
5.“Hasthebusleft_______?
”“Yes,ithas_________left.”
现在完成时专项练习
一、翻译下列句子:
1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗?
___________________________________________________________
2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。
_________________________________________________________
3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。
________________________________________________________
4. 他已经吃过午饭 ________________________________________________________
5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗?
_________________________________________________________
6. 我哥哥还没回来。
______________________________________________________________
7.这本字典我已买了三年了。
__________________________________________________________
8.他离开中国三年了。
_________________________________________________________
9.我认识他们五年了。
____________________________________________________________
10.他们已去了美国五年了。
__________________________________________________________
11.自从他搬到济宁,他就住这儿了。
___________________________________________________
12.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。
__________________________________________________
13.自从1999年以来他们就认识。
_______________________________________________________
14.我来到这个学校已3年多了。
_______________________________________________________
二、用since和for填空
1.______twoyears 2.____twoyearsago 3.___lastmonth 4.______1999
5._______yesterday 6._______4o’clock 7._______4hours 8._____anhourago
9.___wewerechildren 10._____lunchtime11.____shelefthere
12.Hehaslivedin Nanjing ________theyearbeforelast. 13.I’veknownhim______wewerechildren.
14.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese______threeyears. 15.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity______abouttenyears.
16.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.
三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。
① arriveat/insp/getto/reachsp/come/go/movetosp
→ beinsp/atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethere
1)Hegotto Beijing fiveminutesago. He_____________ Beijing for______________________.
2)Imovedtothe USA in2008. I the USAsince .
3)Iwenthomeyesterday. I homefor .
4)Theycameherelastweek. They___________heresince_____________.
② cometo/gobackto /return to→ bebackto goout → beout
1)Hecameouttwoyearsago.He______________for____________.
2)Wereturnto Beijing yesterday.We_______________to Beijing since__________.
③ become → be
1)Ibecameateacherin2000. I________________ateacherfor_________________.
2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriver______________dirtyfor_______________.
④ close → beclosed open → beopen
1)Theshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop_____________________for_________________.
2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor________________________forsixhours.
⑤ getup → beup; die → bedead; leavesp. →beawayfromsp.
fallasleep/gettotsleep → beasleep; finish/end → beover;marry → bemarried;
1)Igotuptwohoursago.I_____________________since_______________.
2)Heleft Shanghai justnow.He__________________________ Shanghai forfiveminutes.
3)Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpa__________________for_______________.
4)Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeeting____________________forsixhours.
5)Igottosleeptwohoursago.I________________since__________________.
6)Theymarriedin1990. They___________________________since_________.
⑥ start/begintodosth. → dosth. ;begin → beon
1)Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995. I________atthis