专八语言学选择题及答案.docx

专八语言学选择题及答案.docx

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专八语言学选择题及答案

专八语言学试题一

1.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyof__________.

A.aparticularlanguage

B.theEnglishlanguage

C.humanlanguagesingeneral

D.thesystemofaparticularlanguage

2.Theconsonant[f]inEnglishcanbecorrectlydescribedashavingthefollowingphoneticfeatures:

__________.

A.voiceless,bilabial,stop

￥

B.voiceless,labiodental,fricative

C.voiced,bilabial,stop

D.voiced,labiodental,fricative

3.Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffix"ed"intheword"learned"isknownasa（n）__________.

A.derivationalmorpheme

B.freemorpheme

C.inflectionalmorpheme

D.freeform

】

4.Inthephrasestructurerule"S→NPVP",thearrowcanbereadas__________.

A.isequalto

B.consistsof

C.has

D.generates

5."Iboughtsomeroses"__________"Iboughtsomeflowers".

A.entails

B.presupposes

@

C.isinconsistentwith

D.issynonymouswith

6.Y'sutteranceinthefollowingconversationexchangeviolatesthemaximof__________.

X:

Whowasthatyouwerewithlastnight

Y:

Didyouknowthatyouwerewearingoddsocks

A.quality

B.quantity

C.relation

—

D.manner

7.Changesinalanguagearechangesinthegrammarofthespeakersofthelanguage.Thismeansthatphonemes,__________,wordsandgrammaticalrulesmaybeborrowed,added,lostoraltered.

A.phrases

B.sentences

C.morphemes

D.utterances

8.Inaspeechcommunitypeoplehavesomethingincommon__________alanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguageandrulesforusingit.

A.socially

B.linguistically

C.culturally

D.pragmatically

9.Whichofthemajormentalfunctionslistedbelowisnotunderthecontrolofthelefthemisphereinmostpeople__________.

A.languageandspeech

B.visualandspatialskills

C.readingandwriting

D.analyticreasoning

"

10.Ingeneral,the__________stagebeginsroughlyinthesecondhalfofthechild'ssecondyear.

A.babbling

B.one-word

C.two-word

D.multiword

答案：

专八语言学试题二

famousquotationfromShakespeare'splay“RomeoandJuliet”‘Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet’wellillustrates_______.（）

、

conventionalnatureoflanguage

creativenatureoflanguage

universalityoflanguage

bigdifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanimalcommunication

thefollowingsoundcombinations,only_______ispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish.（）

【

sentencethathasaNPandaVPcanbeshownina_______formula"S→NPVP".（）

diagram

isthe_______onCaseassignmentthatstatesthataCaseassignorandaCaserecipientshouldstayadjacenttoeachother.（）

Condition

-

Condition

Parameter

analysisisawaytoanalyze_______meaning.

《

toSearle,thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled_______.（）

term_______linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.

，

comparative

wayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroup,andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,_______,andkinterm.

+firstname

+title

alone

name+lastname+title

andthoughtmaybeviewedastwoindependentcirclesoverlappinginsomeparts.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardthoughtas"subvocalspeech,"andspeechas"_______".（）

（

thought

thought

thought

thought

ofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition_______.（）

acquisitionisaprocessofhabitformation

acquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeings

arebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguage

|

areequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse

答案专八语言学试题三

modernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesfor"correct"linguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe___.

A.prescriptive

B.sociolinguistic

C.descriptive

D.psycholinguistic

allthespeechorgans,the___is/arethemostflexible.

（

A.mouth

B.lips

C.tongue

D.vocalcords

morpheme"vision"inthecommonword"television"isa（n）___.

A.boundmorpheme

B.boundform

C.inflectionalmorpheme

￥

D.freemorpheme

___intheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthat

introducestheembeddedclause.

A.coordinator

B.particle

C.preposition

D.subordinator

5."CanIborrowyourbike"___"Youhaveabike."

}

A.issynonymouswith

B.isinconsistentwith

C.entails

D.presupposes

branchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowcontextinfluencestheway

speakersinterpretsentencesiscalled___.

A.semantics

B.pragmatics

&

C.sociolinguistics

D.psycholinguistics

changesmaybeexplained,inpart,asanalogicchanges,

whichare___orgeneralization.

A.elaboration

B.simplification

C.externalborrowing

D.internalborrowing

"

referstoamarginallanguageoffewlexicalitemsand

straightforwardgrammaticalrules,usedasamediumofcommunication.

A.Linguafranca

B.Creole

C.Pidgin

D.Standardlanguage

neurologistsandlinguistshaveconcludedthat,in

additiontothemotorareawhichisresponsibleforphysicalarticulation

'

ofutterances,threeareasoftheleftbrainarevitaltolanguage,

namely,___.

A.Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandtheangulargyrus

B.Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandcerebralcortex

C.Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandneurons

D.Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandExner'sarea

toKrashen,___referstothegradualandsubconcious

developmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyin

$

dailycommunicativesituations.

A.learning

B.competence

C.performance

D.acquisition

答案

专八语言学试题四

\

pairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are___.（）

opposites

opposites

discoveryofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar.（）

Grimm

Rask

）

Bopp

WilliamJones

linguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas__.（）

tobefeared

fastandfluentspeechwithgoodintonationandpronunciationbutthecontentoftheirspeechrangesfrommildlyinappropriatetocompletenonsense,oftenasunintelligible.（）

！

'saphasic

linguisticdeprivation

damageontheangulargyrus

'saphasic

SouthernlearnersofEnglishinChinatendtosay“night”as“light”.Thisshows:

.（）

cannotpronounce/n/

interferencebecausethereisnotthesound/n/intheirmothertongue

teachersdonothaveagoodteachingmethod

、

donotliketopronouncenasalsounds

wordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled__wor

D.（）

polysemous

synonymous

abnormal

multiple

functionofthesentence“Aniceday,isn'tit”is__.（）

￥

mostrecognizabledifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharein__andvocabulary.（）

—

withthewayinwhichalanguagevariesthroughgeographicalspace.（）

geography

semanticcomponentsoftheword“gentleman”canbeexpressedas__.（）

A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult

—

B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult

C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult

D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult

答案专八语言学试题五

Tickoffthecorrectorthebestpossibleanswers:

1Oneofthepropertiesoflanguageisthatalanguageusercanunderstandandproducesentenceshe/shehasneverheardbefore.Thispropertyoflanguageiscalled________.

A.duality

B.productivity

/

C.displacement

D.arbitrary

Key:

B

2The______functionreferstothefactthatlanguagecanbeusedforestablishingafavorableatmosphereormaintainingsocialcontactratherthanforexchanginginformationorideas.

A.phatic

B.directive

C.evocative

D.performative

%

Key:

A

3Fromafunctionalapproach,the_______meaningofalanguageuseconsistsofwhatiscommunicatedofthefeelingsandattitudesofthespeaker/writer.

A.affective

B.associative

C.stylistic

D.collocative

Key:

A

4When-ingin'gangling'isremovedtogetaverb'gangle',wecallthiswayofcreatingwords________.

、

A.suffixation

B.back-formation

C.blending

D.acronymy

Key:

B

5______referstotheprocessbywhichwordsrisefromhumblebeginningstopositionsofimportance.

A.Degradation

B.Specialization

~

C.Elevation

D.Extension

Key:

C

6Asweknow,everyspeakerhashisownpetwordsandexpressionsandspecialwayofexpressinghisideasinlanguage.Thislanguagevarietyofindividualusersiscalled______.

A.idiolect

B.regionaldialect

C.temporaldialect

D.socialdialect

！

Key:

A

7Whenpitch,stressandlengthvariationsaretiedtothesentenceratherthantotheword,theyarecollectivelyknownas________.

A.intonation

B.tone

C.phoneme

D.sentencestress

Key:

A

8_______referstothechangeofasoundasaresultoftheinfluenceofanadjacentsoun

/

D.

A.Additionofsound

B.Lossofsound

C.Metathesis

D.Assimilation

Key:

D

9Basically,allthelanguagesintheworldcanbeclassifiedintermsoflanguagefamily.VietnameseandKoreanaretwolanguagesinthe______family.

A.Indo-European

#

B.Sino-Tibetan

C.Hamito-Semitic

D.Malayo-Polynesian

Key:

B

10A_______istheminimalcontrastiveunitinthewritingsystemofalanguage.

A.morpheme

B.phoneme

C.grapheme

。

D.letter

Key:

C

11Allmono-morphemicwordsareconstitutedbyfreemorphemes,andthosepoly-morphemicwordswhichconsistwhollyoffreemorphemesarecalled_________.

A.hyponyms

B.compounds

C.blends

D.allomorphs

Key:

B

《

12Therequirementthattheformsoftwoormorewordsofspecificwordclasseswhichstandinspecificsyntacticrelationshipwithoneanothershallalsobecharacterizedbythesameparadigmaticallymarkedcategory