届北京市丰台区高三下学期模拟考试高考一模英语试题解析版文档格式.docx
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Briannasighed.Icouldtellthatshewas4todowhatIwasaskingofher,butIalsoknewshewassosweetandkind.Ihadspecifically5herforthistask.Shelookedatherfriends,thenatMolly.
Knowingthischoicewas6her,1reachedintomypocketandpulledoutaD-buck,ourclasscurrency（货币）.Ineededto7hercooperation.
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ll8youfbryourtime.”
Sheofferedaninsinceresmile,graspedthegreenpaper,andheadedoff.
Iwatchedcloselyasthegirlstalked.Whentheyfinallywalkedbacktogether,Isighedwith9.
Aminutelater,BriannacamebackandhandedmetheD-buck.
U1shouldn'
tkeepthis."
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twantMollytothinkIonlywenttogethersoIcouldearnaD-buck.She'
smyfriend/,
ThenBriannaskippedbacktoamuseherclassmatesagain,andwholaughedforthefirsttimethatweek?
Molly.
1.A.satisfied
B.surprised
C.awkward
D.ashamed
2.A.trust
B.acceptance
C.understanding
D.respect
3.A.angry
B.puzzled
C.serious
D.lonely
4.A.unwilling
B.eager
C.determined
D.disappointed
bymakingsurenohairgotonhim.Shecuthishairwhilehemovedandranaround（heshopShetalkedtohimthroughouttheentire.process,encouraginghimandremindinghimaboutprotectingMariotokeephimengaged.（丽注意到他的超级马里奥兄弟衬衫，并告诉他，他需要确保他身上没有头发，以拯救马里奥。
他在店里跑来跑去的时候，她给他剪了头发，整个过程中她都在跟他说话。
鼓励他，提醒他要保护马里奥，让他沉浸其中。
）”和第八段“'
I杷elgoodIcangoaboveandbeyondfbrachild/Reesaid.'
Iknowchildrenwanttobefree.TheywanttoexpressthemselvessoItrytofindadifferentstrategytomakethemfeelcomfortable^u我觉得很好，我可以为一个孩子做得更好，”丽说。
“我知道孩子们想要自由。
他们想要表达自己，所以我试图找到一种不同的策略，让他们感到舒服。
“）”可推断，丽为跑来跑去并患有自闭症的孩子理发，说明她很有耐心；
丽用游戏的方式并尝试用不同的策略为孩子理发，说明她具有创造性。
应选C。
C
Thepeoplewhohappentobeinacitycenteratanygivenmomentmayseemlikearandomcollectionofindividuals.Butnewresearchfeaturingasimplemathematicallawshowsthaturbantravelpatternsworldwideare,infact,predictabledespitelocation.
Researchersdiscoveredwhatisknownasaninversesquarerelation（平方反比关系）betweenthenumberofpeopleinagivenurbanlocationandthedistancetheytraveledtoget（here,aswellashowfrequentlytheymadethetrip.Itmayseemintuitive（直觉的）thatpeoplevisitnearbylocationsfrequentlyanddistantoneslessso,butthenewlydiscoveredrelationaccuratelypredicts,forinstance,thatthenumberofpeoplecomingfromtwokilometersawayfivetimesperweekwillbethesameasthenumbercomingfromfivekilometerstwiceaweek.
Theresearchersanalyzeddatafromabouteightmillionpeoplebetween2（X）6and2013insixurbanlocations.Thisstudyfocusedonlocationsandexaminedhowmanypeoplewerevisiting,fromhowfarandhowrcqucntly.Theresearchersfoundthatalltheuniquechoicespeoplemake—fromdroppingkidsatschooltoshopping-obeythisinversesquarelaw.
Oneexplanationforthisstrongstatisticalpatteristhattravelingrequires（imeandenergy,andpeoplehavelimitedresourcesforit.Atthecoreistheeffortthatpeoplearewillingtoinvestcollectivelytotraveltocertainlocations,tryingtooptimizetheirdays.
Understandingthesepatternsisimportantnotonlyforplanningtheplacementofnewshoppingcentersorpublictransportationbutalsoformodelingdiseasetransmissionwithincities,saysKathleenStewart,ageographerandmobilityresearcher.
Manyresearchersestimatetravelwith“gravitymodels"
，whichassumethatmovementbetweencitiesisproportional（成比例的）totheirpopulationsizes.ButthesemodelsdonotaccountfortravelpatterswithincitesinformationthatisparticularlycriticalindealingwithdiseasetransmissionEpidemiologist（流行病学家）Sam
Scarpinosaysmodelsbasedonthisnewfindingmightbettertrackthatflow.
“Thoseorganizationalpatternshavereallyprofound（深远的）implicationsonhowCOVIDwillspread,“Scarpinosays.Inasmallerrurallocation,wheremanypeopleregularlygo（othesamegrocerystore,theentiretownwillexperiencesharppeaksofinfectionsasthevirussweepsthroughthecommunity.Butinabiggercity,thespreadtakeslongerheexplains,becauseminiepidemicscanoccurineachneighborhoodsomewhatseparately.
28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"
optimize“inParagraph4probablymean?
A.Slowdown.B.Keeparecordof.
C.Thinkbackon.i）.Makethemostof.
29.Whydocstheauthormention“gravitymodcls^^inParagraph6?
A.Tointroducethetravelpatternswithincities.
B.Tostresstheimporlanceoftrackingdiseases.
C.Tocomparetheurbanandruralinfectionrates.
D.Toshowtheadvantageoftheinversesquarelaw.
30.Whichofthefollowingcanbesupportedbythenewlydiscoveredlaw?
A.Diseasesspreadfasterinruralareasthanbigcities.
B.Tripdistanceseldominfluencespeople'
stravelchoices.
C.Epidemicsarehardertodiscoverinbigcitiesthaninruralareas,Cityresidentsarelikelytomakefrequenttripstoadistantplace.
【28~30题答案】【答案】28.D29.D30.A
【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。
文章主要讲述一项新研究，利用简单数学定律预测全球城市旅行模式，并介绍该定律的优点。
【28题详解】词义猜想题。
根据第四段“Oneexplanationforthisstrongstatisticalpatteris（hattravelingrequireslimeandenergy,andpeoplehavelimitedresourcesforit.（这种深刻的统计模式的一种解释是，行走需要时间和精力，而人们的资源有限。
）”可知，人们的资源、时间和精力有限，所以人们要使他们的一天到达最优化的效果。
故推知optimize的意思是“使最优化”与makethemostof意义一致，应选D。
【29题详解】推理判断题。
根据第六段“Manyresearchersestimatetravelwith“gravitymodels”,whichassumethatmovementbetweencitiesisproportional（成比例的）totheirpopulationsizes.Butthesemodelsdonotaccountfortravelpatterswithincites—informationthatisparticularlycriticalindealingwithdiseasetransmissionEpidemiologist（流行病学家）SamScarpinosaysmodelsbasedonthisnewfindingmightbettertrackthatflow.（许多研究人员使用“重力模型”来估计旅行，该模型假设城市之间的移动与其人口规模成比例的。
但这些模型没有考虑到城市内部的旅行。
这些信息在处理疾病传播时尤其重要。
流行病学家SamScarpino表示，基于这•新发现，可能会更好地跟踪这种流动。
）”可知，本段主要说明“重力模型”的缺点，它没有考虑到城市内部的旅行，会对处理疾病传播有影响＜（第五段"
Understandingthesepatternsisimportantnotonlyforplanningtheplacementofnewshoppingcentersorpublictransportationbutalsoformodelingdiseasetransmissionwithincities,saysKathleenStewart,ageographerandmobilityresearcher.（地理学家和移动性研究员KathleenStewart说：
“了解这些模式不仅对于规划新购物中心或公共交通的布局很重要，而且对于模拟城市内的疾病传播也很重要。
说明了平方反比原理的优点。
故推知，作者在第六段中提到gravitymodels是为了展现重力模型的缺点及平方反比原理的优点，应选D。
【30题详解】推理判断题。
根据最后一段“Inasmallerrurallocation,wheremanypeopleregularlygotothesamegrocerystore,theentiretownwillexperiencesharppeaksofinfectionsasthevirussweepsthroughthecommunity.Butinabiggercity,thespreadtakeslongerheexplains,becauseminiepidemicscanoccurineachneighborhoodsomewhatseparately.（在一个较小的农村地区，许多人经常去同一家杂货店，随着病毒席卷整个社区，整个城镇将经历急剧的感染高峰。
他解释说：
“但在一个更大的城市，传播需要更长的时间，因为小型流行病可以轻微地、单独地发生在每个社区。
可知，病毒在农村地区的传播速度比在大城市传播的速度快，应选A。
D
EarlierthisweektheonlineUKsupermarketOcadotolditscustomersthatithad“limitedability”todelivericeream.Why?
Becausethepriceofnaturalgashasincreasedgreatly,whichhashitthesupplyofCO2intheUK.Andthathasledtoacutinthesupplyofdryicethatsupermarketsusetokeepfoodcoolintheirdeliveryvans（小型货车）.Sonoicecream.
Thisminicrisishasbeenfairlyquicklyresolve,fbrnowatleast.However,thatdoesn'
tmeanyoushouldiVtwoiTy.Thisincidentservesasatimelyreminderofjusthowreliantweareonfossilfuels.Despiteouroptimisticenthusiasmforwindandsolarpower,onewayoranotheroilandgasuseisshotthrougheverypartofoureconomicandsociallives.Thatwillbethecasefbrmanydecadestoconic.
InhisrecentlyupdatedbookThereisNoPlanetB.MikeBerners-LeelaysoutthechallengeWhenwetalkaboutshiftingfromfossilfuelstocleanenergyofonekindoranother,vvearen'
tdiscussingtakingtheamountofenergyweusenowandproducingthatamountinadifferentway.Instead,ourtargetisalwaysonthemove.Themoreenergywecangetourhandson,themoreweuse-evenifouruseofitbecomesmoreefficient.
Energyusageisgoingtokeeprising,whileenergytransitions（转变）tendtobothtakeaverylongtimeandneveractuallyend.Wejustpilenewsourcesontopofold.Theworldstillusesmuchthesameamountof（raditionalbiomass（woodetc）asitdid100yearsago.Wearerunningtostandstill.Thiswillchange.Butnotasfastasyoumightliketothink.In2019,33percentofournewpowergenerationneedsweremetbyrenewableenergy.That'
sastart.But40percentweremetbynaturalgas.
There'
surgencyhereofcourse-whichmightspeedthingsup.Butthereissomethingelsethatmightslowusdown.Itdidn'
ttakemuchtomovepeopletofossilfuels—theyarerelativelyeasytoextract,relativelyeasytotransport,hugelyenergydenseandefficientand,ofcourse,cheap.Untiltheirexternalitieswereunderstood,whocouldpossiblyhaveobjected?
Ourcurrenttransitionisdifferent:
peopleandcompanieswillswitchnotbecausethenewsourcesareeasiertoaccess,cheaperormoreenergydensebutbecauseregulationmandatesthattheymust.
Eitherway,thetruthisthatwhetherwelikeitornotourenergytransitioninvolveslongtermrelianceonfossilfuels.Thatmeanswcshouldstopdemolisingthem.Instead,wcshouldfocusonmakingtheirextr
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