英语四级试题Word下载.docx

英语四级试题Word下载.docx

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Gettingyourownchildrentoplayniceisdifficultenough.Dealingwithotherpeople‘schildrenhasbecomeaminefield.

Inmyhouse,jumpingonthesofaisnotallowed.Inmysister‘shouseit‘sencouraged.Forher,it‘saboutkidsbeingkids:

‖Ifyoucan‘tdoitatthree,whencanyoudoit?

Eachofthesephilosophiesisvalidand,ithastobesaid,mysonlovesvisitinghisaunt‘shouse.ButIfindmyselfsaying―no‖alotwhenherkidsareoveratmine.That‘sOKbetweensistersbutbecomes

dangerousterritorywhenyou‘retalkingtothechildrenoffriendsoracquaintances.

“Kidsaren‘tallraisedthesame,‖agreesProfessorNaomiWhiteofMonashUniversity.‖Butthereisstillanideathatthey‘rethepropertyoftheparent.Weseeourchildrenasanextensionof

ourselves,soifyou‘resayingthatmychildisbehavinginappropriately,thenthat‘ssomehowacriticismofme.‖

Inthosecircumstances,it‘sdifficulttoknowwhethertoapproachthechilddirectlyortheparentfirst.

Therearetwoschoolsofthought.

“I’dgotothechildfirst,”saysAndrewFuller,authorofTrickyKids.Usuallyaquietreminderthat’wedon’tdothathere’isenough.Kidsnavefinelytunedantennae（直觉）forhowtobehave

indifferentsettings.”

Hepointsoutbringingitupwiththeparentfirstmaymakethemfeelneglectful,whichcouldcauseproblems.Ofcourse,approachingthechildfirstcanbringitsownheadaches,too.ThisiswhyWhiterecommendsthatyouapproachtheparentsfirst.Raiseyourconcernswiththeparentsifthey‘rethereandaskthemtodealwithit,‖shesays.

Askedhowtoapproachaparentinthissituation,psychologistMeredithFulleranswers:

‖Explainyourneedsaswellasstressingtheimportanceofthefriendship.Prefaceyourremarkswithsomethinglike:

‘Iknowyou‘llthinkI‘msillybutinmyhouseIdon‘twant…‘‖

Whenitcomestosituationswhereyou‘recaringforanotherchild,whiteisstraightforward:

―commonsensemustprevail.Ifthingsdon‘tgowell,thenhaveachat.‖

There‘reacoupleofnewgreyareas.Physicalpunishment,onceacceptedfromanyadult,isnolongerappropriate.―Anewsetofconsiderationshascometotheforeaspartofthedebateabouthowwehandlechildren.‖

ForAndrewFuller,thechild-centricnatureofoursocietyhasaffectedeveryone:

‖Therulesaredifferentnowfromwhentoday‘sparentsweregrowingup,‖hesays,―Adultsarescaredofsaying:

‘don‘tswear‘,oraskingachildtostanduponabus.They‘reworriedthattherewillbe

conflictiftheypointthesethingsout–eitherfromolderchildren,ortheirparents.‖

Heseesitasalossofthesenseofcommonpublicgoodandpubliccourtesy（礼貌）,andsaysthat

adultssufferformitasmuchaschild.

MeredithFulleragrees:

―Acodeofconductishardtocreatewhenyou‘relivinginaworldinwhicheveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,andaworldinwhichnicepeopleareperceivedtofinishlast.‖

“it‘saboutwhatI‘mdoingandwhatIneed,‖AndrewFullersays.‖thedayswhenakidcamehomefromschoolandsaid,―Igotintotrouble‖.Anddadsaid,‗youprobablydeservedit‘.Areover.Nowtheparentsarecharginguptotheschooltohaveagoatteachers.‖

Thisjumpingtoourchildren’sdefenseispartofwhatfuelsthe“walkingoneggshells”feelingthat

surroundsourdealingswithotherpeople’schildren.Youknowthatifyouremonstrate（劝诫）with

thechild,you’regoingtohavetodealwiththeparent.it’sadmirabletobeprotectiveofourkids,

butisitgood?

“Childrenhavetolearntonegotiatetheworldontheirown,withinreasonableboundaries,‖Whitesays.―Isuspectthatit‘sonlycertainsectorsofthepopulationdoingtherunningtotheschool–better

–educatedparentsareprobablymorelikelytobetooinvolved.‖

Whitebelievesournotionsofamorechild-centred,it’sawayoftalkingabouttreatingourchildren

likecommodities（商品）.We’recentredonthembutinwaysthatreflectpositivelyonus.Wetreatthemasobjectswhoseappearanceandachievementsaresomethingwecanbeproudof,ratherthanservethebestinterestsofthechildren.‖

Onewayover-worked,under-resourcedparentsshowcommitmenttotheirchildrenistoleaptotheirdefence.Backatthepark,Bianchi’sintervention（干预）onherson’sbehalfendedinanundignified

exchangeofinsultingwordswiththeotherboy’smother.

AsBianchiapproachedtheparkbenchwhereshe‘dbeensitting,othermumscameuptoherand

congratulatedherontakingastand.―Apparentlytheboyhadalongstandingreputationforbadbehaviourandhismumforevenworsebehaviourifhewaschallenged.”

AndrewFullerdoesn‘tbelievethatweshouldbeafraidofdealingwithotherpeople‘skids.―lookatkidsthataren‘tyourownasapotentialminefield,‖hesays.Herecommendsthatwedon‘tstaysilentoverinappropriatebehaviour,particularlywithregularvisitors

注意:

此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.WhatdidStellaBianchiexpecttheyoungboy‘smothertodowhenshetalkedtohim?

A）makeanapology

B）comeovertointervene

C）disciplineherownboy

D）takeherownboyaway

2.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdealingwithotherpeople‘schildren?

A）it‘simportantnottohurttheminanyway

B）it‘snousetryingtostoptheirwrongdoing

C）it‘sadvisabletotreatthemasone‘sownkids

D）it‘spossibleforonetogetintolotsoftrouble

AccordingtoprofessorNaomiwhiteofMonashuniversity,whenone‘skidsarecriticized,their

parentswillprobablyfeel

A）discouraged

B）hurt

C）puzzled

D）overwhelmed

4.Whatshouldonedowhenseeingotherpeople‘skidsmisbehaveaccordingtoAndrewfuller?

A）talktothemdirectlyinamildway

B）complaintotheirparentspolitely

C）simplyleavethemalone

D）punishthemlightly

5.Duetothechild-centricnatureofoursociety,A）parentsareworriedwhentheirkidsswearatthemB）peoplethinkitimpropertocriticizekidsinpublicC）peoplearereluctanttopointourkids‘wrongdoings

D）manyconflictsarisebetweenparentsandtheirkids6.Inaworldwhereeveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,.

A）it‘seasyforpeopletobecomeimpatient

B）it‘sdifficulttocreateacodeofconduct

C）it‘simportanttobefriendlytoeverybody

D）it‘shardforpeopletoadmireeachother

7.Howdidpeopleusetorespondwhentheirkidsgotintotroubleatschool?

A）they‘dquestiontheteachers

B）they‘dchargeuptotheschool

C）they‘dtellthekidstoclamdown

D）They‘dputtheblameontheirkids

8.Professorwhitebelievesthatthenotionsofamorechild-centredsocietyshouldbechallenged.

9.Accordingtoprofessorwhite,today‘sparentstreattheirchildrenassomethingtheycanbeproudof.

10.Andrewfullersuggeststhat,whenkidsbehaveinappropriately,peopleshouldnotstaysilent.PartIIIListeningComprehension

SectionA

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11（A）Onlytruefriendshipcanlastlong.

B）Letterwritingisgoingoutofstyle.

C）Shekeepsinregulartouchwithherclassmates.

D）Shehaslostcontactwithmostofheroldfriends.

12.A）Apainter.

B）Amechanic.

C）Aporter.

D）Acarpenter.

13.A）Lookforaplacenearheroffice.

B）Findanewjobdownthestreet.

C）Makeinquirieselsewhere.

D）Rentthe$600apartment.

14.A）Hepreferstowearjeanswithalargerwaist.

B）Hehasbeenextremelybusyrecently.

C）Hehasgainedsomeweightlately.

D）HeenjoyedgoingshoppingwithJaneyesterday.15.A）Thewomanpossessesanaturalforart.

B）Womenhaveabetterartistictastethanmen.

C）Heisn‘tgoodatabstractthinking.

D）Hedoesn‘tlikeabstractpaintings.

16.A）Shecouldn‘thavelefthernotebookinthelibrary.

B）shemayhaveputhernotebookamidthejournals.

C）sheshouldhavemadecarefulnoteswhiledoingreading.

D）sheshouldn‘thavereadhisnoteswithouthisknowingit.

17.A）shewantstogetsomesleep

B）sheneedstimetowriteapaper

C）shehasaliteratureclasstoattend

D）sheistroubledbyhersleepproblem18.A）Heisconfidenthewillgetthejob.

B）H