以读促写 提高高中生英语写作能力的有效途径Word下载.docx
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Abstract:
EFL(Englishasaforeignlanguage)writingisoneofthefourbasicskillsofEnglishlearning.However,EFLwriting,asahighlycomplexproductiveactivity,hasalwaysbeenabigproblemtostudentsinseniorhighschools.MostofthestudentsmayfeelperplexedwhenconfrontingEFLwritingandalwaysgethalftheresultwithtwicetheeffort.Luckily,reading-to-writingapproachcaneffectivelyenlargethestudents’amountofvocabulary,promotetheirabilityinusingwordsandarrangingsentences,enrichtheirwritingmaterials,obtainwritingskillsandcultivatetheirsenseofEnglishlanguageandcompositionstructures.Thisthesis,throughananalysisofthepresentsituationofEnglishwritinginseniorhighschoolsandexpositionsofthenatureofandtherelationshipbetweenreadingandwriting,aimstoprovethenecessityandfeasibilityofreading-to-writingapproachandputforwardreading-to-writingapproachinEFLwritingpractice.Adoptingreading-to-writingapproachinourEFLwritingpracticepersistently,wewillimproveourEFLwritingabilityeffectively.
KeyWords:
EFLreadingandwriting;
reading-to-writing;
writingability;
effectiveapproach
“以读促写”提高高中生英语写作能力的有效途径
[摘要]英语写作是英语学习的四个基本技能之一。
然而,英语写作一直是捆扰我国高中生的一大难题。
英语写作作为一个高度复杂的产出性活动,许多学生在面对英语写作时往往不知从何下手,在英语写作方面的努力往往也是事倍功半。
以读促写法能有效地拓展词汇量、丰富写作素材、习得写作技巧、提高遣词造句的能力以及培养语感和篇章结构意识。
因此,本文通过分析目前高中英语写作的现状和阐述阅读与写作的本质以及阅读与写作的关系,说明了以读促写的必要性和可行性以及如何在英语写作实践中运用以读促写的方法。
掌握以读促写的方法并持之以恒地将这种方法运用到英语写作实践当中去,我们便能够有效地提高英语写作能力。
[关键词]英语阅读;
英语写作;
以读促写;
写作能力;
有效途径
1Introduction
Nowadays,communicationbetweendifferentnationsandculturesincreasesdramatically.English,asaninternationallanguage,isbecomingmoreandmoreimportantandisusedmoreandmorewidelyinourdailylife.AsLiuYe(刘烨,2006)concludesthatEnglishasaforeignlanguagehasbecomeasureaccesstoinformationofallsortsandanindispensablemeansofinternationalcommunication.Asaresult,EnglishlearningfeversweepsthroughChinainthoseyears.Particularly,studentsinseniorhighschoolsaretryingeveryefforttoimprovetheirEnglishcompetencebecausetheyknowthatEnglishisnotonlyacompulsorycourseinUniversityEntranceExaminationbutalsoatoolinfuturecareer.
Atpresent,notafewseniorhighschoolshaveadoptedSEFC(SeniorEnglishforChina)textbookastheteachingmaterial.AccordingtotheNewEnglishCurriculumStandardsforseniorhighschools,listening,speaking,readingandwritingarefourbasicskillsandrequirementsforthestudents.Readingandwritingarethemostimportantskillsforstudentsinseniorhighschools.JustasXiongJie(熊杰,2005)pointsoutthatbothreadingandwritingarepowerfulandhighlyindividualtoolsforthinking,learninganddiscoveringandbothperformthefunctionofcommunication.LiuYe(刘烨,2006)alsosays:
“withtheshiftfromtheabilityofmanipulatingthelinguisticstructuretotheabilityofusingthelanguagetocommunicateinwritten/spokenformsinEnglish,EFLwritingwasconsideredasatoolforpeopletocommunicateinarealsituation.”Thatistosay,EFLwritingisvitaltoourindividualdevelopment.Asamatteroffact,EFL(Englishasaforeignlanguage)writinghasbeenappliedmoreandmoreinourEnglishstudyandfuturecareer.Forinstance,weneedtowritecompositionsinexams,tocommunicateorexchangeinformationwithourfriendswhosenativelanguageisEnglish,towriteapplicationsforworkorstudyabroad,etc..
However,weprobablyfindthatourEFLwritingabilityisnotsoencouragingandsatisfactorythoughwehavelearnedEnglishforseveralyearsinprimaryandmiddleschools.ManyofusstilldoaverypoorjobinapplyingEnglishtoexpressourideas,thoughts,feelings,etc.inEFLwriting.SomemayevennotabletoproduceasinglecorrectsentenceinEFLwriting.Wemayshareasamefeelingthatweactuallyhavesomethingtowriteandwanttowrite,butwejustcannotexpressitcorrectlyandappropriatelyinEnglish.Yet,mostofustendtotreatreadingandwritingseparatelyandunawaretocombinewritingwithreadingtoimproveourEFLwritingability.Infact,wereadalotofEnglishmaterialsinourEnglishlearninganddoanicejobinreadingcomprehension.
TochangethepoorperformanceinEFLwritingandimproveourwritingability,wearehighlyrecommendedtointegratewritingwithreading.Reading-to-writingapproachadvocatesapplyingwhatwehavelearnedinthereadingmaterialstowrite.Itcaneffectivelyenlargetheamountofvocabularyintheprocessofreading,provideusideasandbackgroundknowledgeforwriting,improveourreadingspeedandquality,broadenourmindandshowushowtousewords,howtoarrangesentences,howtoorganizecompositionsandhowtoachievecoherenceandunityinEFLwriting.Applingreading-to-writingapproachappropriately,wewillfindthattheEFLwritinginourexaminationsisnomorethanapieceofcake.Inthisway,wecanimproveourEFLwritingabilityeffectivelyandefficiently.
2ThepresentsituationofEnglishwritinginseniorhighschools
Inthefirstplace,mostofuslackofsufficientEFLwritingpractice.InEnglishlearning,wehaverealizedtheimportanceofreadingandpaidmuchattentiontoimproveourEnglishreadingcomprehensionability,butweusuallytendtoignorethetrainingofEnglishwriting.DifferentfromEnglishreading,Englishwriting,asahighlycomplexproductiveactivity,isanactivitythatrequiresmuchmoretimeandenergy.So,weusuallydon’tfeelliketowriteunlessweareassignedtodoso.Moreover,owingtothelimitationoftimeandheavylearningtasks,agoodmanyofussparelittletimeonEnglishwritinganddevelopnointerestinEFLwriting.Thus,it’shardforustoformahabitofwritinginourEnglishlearning.Consequently,weusuallyfeelperplexedandconfusedwhenconfrontingEFLwritinganddoverypoorjobsinourEnglishwriting.That’swhywearealwaysafraidofEFLwritingandgetfrustrationinEnglishwriting.What’sworse,weareafraidofEFLwritingduetoinsufficientpracticeandwedon’tliketopracticeEnglishwritingforourfearofEFLwriting.Thisisaviciouscircle.
TheothersituationisthatwelearnandacquirefewwritingskillsinourclassroomEnglishlearning.OurteachersseldomteachuswritingskillsinEFLwritingteaching;
theyusuallyassignawritingtaskforustowriteafterclasswithoutanyguidance.Afterclass,weoftenspendhoursonitandatlasthandinapieceofwritingthatdiscouragingbothourselvesandtheteachers.Besides,ourteachersusuallygivefewcommentsandguidanceaboutwritingskillswhileevaluatingourworkssothatwegetlittleformourEFLwritingpractices.WithoutsoundEnglishwritingskills,it’sdifficultorevenimpossibleforustowriteagoodEnglishcomposition.
Moreover,weexposetoagreatamountofEnglishreadingmaterialsinourdailyEnglishlearning.WehaveatleastfiveEnglishclasseseveryweek;
besides,wealsodoalotofreadingexercisesandEnglishtestsinourEnglishlearning.It’sestimatedthatwemayinput300Englishwordseverydayonaverage.
Thelastnotleast,wedonotknowhowtoapplytheinformationandlanguageknowledgelearnedfromEnglishreadingmaterialstoimproveourwritingabilitythoughwereadalot.Ifwedon’tapplywhatwehaveobtainedfromthereadingmaterials,weareactuallywastinganicewaytoimproveourEFLwritingability.
Nowit’sobviouslythatwearenotonlyafraidofEFLwritingbutalsodon’tknowhowtowriteandhowtoapplywhatwehaveobtainedfromthereadingmaterialstoimproveourEFLwritingabilitywhilewedoalotofEnglishreading.Thus,weusuallyperformverypoorinEFLwriting.Inaword,thesituationofEnglishwritinginseniorhighschoolsisnotsopleasantandsatisfactory.However,nowadays,moreandmoreemphasishasbeenlaidonourproductiveactivities.AccordingtotheNewEnglishCurriculumStandards,seniorhighschoolsstudentsaresupposedtobeabletowriteashortEnglishcompositionabout100wordsintwentyfiveminutestoexpresstheirideasclearlywithoutmakingseriousgrammaticalmistakes.Therefore,aneffectiveapproachisurgentlyrequiredtochangeourunsatisfactoryperformanceinEFLwritingandimproveourEFLwritingability.
3Thenatureofreadingandwriting
Toillustratetheeffectivenessofreading-to-writingapproach,weshouldfirstlymakeclearaboutwhatreadingisandwhatwritingis.Thissectionattemptstoillustratethenatureofreadingandwriting.
3.1Thenatureofreading
Wereceivealotofinformationinourdailylifeandstudy;
readingisthemostusualandeffectivewaytogetit.Wereadallkindsofreadingmaterials,forinstance,newspapers,books,journalsormagazines,etc.togetinformation.Butwemayneverthinkofthenatureofreading.Itisnecessaryforustomakeclearaboutthenatureofreading,because“ifthestudentsfailtounderstandthenatureofreading,theywilladoptinappropriateandineffectivereadingstrategies(王蔷,2000:
111)”.
AccordingtoLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish(Thefourthedition),theterm“reading”canmean:
“theactivityorskillofunderstandingwrittenwords”,“booksandotherthingsthatyoucanread”or“yourwayofunderstandingaparticularstatement,situation,event,etc.”(RandolphQuirk,2003:
1363).
Whilereading,wenotonlyprocesstheinformationandstoretheinformationinour“database”,butalsointerpretthereadingmaterialsbasedonourpriorknowledgeandformouropinionsaboutthereadingmaterials.Inreading,weattempttoreconstructwhatthewritermeansaswellastouseourownkn