4 SpellingCommon Words that Sound Alike文档格式.docx

4 SpellingCommon Words that Sound Alike文档格式.docx

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believe<

refusedtoaccepttheexplanation>

4a:

tomakeafavorableresponseto<

acceptanoffer>

toagreetoundertake（aresponsibility）<

acceptajob>

5:

toassumeanobligationtopay;

also:

totakeinpayment<

wedon'

tacceptpersonalchecks>

1.ex•cept（preposition）[Originallypastparticiple;

seemeaning3,below]withtheexclusionorexceptionof<

opendailyexceptSundays>

2.ex•cept（conjunction）

1:

onanyotherconditionthanthat;

unless<

youfacepunishmentexceptifyourepent>

withthefollowingexception<

wasinaccessibleexceptbyboat>

3:

only（oftenfollowedbythat）<

Iwouldgoexceptthatit'

stoofar>

Meaningsforlesscommonuses:

3.ex•cept（transitiveverb）[Latinexceptus,pastparticipleofexciperetotakeordrawout,toexcept;

ex-out+caperetotake]

Totakeorleaveout（anything）fromanumberorawhole;

toexclude;

toomit<

ifweonlyexcepttheunfitnessofthejudge,thetrialwasaperfectenactmentofjustice>

<

AdamandEvewereforbiddentotouchtheexceptedtree（pastparticiple）>

Wouldyouliketotryaninteractiveexerciseonusingacceptandexceptcorrectly?

AffectandEffect

Affect

1.af•fect（transitiveverb）[MiddleEnglish,fromaffectus,pastparticipleofafficere]

toproduceaneffectupon,asa:

toproduceamaterialinfluenceuponoralterationin<

paralysisaffectedhislimbs>

toactupon（asapersonoraperson'

smindorfeelings）soastobringaboutaresponse;

influence

Effect

1.ef•fect（noun）[MiddleEnglish,fromMiddleFrench&

Latin;

MiddleFrench,fromLatineffectus,fromefficeretobringabout,fromex-out（of）+faceretomake,do]

purport;

intent<

theeffectoftheirstatementwastoinciteanger>

basicmeaning;

essence<

herargumenthadtheeffectofapleaforjustice>

somethingthatinevitablyfollowsanantecedent（asacauseoragent）<

environmentaldevastationisoneeffectofuncheckedindustrialexpansion>

anoutwardsign;

appearance<

themakeupcreatedtheeffectofoldageontheirfaces>

4:

accomplishment;

fulfillment<

theeffectofyearsofhardwork>

powertobringaboutaresult;

influence<

thecontentitselfoftelevisionisthereforelessimportantthanitseffect>

6plural:

movableproperty;

goods<

personaleffects>

7a:

adistinctiveimpression<

thecolorgivestheeffectofbeingwarm>

thecreationofadesiredimpression<

hertearswerepurelyforeffect>

c

（1）:

somethingdesignedtoproduceadistinctiveordesiredimpression,usuallyusedinplural

（2）plural:

specialeffects

8:

thequalityorstateofbeingoperative;

operation<

thelawgoesintoeffectnextweek>

ineffect:

insubstance;

virtually<

thecommitteeagreedtowhatwasineffectareductioninthehourlywage>

totheeffect:

withthemeaning<

issuedastatementtotheeffectthathewouldresign>

Affect:

2.af•fect（transitiveverb）

tomakeadisplayoflikingorusing;

cultivate<

affectaworldlymanner>

toputonapretenseof;

feign<

affectindifference,thoughdeeplyhurt>

3.af•fect（noun）[pronunciation:

stressonfirstsyllable,unlikeverbformsofthisword]

theconscioussubjectiveaspectofanemotionconsideredapartfrombodilychanges<

hedisplayedadistressinglackofaffect>

2.ef•fect（transitiveverb）

tocausetocomeintobeing<

thecitizenswereabletoeffectachangeingovernmentpolicy>

2a:

tobringaboutoftenbysurmountingobstacles;

accomplish<

effectasettlementofadispute>

toputintooperation<

thedutyofthelegislaturetoeffectthewillofthecitizens>

Usage:

Theconfusionoftheverbsaffectandeffectnotonlyisquitecommonbuthasalonghistory.Theverbeffectwasusedinplaceofaffect（1,above）asearlyas1494andinplaceofaffect（2,above）asearlyas1652.Ifyouthinkyouwanttousetheverbeffectbutarenotcertain,checkthedefinitionshere.Thenounaffectissometimesmistakenlyusedforthenouneffect.Exceptwhenyourtopicispsychology,youwillseldomneedthenounaffect.

CommonWordsthatSoundAlike

Manywordssoundalikebutmeandifferentthingswhenputintowriting.Thislistwillhelpyoudistinguishbetweensomeofthemorecommonwordsthatsoundalike.Clickonanyoftheblueunderlinedlinkstoopenalongerandmorecompletedefinitionofthewordinanewwindow.

Advise,Advice

∙advise=verbthatmeanstorecommend,suggest,orcounsel:

Iadviseyoutobecautious.

∙advice=nounthatmeansanopinionorrecommendationaboutwhatcouldorshouldbedone:

I'

dliketoaskforyouradviceonthismatter.

Conscious,Conscience

∙conscious=adjectivemeaningawake,perceiving:

Despiteaheadinjury,thepatientremainedconscious.

∙conscience=nounmeaningthesenseofobligationtobegood:

Chriswouldn'

tcheatbecausehisconsciencewouldn'

tlethim.

Idea,Ideal

∙idea=nounmeaningathought,belief,orconceptionheldinthemind,orageneralnotionorconceptionformedbygeneralization:

Jenniferhadabrilliantidea--she'

dgototheWritingLabforhelpwithherpapers!

∙ideal=nounmeaningsomethingorsomeonethatembodiesperfection,oranultimateobjectorendeavor:

Mickeywastheidealfortutorseverywhere.

∙ideal=adjectivemeaningembodyinganultimatestandardofexcellenceorperfection,orthebest;

Jenniferwasanidealstudent.

Its,It'

s

∙its=possessiveadjective（possesiveformofthepronounit）:

Thecrabhadanunusualgrowthonitsshell.

∙it'

s=contractionforitisorithas（inaverbphrase）:

It'

sstillraining;

it'

sbeenrainingforthreedays.（Pronounshaveapostrophesonlywhentwowordsarebeingshortenedintoone.）

Lead,Led

∙lead=nounreferringtoadensemetallicelement:

TheX-raytechnicianworeavestlinedwithlead.

∙led=past-tenseandpast-participleformoftheverbtolead,meaningtoguideordirect:

Theevidenceledthejurytoreachaunanimousdecision.

Than,Then

Than

usedincomparisonstatements:

HeisricherthanI.

usedinstatementsofpreference:

Iwouldratherdancethaneat.

usedtosuggestquantitiesbeyondaspecifiedamount:

Readmorethanthefirstparagraph.

Then

atimeotherthannow:

Hewasyoungerthen.Shewillstarthernewjobthen.

nextintime,space,ororder:

Firstwemuststudy;

thenwecanplay.

suggestingalogicalconclusion:

Ifyou'

vestudiedhard,thentheexamshouldbenoproblem.

Their,There,They'

re

∙Their=possessivepronoun:

Theygottheirbooks.

∙There=thatplace:

Myhouseisoverthere.（Thisisaplaceword,andsoitcontainsthewordhere.）

∙They'

re=contractionfortheyare:

They'

remakingdinner.（Pronounshaveapostrophesonlywhentwowordsarebeingshortenedintoone.）

To,Too,Two

∙To=preposition,orfirstpartoftheinfinitiveformofaverb:

Theywenttothelaketoswim.

∙Too=very,also:

Iwastootiredtocontinue.Iwashungry,too.

∙Two=thenumber2:

Twostudentsscoredbelowpassingontheexam.

Two,twelve,andbetweenareallwordsrelatedtothenumber2,andallcontaintheletterstw.

Toocanmeanalsoorcanbeanintensifier,andyoumightsaythatitcontainsanextrao（"

onetoomany"

）

We'

re,Where,Were

∙We'

re=contractionforweare:

We'

regladtohelp.（Pronounshaveapostrophesonlywhentwowordsarebeingshortenedintoone.）

∙Where=location:

Whereareyougoing?

（Thisisaplaceword,andsoitcontainsthewordhere.）

∙Were=apasttenseformoftheverbbe:

Theywerewalkingsidebyside.

Your,You'

∙Your=possessivepronoun:

Yourshoesareuntied.

∙You'

re=contractionforyouare:

You'

rewalkingaroundwithyourshoesuntied.（Pronounshaveapostrophesonlywhentwowordsarebeingshortenedintoone.）

OneWordorTwo?

Allready/already

∙allready:

usedasanadjectivetoexpresscompletepreparedness

∙already:

anadverbexpressingtime

AtlastIwasallreadytogo,buteveryonehadalreadyleft.

Allright/alright

∙allright:

usedasanadjectiveoradverb;

olderandmoreformalspelling,morecommoninscientific&

academicwriting:

Willyoubeallrightonyourown?

∙alright:

Alternatespellingofallright;

lessfrequentbutusedofteninjournalisticandbusinesspublications,andespeciallycommonin

fictionaldialogue:

Hedoesalrightinschool.

Alltogether/altogether

∙alltogether:

anadverbmeaningconsideredasawhole,summedup:

Alltogether,therewerethirty-twostudentsatthemuseum.

∙altogether:

anintensifyingadverbmeaningwholly,completely,entirely:

Hiscommentraisesanaltogetherdifferentproblem.

Anyone/anyone

∙anyone:

apronounmeaninganypersonatall:

Anyonewhocansolvethisproblemdeservesanaward.

∙anyone:

apairedadjectiveandnounmeaningaspecificiteminagroup;