Unit 7 Letter to a B Student.docx

Unit 7 Letter to a B Student.docx

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Unit7LettertoaBStudent

Unit7LettertoaBStudent  

Textcomprehension

I.B.   II.1.T;  2.T;  3.T;  4.F;  5.F.

III.

1.Paragraph2.Itisoursociety,whichoveremphasizeswinning,considersfailureasin,andseesprosperityinthepresentasasuresignofsalvationinthefuture.

2.Paragraph4.Becausethestudentsmayhaveacquiredmoreorlessknowledgeoutofthecoursethanthegradeindicates.

3.Paragraph5.Hisattitudeiscritical.Hecomplainstheexclusionofsuchimportantcharacteristicsascourage,kindness,wisdomandgoodhumor.

4.Paragraph8.Itwastomakeacleardistinctionbetweenthestudentasclassroomperformerandthestudentashumanbeing.Soalowgrade,atbest,indicatesanincompetentclassroomperformer,notanincompetenthumanbeing.

5.Paragraph9.Hethinkssociallabels,includinggrades,arebasicallyirrelevantandmisleading,thoughnecessary.Butit’snotself-contradictorybecausesociallabelsarenecessaryaswaysofdistinctionforjobchoice,notasreasonsforattitudetowardothersorourselvesinhumanterms.

IV.

1.Beingunsuccessfulanddisadvantagedisregardedassinfulbecauseinthiswordpeopletendtothinktoday’ssuccesscansaveonefromevilinthefuture.

2.Itisimportanttoseethefactthatalthoughtheydifferintheirclassstatusandeducationalbackground,humanbeingsareessentiallythesame.Biologicallytheyareconstructedinthesameway,andtheysharethecommonfeelingsoffearandjoyandthecommonexperienceofsufferingandachieving.Thiscommonalityhasboundthemtogether.Allofthemwillregardwars,diseases,anddisastersbothprivateandpublicasunfortunatebigeventsintheirlifetime.

Structuralanalysisofthetext

1.Paragraph2—5.Keywords:

Disappointment.Mainidea:

Gradesdonotmeaneverything.

2.Paragraph6—8.Keywords:

Thestudentasperformer;thestudentashumanbeing.Mainidea:

GettingaBinclassdoesnotmeanonewillalwaysbeaBperformerinlife.

3.Paragraph9—10.Keywords:

Perspective.Mainidea:

Inacomplexsocietylikeours,labelsarenecessarybuttheyshouldbekeptinperspective.

SectionFourConsolidationActivities

Partone.VocabularyAnalysis

I. Phrasepractice

1.essence:

innernature;indispensablequality;themostimportantpart  本质，实质，精髓

e.g.Hisworksreflecttheessenceoffascism. 他的作品反映出法西斯的本质。

2.deadlysins:

sinsleadingtodamnation.（pride,covetousness,lust,anger,gluttony,envyandsloth,inChristianity）

3.misleading:

makingyouthinkoractwrongly  误导，误入歧途

e.g.Hedeliberatelymisledusaboutthenatureoftheirrelationship. 关于他们究竟是什么关系，他故意给我们留下错误印象。

   Thissentencehasmisledusintothinkingthattheanswerwaswrong. 这句话误使我们认为那个答案是错误的。

4.conventionaltask:

tasktraditionallyrequiredofstudents 传统任务

e.g.Thisconventionaltaskissoeasythatevenapupilcanfinishit. 这个传统任务是如此简单，甚至小学生都能完成。

5.inshortsupply:

farfromenough 供给不足，缺乏

e.g.Thewaterandfoodfordisasterareaisinshortsupply. 这些水和食物给灾区是远远不够的。

Potatoesareinshortsupplybecauseofthebadharvest. 由于收成不好，现在马铃薯供应不足。

II.

1.define;  2.irrelevant;  3.correspondto;  4.flunked;  5.rather;  6.makesapointof;  7.aptto;  8.goround.

III. Wordderivation.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.

1.Hisvisionwasnearlyrestoredtonormalaftertheremoval（remove）ofthetumorinhisbrain.

2.Themajorissueoftheconferencewashowtocopewiththesevereconsequencesresultingfromtheclimatic（climate）changesonourplanet.

3.Thiscompanyisintroubleandthelatestplanforitssalvation（salvage）hasfewsupporters.

4.Itissaidinthejobadthatthosewhoapplyforthevacancyshouldhaveproficiency（proficient）inatleasttwolanguages.

5.Don’trelyontheinformationshegaveyou—it’spureassumption（assume）onherpart.  

6.Theageofcollegestudentsnormally（norm）rangesfrom18to22.

7.Thegovernment’sinactiontocurbinflationandunemploymentcausedstrongresentment（resent）amongthepublic.

8.TheSichuanearthquaketurnedouttobethemostdisastrous（disaster）onethecountryhaswitnessedinthepastonehundredyears.

1.removev. 消除，除去；脱掉

  removablea. 可除去的，可移动的

  removaln. 移动，移居；除去

e.g. 我们的家已从北京迁到上海。

OurhomehasremovedfromBeijingtoShanghai.

他脱下帽子表示敬意。

Heremovedhishatasasignofreverence.

2.climaten. 气候；风气

  climatica. 气候上的

e.g. 她很快就适应了这种多变的气候。

Sheadaptedherselfquicklytothechangeableclimate.

3.salvagev. 打捞，抢救

  salvageablea. 可抢救的，可打捞的

  salvationn. 得救，拯救；赎罪

e.g. 房子里没有什么东西可救的了。

Thereisnothingthatissalvageableinthebuilding.

天气干旱了这么久，这场雨成了农民的救星。

Aftersomuchdryweather,therainhasbeenthefarmer’ssalvation.

4.proficienta. 熟练的，精通的

  proficiencyn. 熟练，精通

e.g. 我可以说对唱歌很在行。

I’dsayIamquiteproficientatsinging.

5.assumev. 假定，设想；承担；认为

  assumingconj. 假定，假如

  assumptionn. 假定，设想

e.g. 我以为你能讲流利的英语。

IassumedyoucouldspeakEnglishfluently.

假定那是真的，我们现在该怎么办？

Assumingthatitistrue,whatshouldwedonow?

6.normn. 标准，规范

  normala. 正常的，正规的

  normalityn. 常态

  normalizev. 使正常，使标准化

e.g. 过了几天，洪水才退，生活恢复了正常。

Itwasseveraldaysbeforethefloodwatersankandlifereturnedtonormal.

    我们的关系正常了。

Ourrelationshiphasbeennormalized.

7.resentv. 憎恨，生气

  resentmentn. 怨恨，愤恨

  resentfula. 不满的

  resentfulnessn. 怨恨，愤恨

e.g. 我非常讨厌别人侵占我的时间。

.

Ibitterlyresenttheencroachmentonmytime.

他对所受的待遇感到忿恨。

Heisresentfulatthewayhehasbeentreated.

8.disastern. 灾难

  disastrousa. 灾难性的

e.g. 这场灾难过后，许多人既没有食物又没有住处。

Afterthedisasterthereweremanywhowantedfoodandshelter.

国家的经济形势非常糟糕。

Theeconomicconditionofthecountryisdisastrous.

IV.

1.B;  2.D;  3.C;  4.C;  5.B;  6.D;  7.B;  8.D.

V.Synonym/Antonym:

Giveasynonymoranantonymofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.

1.Theessenceofsuccessisthatthere’sneverenoughofittogoroundinazero-sumgamewhereoneperson’swinningmustbeoffsetbyanother’slosing…

Synonym:

balanced,compensated

2.Thelevelofyourproficiencyhasbeendeterminedbyyourperformanceofratherconventionaltasks…

Antonym:

unconventional

3.Buttheyareimportant:

cruciallyso,becausetheyarealwaysinshortsupply.

Antonym:

abundant,plentiful

4.Ifyouvaluethesecharacteristicsinyourself,youwillbevalued—andfarmoresothanthosewhoseidentitiesaremeasuredonlybylittlemarksonapieceofpaper.

Synonym:

evaluated,assessed

5.Therewerealotofusthen:

olderthanthenorm,inahurrytogetourdegreesandmoveon…

Synonym:

average

6.Itisimportanttorecognizethathumanbeings,despitedifferencesinclassandeducationallabeling,arefundamentallyhewnfromthesamematerialandknittogetherbycommonbondsoffearandjoy…

Synonym:

essentially,basically

7.Butthesedistinctionsshouldneverbetakenseriouslyinhumanterms…

Antonym:

lightly,frivolously

8.Eveninachievementterms,yourBlabeldoesnotmeanthatyouarepermanentlydefinedasaBachievementperson.

Antonym:

temporarily

VI. Prefix:

Writeineachspaceonewordthathasthesameprefixasunderlinedineachgivenword.

1.interfere            international____             2.transcend   ___translate    

3.circumstances    ____circumference                4.neocolonial     neoclassical  

5.control                conform                   6.antibiotic       antisocial    

7.unlock                undo                       8.outnumber       outshine    

1.Explanation:

     inter-:

between

         e.g.interaction,interdependent,interconnect

2.Explanation:

     trans-:

acrossorbeyond

          e.g.transplant,transform,transatlantic

3.Explanation:

     circum-:

surrounding

            e.g.circumcision,circumlocution,circumspect

4.Explanation:

     neo-:

new,inalaterform

         e.g.neonatal,neo-fascist,neo-Georgian

5.Explanation:

     con-:

strengthenorreinforce      

e.g.convince,constrain,conquer

6.Explanation:

     anti-:

opposedto,against

         e.g.antiwar,antihero,antidote

7.Explanation:

     un-:

inverbsthatdescribetheoppositeofaprocess

        e.g.unfold,unload,unbend,uncut

8.Explanation:

     out-:

greater,better,further,etc.

         e.g.outgrow,outlive,outwit

Parttwo. GrammarExercises

1. Disjunct

Adisjunctisatypeof adverbial thatexpressesinformationthatis notconsideredessential tothesentenceitappearsin,butwhichisconsideredtobethespeaker’sorwriter’s attitude towards,or descriptivestatement of,thepropositionalcontentofthesentence.

Moregenerally,thetermdisjunctcanbeusedtorefertoanysentenceelementthatisnotfullyintegratedintotheclausalstructureofthesentence.Suchelementsusuallyappearperipherally（atthebeginningorendofthesentence）andaresetofffromtherestofthesentencebyacomma（inwriting）andapause（inspeech）.

e.g.Honestly,Icouldn’tbelieveit.

Unfortunately,Kimhashadtoleaveus.

I.Practice:

Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingproperdisjuncts.

1.Unfortunately,…

2.ItishopedthatthereportwillgoouttoshareholdersnolaterthanJune1.

Hopefully,…

3.Itisoddenoughthathedidnotraiseanyobjectiontotheplan.

Oddlyenough,…

4.Rightly,…

5.Luckily,…

6.Fortunately,…

7.Itisstrangeenoughthattheburglarshouldnothavetakenthediamondaway.

Strangelyenough,…

II.

Type1expressesajudgmentonthewholeandmeanwhilethe subject,sothreetypesofsentencestructurescanbeused;

Type2expressesnojudgmentonthe subject.

1.Itwasrightthat…/Theywererighttohave….

2.Itwasfoolis