英语四级试题Word文档格式.docx
《英语四级试题Word文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语四级试题Word文档格式.docx(18页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
Wehumans,likeallwarm-bloodedanimals,cankeepourcorebodytemperaturesprettymuchconstantregardlessofwhat’sgoingonintheworldaroundus.Wedothisbyalteringourmetabolic(新陈代新的)rate,shiveringorsweating.Keepingwarmandstayingcooltakeenergyunlessweareinthe“thermo-neutralzone”,whichisincreasinglywherewechoosetoliveandwork.
Thereisnodenyingthatambienttemperatures(环境温度)havechangedinthepastfewdecades.Between1970and2000,theaverageBritishhomewarmedfromachilly13Cto18C.IntheUS,thechangeshavebeenattheotherendofthethermometerastheproportionofhomeswithairconditioningsrosefrom23%to47%between1978and1997.Inthesouthernstates–whereobesityratestendtobehighest–thenumberofhouseswithairconditioninghasshotupto71%from37%in1978.
Couldairconditioninginsummerandheatinginwinterreallymakeadifferencetoourweight?
Sadly,thereissomeevidencethatitdoes-atleastwithregardtoheating.Studiesshowthatincomfortabletemperaturesweuselessenergy.
3.Lesssmoking
Badnews:
smokersreallydotendtobethinnerthantherestofus,andquittingreallydoespackonthepounds,thoughnooneisnsurewhy.Itprobablyhassomethingtodowiththefactthatnicotineisanappetitesuppressantandappearstoupyourmetabolicrate.
KatherineFlegalandcolleagresattheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatisticsinHyattsville,Maryland,havecalculatedthatpeoplekickingthehabithavebeenrespousibleforasmallbutsignificantportionoftheUSepidemicoffatness.Fromdatacollectedaroud1991bytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey,theyworkedoutthatpeoplewhohadquitinthepreviousdecadeweremuchmorelikelytobeoverweightthansmokersandpeoplewhohadneversmoked.Amongmen,forexample,nearlyhalfofquitterswereoverweightcomparedwith37%ofnon-smokersandonly28%ofsmokers.
4.Geneticeffects
Yourschancesofbecomingfatmaybeset,atleastinpart,beforeyouwereevenborn.childrenofboesemothersaremuchmorelikelytobecomeobestthemselveslaterinlife.Offspringofmicefedahigh-fatdietduringpregnancyaremuchmorelikelytobecomefatthantheoffspringofidenticalmicefedanormaldiet.Intriguingly,theeffectpersistsfortwoorthreegenerations.Grand-childrenofmicefedahigh-fatdietgrowupfateveniftheirownmotherisfednormally-soyoufatemayhavebeensealedevenbeforeyouwereconceived.
5.Alittleolder…
Somegroupsofpeoplejusthappentobefatterthanothers.surveyscarriedoutbytheUSnationalcenterforhealthstatistiesfoundthatadultsaged40to79werearoundthreetimesaslikelytobeobeseasyoungerpeople.non-whitefemalesalsotendtofallatthefatterendofthespectreum:
Mexican-americanwomenare30%morelikelythanwhitewomentobeobsess,andblackwomenhavetwicetherisk.
IntheUS,thesegroupsaccountforanincreasingpercentageofthepopulation.between1970and2000theUSpopulationaged35to44grewby43%.theproportionofHispanic-americansalsogrew,fromunder5%to12.5%ofthepopulation,whiletheproportionofblackAmericansincreasedfrom11%to12.3%.thesechangesmayaccountinpartfortheincreasedprevalenceofobesity.
6.maturemums
Mothersaroundtheworldaregettingolder.intheUK,themeanageforavingafristchildis27.3,comparedwith23.7in1970.meanageatfristbirthintheUShasalsoincreased,risingfrom21.4in1970to24.9in2000.
Thiswouldbeneitherherenorthereifitwere’tfortheobservationthathavinganoldermotherseemstobeanindependentriskfactorforobesity.ResultsfromtheUSnationalheart,lungandbloodinstitute’sstudyfoundthattheoddsofachildbeingobeseincrease14%foreveryfiveextrayearsoftheirmother’sage,thoughwhythisshouldbesoisnotentirelyclear.
MichaelSymondsattheuniversityofNottingham,UK,foundthatfirst-bronchildrenhavemorefatthanyoungerones.Asfamilysizedecreases,firstbronsaccountforagreathershareofthepopulation.In1964,britishwomengavebirthtoanaverageof2.95children;
by2005thatfigurehadfallento1.79.intheUSin1976,9.6%ofwomanintheir40shadonlyonechile;
in2004itwas17.4%.thiscombinationofoldermothersandmoresinglechildrencouldbecontributingtotheobesityepidemic.
7.Likemarryinglike
Justaspeoplepairoffaccordingtolooks,sotheydoforsize.Leanpeoplearemorelikelytomarryleanandfatmorelikelytomarryfat.Onitsown,likemarryinglikecannotaccountforanyincreaseinobesity.Butcombinedwithothers-particularlythefactthatobesityispartlygenetic,andthatheavierpeoplehavemorechildren-itamplifiestheincreaseformothercauses.
1.A)effectsofobesityonpeople’shealth
B)thelinkbetweenlifestyleanobesity
C)Newexplanationsfortheobesityepidemic
D)possiblewaystocombattheobesityepidemic
2.A)gainedtheleastweight
B)wereinclinedtoeatless
C)foundtheirvigorenhanced
D)werelesssusceptibletoillness
3.A)itmakesussleepy
B)itcausessleeploss
C)itincreasesourappetite
D)itresultsfromlackofsleep
4.A)itmakesusstayindoorsmore
B)itacceleratesourmetabolicrate
C)itmakesusfeelmoreenergetic
D)itcontributestoourweightgain
5.A)itthreatenstheirhealth
B)itheightenstheirspirits
C)itsuppressestheirappetite
D)itslowsdowntheirmetabolism
6.A)heavysmokers
B)passivesmokers
C)thosewhoneversmoke
D)thosewhoquitsmoking
7.A)thegrowingnumberofsmokersamongyoungpeople
B)therisingproportionofminoritiesinitspopulation
C)theincreasingconsumptionofhigh-caloriefoods
D)theimprovinglivingstandardsofthepoorpeople
8.accordingtotheUSNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstitute,thereasonwhyoldermothers’childrentendtobeobeseremainsnotentirelyclear
9.AccordingtoMichaelSymonds,onefactorcontributingtotheobesityepidemicisdecreaseoffamilysize
10whentwoheavypeoplegetmarried,chancesoftheirchildrengettingfatincrease,becauseobesityispartygenetiz
PartIII
SectionA
11.A)Heisquiteeasytorecognize
B)heisanoutstandingspeaker
C)helookslikeamoviestar
D)helooksyoungforhisage
12.A)consultherdancingteacher
B)takeamoreinterestingclass
C)continueherdancingclass
D)improveherdancingskills
13.A)themandidnotbelievewhatthewomansaid
B)themanaccompaniedthewomantothehospital
C)thewomanmaybesufferingfromrepetitivestraininjury
D)thewomanmaynotfollowedthedoctor’sinstructions
14.A)theyarenotinstyleanymore
B)theyhavecosthimfartoomuch
C)theynolongersuithiseyesight
D)theyshouldbecleanedregularly
15.A)hespilledhisdrinkontothefloor
B)hehasjustfinishedwipingthefloor
C)hewascaughtinashoweronhiswayhome
D)herushedoutofthebathtoanswerthephone
16.A)fixingsomefurniture
B)repairingthetoytrain
C)readingtheinstructions
D)assemblingthebookcase
17.A)urgeJennytospendmoretimeonstudy
B)helpJennytoprepareforthecomingexams
C)acttowardsJennyinamoresensibleway、
D)sendJennytoavolleyballtrainingcenter
18.A)Thebuildingofthedamneedsalargebudget
B)theproposedsiteisneartheresidentialarea
C)thelocalpeoplefelinsecureaboutthedam
D)thedamposesathreattothelocalenvironment
Question19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard
19A.Itsawtheendofitsboomingyearsworldwide
B.Itsproductionandsalesreachedrecordlevels.
C.Itbecamepopularinsomeforeigncountries
D.Itsdomesticmarketstartedtoshrinkrapidly.
20.A.Theycostless.
B.Theytastedbetter.
C.Theywereinfashion.
D.Theywerewidelyadvertised.
21.A.Itissuretofluctuate.
B.Iti