大学英语六级考试真题与答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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no"
?
Formany,it'
ssurprisinglydifficult.Thisisespeciallytrueofeditors,whobynaturetendtobeeagerandengagedparticipantsineverythingtheydo.Considerthesescenarios:
It'
slateintheday.Thatfront-pagepackageyou'
vebeenworkingonisnearlycomplete;
onelasteditandit'
sfinished.Entertheexecutiveeditor,whomakesasuggestionrequiringamore-than-modestrearrangementofthedesignandtheadditionofaninformationbox.Youwanttoscream:
"
No!
It'
sdone!
"
Whatdoyoudo?
Thefirstruleofsayingnotothebossisdon'
tsayno.Sheprobablyhassomethinginmindwhenshemakessuggestions,andit'
suptoyoutofindoutwhat.Thesecondruleisdon'
traisethestakesbychallengingherauthority.Thatissueisalreadydecided.Thethirdruleistobereadytociteoptionsandconsequences.Theboss'
ssuggestionsmightbeappropriate,buttherearealwaysconsequences.Shemightnotknowaboutthepagesbackingupthatneedattention,oraboutthedesignerwhohadtogohomesick.Tellhershecanhavewhatshewants,butexplaintheconsequences.Understandwhatshe'
stryingtoaccomplishandproposeaPlanBthatwillmakeithappenwithoutdestroyingwhatyou'
vedonesofar.
Here'
sanothercase.Yourleast-favoritereportersuggestsadumbstoryidea.Thisoneshouldbeeasy,butit'
snot.Ifyousayno,evenpolitely,youriskinhibitingfurtherideas,notjustfromthatreporter,butfromotherswhoheardthatyouturneddowntheidea.Thisscenarioiscommoninnewsroomsthatlackasystematicwaytofilterstorysuggestions.
Twostepsarenecessary.First,youneedasystemforhowstoriesareproposedandreviewed.Reporterscantoleraterejectionoftheirideasiftheybelievetheyweregivenafairhearing.Your
gutreaction
（本能反应）anddismissiverejection,evenofaworthlessidea,mightnotqualifyassystematicorfair.
Second,thepeopleyouworkwithneedtonegotiatea"
Whatif...?
agreementcovering"
Whatifmyideaisturneddown?
Howarepeopleexpectedtoreact?
Isthereanappealprocess?
Cantheyrefinetheideaandresubmitit?
Byanticipating"
Whatif...?
situationsbeforetheyhappen,youcanreachunderstandingthatwillhelpeaseyououtofconfrontations.
47.
Insteadofdirectlysayingnotoyourboss,youshouldfindout__________.
48.
Theauthor'
ssecondwarningisthatweshouldavoidrunningagreaterriskby__________.
49.
Onewayofrespondingtoyourboss'
ssuggestionistoexplainthe__________toherandofferanalternativesolution.
50.
Toensurefairnesstoreporters,itisimportanttosetupasystemforstoriesto__________.
51.
Peoplewholearntoanticipate"
situationswillbeabletoreachunderstandingandavoid__________.
SectionB
Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2
withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:
areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?
TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey'
rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants'
impactontheeconomyandthereality?
Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestrainthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation'
sfearsandinsecurities.There'
ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren'
tquitesufficient.
Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat'
sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration'
simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'
low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers–meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers'
savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?
Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%between1980-2000.
Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthe
fiscal
（财政的）burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:
thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants'
accesstocertainbenefits.
Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected–say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents–theimpactisn'
tallthatdramatic."
Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,"
saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon."
Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone."
Toobadmostpeopledon'
trealizeit.
注意：
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
52.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?
A）
Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.
B）
TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit'
sadifferentstory.
C）
Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.
D）
Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.
53.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?
Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.
Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.
Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.
Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.
54.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?
Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.
Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.
Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.
Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.
55.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?
Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.
Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.
Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.
Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget.
56.Whatistheironyaboutthedebateoverimmigration?
A）Eveneconomistscan'
treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.
Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.
Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.
D）Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.
PassageTwo
Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
PictureatypicalMBAlecturetheatretwentyyearsago.Initthemajorityofstudentswillhaveconformedtothestandardmodelofthetime:
male,middleclassandWestern.Walkintoaclasstoday,however,andyou'
llgetacompletelydifferentimpression.Forastart,youwillnowseeplentymorewomen–theUniversityofPennsylvania'
sWhartonSchool,forexample,boaststhat40%ofitsnewenrolmentisfemale.Youwillalsoseeawiderangeofethnicgroupsandnationalsofpracticallyeverycountry.
Itmightbetempting,therefore,tothinkthattheoldbarriershavebeenbrokendownandequalopportunityachieved.But,increasingly,thisapparentdiversityisbecomingamaskforanewtypeofconformity.Behindthedifferencesinsex,skintonesandmothertongues,therearecommonattitudes,expectationsandambitionswhichriskcreatingasetofclonesamongthebusinessleadersofthefuture.
Diversity,itseems,hasnothelpedtoaddressfundamentalweaknessesinbusinessleadership.Sowhatcanbedonetocreatemoreeffectivemanagersofthecommercialworld?
AccordingtoValerieGauthier,associatedeanatHECParis,thekeyliesintheprocessbywhichMBAprogrammesrecruittheirstudents.Atthemomentcandidatesareselectedonafairlynarrowsetofcriteriasuchasprioracademicandcareerperformance,andanalyticalandproblemsolvingabilities.Thisisthencoupledtoaschool'
spictureofwhatadiverseclassshouldlooklike,withtheresultthatpassport,ethnicoriginandsexcanallbecomeinfluencingfactors.Butschoolsrarelydigdowntofindoutwhatreallymakesanapplicantsucceed,tocreateac
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