中学生英语学习常见错误一览表Word文档下载推荐.docx
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beautiful
[误]Heisabeautifulboy.
[正]Heisahandsomeboy.
[析]我们可以讲Sheisabeautifulgirl.Thisisabeautifulpark.但要讲男人的"
英俊"
时要用handsome.
because
[误]ThereasonwhyIwaslateisbecauseIwasill.
[正]ThereasonwhyIwaslateisthatIwasill.
[误]BecauseitwasSunday,sotheparkwascrowded.
[正]BecauseitwasSundaytheparkwascrowded.
[析]这种错误是因为中文的习惯与英语的表述法不同,中文常讲我来晚了的原因是因为我病了,而英文中的第二个因为要用that代替。
又因中文常讲因为……所以……,而英文中用了因为就不能再用所以了,同样用了"
所以"
也就不要再用"
因为"
一词。
例如:
Becausewestudyhard,wepassedtheexameasily.或者:
westudyhardsowepassedtheexameasily.
becausebecauseof
because后要接从句,例如:
welikephysicsbecausewecanlearnalotofnewideas.而becauseof后要接名词作介词宾语,如:
Heisnotatschoolbecauseoftheillness.
before
[误]wehavetwohourstokillbeforewewillgohome.
[正]wehavetwohourstokillbeforewegohome.
[析]killtime意为"
消磨时光"
。
英语状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。
如:
Ifitrainswewillnotgotothepark.
[误]Ididthisworktwodaysbefore.
[正]Ididthisworktwodaysago.
[析]用ago组成的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词要用过去时,而before引起的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词多用完成时,如:
Ihasdonethisworkafewdaysbefore.
beforelonglongbefore
beforelong是"
不久"
之意,例如:
IshallgotoAmericabeforelong.而longbefore则是"
很久很久"
之意,如:
weknewthisteacherlongbeforewesawhim.
begin
[误]Themeetingwillbeginfrommonday.
[正]Themeetingwillbeginonmonday.
[误]Thefilmhasbegunfortenminutes.
[正]Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.
[析]begin是瞬间动词,所以它的完成时态不能接表示一段时间的状语,如:
Thefilmhasbegun.这句话是对的,即"
电影已经开始"
但要讲已经开始10分钟了则要用hasbeenon即"
上演了10分钟"
beginstart
begin与start两词后面加不定式或动名词都可以,且意思并无区别,但在表达习惯时接动名词的用法较多,如:
HowoldwernyouwhenyoufirststartedlearningEnglish?
但这两个词的进行时态中则多用不定式,如:
Iwasbeginningtogethungry.但如果句子的主语是物而不是人,则多用不定式,如:
Theicebegantomelt.Itstartedtogetdarkbeforewegottoschool.当动词是表达某种心理状态时,要用不定式,如:
Thestudentbegantounderstandhismistakes.
[误]Theystudyhardintheclassfromthebeginningtotheend.
[正]Theystudyhardintheclassfrombeginningtoend.
[析]frombeginningtoend是习惯用法,即自始至终,不要加冠词,但如单独使用则要加冠词,例如:
Atthebeginning,theteachergaveusanexam.
behind
[误]Hemissedtheclassbecausehewasbehindthetime.
[正]Hemissedtheclassbecausehewasbehindtime.
[析]behindtime一短语意为"
晚了"
,而behindthetimes意为"
落后于时代"
behind是介词同时又是副词,如comeoutfrombehindthedoor.He'
salongwaybehind.Hefellbehindwithhisclassmates.
below
[误]what'
sthatbelowthechair.
[正]what'
sthatunderthechair.
[析]under意为"
正下方"
,而below意为"
比……低"
,或指"
在下游"
Thereisafallbelowtheriver.其反义词为over,如:
Thereisabigplaneflyingoverthecity.但在"
下面的例子"
一表达语中则要用theexamplebelow,而不要用under.
beside
[误]Thestudentsstoodbesidestheteacher.
[正]Thestudentsstoodbesidetheteacher.
[误]IstudyEnglishbesidechinese.
[正]IstudyEnglishbesideschinese.
[析]beside意为"
在……旁边"
,而besides是"
除……以外"
besidebynear
beside意为"
在……旁"
,如:
Thereisatalltreebesidetheriver.by多指"
倚、靠"
、"
沿着"
Sheisstandingbythewindow.near多用来表示两地间距离不远,如:
Thereisapostofficenearourschool.
better
[误]youhadbettertodoitathome.
[正]youhadbetterdoitathome.
[误]youhadn'
tbetterwakemeupatsix.
[正]youhadbetternotwakemeupatsix.
[析]hadbetter在肯定句中为"
应该作某事"
,其后加不带to的不定式,而在否定句中应用hadbetter+not+动词原形。
在简答语中had常省略为'
d,如:
you'
dbetternot.又如:
Let'
sgofirst.No,we'
dbetternot.
between
[误]Amongthetwotreesthereisaspaceofthefeet.
[正]Betweenthetwotreesthereisaspaceofthefeet.
[析]两者之间多用between,三者或三者以上之间则用among.
[误]youmustchoosebetweenthiscluborthatclub.
[正]youmustchoosebetweenthisclubandthatclub.
[析]在两个之间作出选择要用between…and…,而不能用between…or….
big
[误]Therewasabigrainlastnight.
[正]Therewasaheavyrainlastnight.
[析]大雨在英语中只能用aheavyrain而不要用abigrain.
bit
[误]Heisabitfool.
[正]Heisabitofafool.
[析]abit可以作程度副词,与alittle相同,但它用于名词前应用abitof,而用于形容词前则应用abit,如:
I'
mabittired,而其简答的否定句应为Notabit,又如:
-DoyoumindifIopenthedoor?
-Notabit.
black
[误]Thechildrenbecameblackafterswimminginthesea.
[正]Thechildrenbecamesunburnedafterswimminginthesea.
[析]因太阳照晒而皮肤变黑,不应用black而应用sunburned,suncolour或dark.
[误]Thegirlhasblackeyesandblack
hair.
[正]Thegirlhasdarkeyesandblackhair.
[析]英语中blackeyes的意思是被打得发青的眼睛。
[误]TheEuropeanslikeredtea.
[正]TheEuropeanslikeblacktea.
[析]红茶在英文中应为blacktea.这种惯用法还有:
blackandblue;
blackandwhite。
goblack意为"
在失去知觉时眼前一片黑暗"
;
lookblack意为"
情况不妙,前景暗淡"
Afterthefighthewasblackandblue.onTV,Ilikecolourforsomethingandblackandwhiteforothers.
body
[误]Goingtobedearlierandgettingupearlierisgoodforyourbody.
[正]Goingtobedearlierandgettingupearlierisgoodforyourhealth.
[析]中文常讲对你身体有利,而英文中则讲对你健康有利。
borrow
[误]mayIlendsomebooksfromthelibrary?
[正]mayIborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary?
[误]HowlongcanIborrowit?
[正]HowlongcanIkeepit?
[析]英语中有三个词都可译为"
借"
,但意义各不相同如:
借入"
是borrow,其常用句型结构是borrowsomethingfromsomebody,这是个瞬间性动词,不可与表示延续的时间状语连用。
Thestudentswanttoborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary."
借出"
用lend,即借给别人东西。
其常用句型是lendsomebodysomething,或lendsomethingtosomebody.例如:
couldyoulendusyourdictionary?
或couldyoulendyourdictionarytous?
它也是瞬间性动词,也不能与延续的时间状语连用。
keep则是延续性动词,可以和表示长时间段的时间状语连用,也可与howlong等疑问词连用,如:
youcankeepitforthreedays.
born
[误]IborninShanghai.
[正]IwasborninShanghai.
[误]HewasbornfromGreekparents.
[正]HewasbornofGreekparents.
出身于……样的家庭"
不要作from而要用of,例如:
Hewasbornofapoorfamily.
both
[误]Theybotharestudents.
[正]Theyarebothstudents.
[误]Theyrefusebothtoanswerthisquestion.
[正]Theybothrefusetoanswerthisquestion.
[析]both作同位语时,一般要用在be动词之后实意动词之前。
[误]Iknowhisbothparents.
[正]Iknowbothhisparents.
[误]Thebothbrotherswerestudents.
[正]Boththebrotherswerestudents.
[正]Bothbrotherswerestudents.
[析]当both与形容词性物主代词my,his,her等以及定冠词the连用时,都应将这些词置于both之后。
另外,在与定冠词连用时the可以省略。
[误]Bothofmyparentsarenotathome.
[正]Neitherofmyparentsareathome.
[误]Bothofyouranswersarenotright.
[正]Neitherofyouranswersisright.
[正]Bothyouranswersarewrong.
[析]both不能用于否定句中作主语。
表示"
两者都不"
时要用neither;
但作宾语时both与either则都对,但要注意句意有所不同。
Icannotgivebothofthebookstoyou.而Icannotgiveeitherofthebookstoyou.
bring
[误]PleasebringthisdictionarytomrBrown.
[正]PleasetakethisdictionarytomrBrown.
[误]Nexttime,pleasetakeyourlittlesisterhere.
[正]Nexttime,pleasebringyourlittlesisterhere.
[析]英语中bring是"
带来"
,而take是"
带走"
还有一个词fetch,表示"
到某处去把某物取、接回来"
Pleasefetchthedoctoratonce.
business
[误]myfatherwenttoShanghaiforbusiness.
[正]myfatherwenttoShanghaionbusiness.
[析]onbusiness出差
busy
[误]Thestudentswereverybusytopreparefortheexam.
[正]Thestudentswereverybusypreparingfortheexam.
[析]bebusydoingsomething为"
忙于作某事"
[误]Thestudentswerebusyfortheexam.
[正]Thestudentswerebusywiththeexam.
[析]busy直接接名词时应用with.
but
[误]Hecouldn'
thelpbutrealizingthathewaswrong.
[正]Hecouldn'
thelpbutrealizethathewaswrong.
[误]Shecouldn'
thelptocrywhenshesawhermother.
[正]Shecouldn'
thelpcryingwhenshesawhermother.
[析]couldn'
thelp其后应接动名词,表示情不自禁的动作,但couldn'
thelpbut后面要加动词原形即省to的不定式,所以前一句应译为"
他才真正认识到他错了。
buy
[误]Ihaveboughtthisdictionaryforthreeyears.
[正]Ihavehadthisdictionaryforthreeyears.
[析]buy是截止性动词,它可以有完成时,如:
Ihaveboughtthisdictionary.但是不能与表示较长的时间状语连用。
如要讲我这本字典已买了3年了则要用havehad这一结构即我拥有这本字典已3年了。
by
[误]Theboyshotthecatbyagun.
[正]Theboyshotthecatwithagun.
[误]Hecametoschoolbyataxithismorning.
[正]Hecametoschoolbytaxithismorning.
[析]作为某种运输手段来讲,by与名词间不能有冠词,如:
bycar,bybike,byair等。
如有了冠词或其他修饰词,则应用别的相应的介词,如:
我们今天早上是乘他的车来的"
一句应译为:
wecamehereinhiscarthismorning.与by结合而成的词组很多,常用的有:
bytheway顺便说说;
byhand手工制作;
byoneself独自地;
bynomeans决不。
c
call
llcallatmrBrown.
llcallonmrBrown.
llcallonmrBrown'
shome.
llcallatmrBrown'
[析]作"
拜访"
讲时,at后面接访问地点,而on后面接访问的人。
callondropinvisit
callon比较正式的为公务的访问,如:
wewerecalledonbytheoldstudents.而dropin则是比较随便的走走,顺便拜访,如:
Ifyou'
refree,dropin.而visit则是更正式的外交访问或友好往来,如:
myschool'
sheadmasterwillvisitAmericanextweek.
can
[误]Ablindmancannotjudgecolours.
[正]Ablindmancannotjudgecolours.
[误]Icann'
tcallforyouatten.
[正]Ican'
[析]can的否定形式应为cannot或can'
t.
[误]It'
sonlysixo'
clock.Thatmustn'
tbethepostman.
[正]It'
clock.Thatcan'
[析]must用来表示一种肯定的推断,如:
Shemusthavesomeproblems.Shekeepscrying.但在否定句中则要用can'
t,要表示对过去的推测则要用"
must+have+过去分词"
的表达法,如:
Thelightshavegoneout.Afusemusthaveblown.而对过去的否定推测则多用"
can'
t+have+过去分词"
Idon'
tthinkhecanhaveheardyou.callagain.
[误]wecouldnothelptolaughatonce.
[正]wecouldnothelplaughingatonce.
[正]wecouldnothelpbutlaughatonce.
couldn'
thelp+动名词"
表示禁不住做了某事。
但couldnothelpbut与couldnotbut后面要加不带to的不定式,意思都是不得不去做某事.如:
youcouldnotbutrespecthim.
canbeableto
can与beableto都可以用来表示能力,但can只有现在时与过去时,beableto则可用任何时态,如:
Hewillbeabletoteachthechild.但要表示经过努力而达到的一次性动作则只能用beableto,如:
Hefinallywasabletojumpover210meters.或:
Theplanewasabletoflyoverthemountain.但要注意的是这两个词都没有进行时态,而beableto后面不接不定式的被动态。
cancould
can与could都可以用在现在时的口语中,只是用could更为礼貌,语气更委婉。
couldyoutellusastory?
care
[误]Idon'
tcarecoffee.
[正]Idon'
tcareforcoffee.
[误]Takecareforyoursteps.
[正]Takecareofyoursteps.
[析]carefor是"
对某物感兴趣"
,而careof是"
关心,要当心某事"
Shedidn'
tcareforhim.Takecareofwhatyouaredoing.
tcarewherewewillgoifitdoesn'
train.
tcarewherewegoifitdoesn'
[析]在itdoesn'
tmatter,Idon'
tcare,Idon'
tmind,及incase引出的状语从句后面要用现在时表示将来。
vegotafootballincasewehavetimeforagame.
change
[误]Iwanttochangemycamerawiththa