北京市高三英语模拟试题及答案一.docx

北京市高三英语模拟试题及答案一.docx

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北京市高三英语模拟试题及答案一

北京市2020年高考英语模拟试题及答案

（一）

（试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟）

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第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）（略）

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、BC和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Withitssnow-coveredmountainsandavarietyofwildlife,YellowStoneNationalParkisoneofthescenictreasuresoftheUnitedStates.LocatedprimarilyinWyoming,theparkhostsmillionsofvisitorseveryyear.Ifyouplantotravelwithinthepark,keepinmindadvicefromtheNationalParkService.

SeasonalTravel

Travelvariesvastlyfromseasontoseason.Roadsaregenerallyopeninthesummerexceptforcasesofrockormudslides,wildfires,accidentsorroadconstruction.Earlysnowsinthefallcancausesomeroadstoclosetemporarily.Inthewinteralmostallroadsareclosedtomotorvehicles,butsnowmobilesandothersnowvehicleswithtracksareallowed.RoadsbegintoopenforthespringbythelatterpartofAprilbutcancloseifsnowfallcontinues.

DrivingTime

GrandLoopisthemainroadthroughYellowstoneNationalPark;itpassesbymostofthemajorattractions.TheseincludeOldFaithful,YellowstoneLakeandtheGrandCanyonofYellowstone.ThemaximumspeedlimitontheGrandLoopis45milesperhour,butthespeedlimitdropsduringsomeofthewindingandtwistingsectionsofthisnarrowroad.Allowyourselfatleasttwodaystofullytraveltheloopduetothesizeoftheparkandbeingsometimesstuckinheavytraffic.

SafetyAwareness

Buffalo（水牛）oftenblocktheroadsintheparkastheymovethroughthefields.Ifagroupistravelingacrosstheroadyouareon

youcaneitherwaitforthemtopassorfindanalternativeroute.Ifyougetoutofyourvehicle,theNationalParkServicesaystostayatleast25yardsfromanybuffalo（and100yardsormoreawayfrombearsandwolves）.Buffaloareparticularlyunpredictableandchargepeopleatspeedsupto30mph.

Youcantakeyourbicycleonanypublicroadsandroutesdesignedforbikes,butbicyclesarenotallowedontheparkroadswhicharenarrowwithfewshoulders.Altitudesrangefrom5,300to8,860feet.TheNationalParkServicerecommendscyclistswearhelmetsandnoticeableclothing.

1.WhatdoweknowabouttravellingintheYellowstonePark?

A.Roadswillstayopenincaseofemergency.

B.Trafficjamhappensfromtimetotime.

C.Thedrivingspeedontheroadcanbe50mph.

D.Motorvehiclesareallowedinthewinter.

2.WhatdoestheNationalParkServicesuggestpeopledoaboutsafety?

A.Stayinsidethecarthroughoutthetravel.

B.GetoutoftheirvehicleswhencomingacrosstheBuffalo.

C.Weartheeasy-to-seeclotheswhilebicycling.

D.Avoidbicyclingonthepublicroads.

3.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

A.Aguidebook.B.Acommercialadvertisement.

C.Aresearchpaper.D.Ageographytextbook.

B

Mostadultsfirmlybelievethataskidsreachtheirteens,theystarttotakecrazyrisksthatgetthemintrouble.Doteenagerssimplylovetakingallrisksmuchmorethanadults?

Arecentstudysuggestsotherwise.

Scientistsdesignedasimpleexperimentinvolving33teenagersandthreeotheragegroups.Intheexperiment,theresearcherstriedtodistinguishbetweentwoverydifferentkindsofrisk-taking.Thefirsttheycalledawillingnesstotakeknownrisks（whentheprobabilityofwinningisclear）andthesecondtheycalledawillingnesstotakeunknownrisks（whenthepossibilityofsuccessisuncertain）.

Thestudyofferedparticipantstheopportunitytoplaytwokindsofgames.Theyhadthechancetowinmoney,withonegameofferingaknownriskandtheotherofferinganunknownrisk.Oneachroundofthegame,eachparticipanthadtochoosebetweentakingasure$5andknownorunknownrisksofwinningalotmore.Ifononeparticularroundtheyhadpickedthe$5forsurechoice,thentheygot$5.Butifonthatroundtheyhadchosentotakearisk,therulesofthegamewilldeterminewhetherornottheyhadwon.Iftheydidwin,theywenthomewithbetween$8and$125.And,ofcourse,iftheylost,theywenthomewithnothing.

Whatthescientistsfoundwasreallyquitesurprising.Itturnedoutthattheaverageteenagerwasveryhesitantwhenriskswereknown—morecarefulthancollegestudentsorparents-agedadults,andaboutascarefulasgrandparent-agedadults.Thismeansthatwhentheriskswereknown,teenagerswerenotriskyintheirbehavioratall.Onlywhentheriskswereuncleardidteenagerschoosethemmoreoftenthanothergroups.Underthosekindsofconditions,theyweremuchmorewillingtotakeariskthananyothergroup.

So,whatdoesallofthismean?

Theresearchsuggeststhatadultsshouldprobablyfocusmoreenergyontryingtoeducateteenagersaboutrisksthanlimitingthem.Teenagerswhounderstandtherisksassociatedwithadecisionaremorelikelytobecarefulintheirbehavior.

4.Thisexperimentwascarriedoutby

A.dividingtheteensintothreegroups

B.comparingthereactionstodifferentrisks

C.givingequalamountofawardstotheparticipants

D.observingtheemotionalchangesoftheteenager

5.Whenfacingknownrisks,teenagerstendedtobe________.

A.ambitsB.cautious

C.anxiousD.curious

6.Whichgroupinthestudyweremorelikelytotakeunknownrisks?

A.Teenagers.B.Collegestudents.

C.Parent-agedadults.D.Grandparent-agedadults.

7.Accordingtothestudy,parentsshouldfocuson________.

A.guaranteeingchildrentobecareful

B.settingagelimitsondangerousactivities

C.respectingteenstomaketheirownchoices

D.guidingteenstolearnmoreabouttheeffectofrisks

C

Trees,someofthetallestintheworld,toweredaboveHannahGriffithsandhercolleagueseachmorningastheywalkeddeepintotherainforestintheMaliauBasininBorneo,wheretheyhadsetupasetofexperimentstolookattheecologicaleffectsofsmallcreatures:

termites（白蚁）.

Termitesgetabumrap.TheymakeheadlinesforchewingupbillionsofdollarsofpropertyeachyearintheU.S.Andtheyareresponsibleforsomethingliketwopercentofglobalcarbonemissions,simplyasaresultoftheirhugepopulationsandpreferenceforchewingthroughcarbonrichmaterials.Awholeindustryisaimingatkillingthem.

Buttheyplayakeyroleinmanynaturalecosystems.Scientistshaveknownforyearsthatintropical（热带的）forests,termiteschewupfallenleavesanddeadwood,keepingthefallenmaterialundercontrolandlettingnutrientsfromthedeadmaterialbackintothesystemtobeusedbyotherplants,insects,andanimals.Buttheydidn’tknowexactlyhowimportanttheinsectswereinkeepingtheforesthealthyandfunctional,sotheyremovedtermitesfromaparticularspotintheforestandsawhowitresponded.

Asluckwouldhaveit,HannahGriffithsandhercolleaguesstartedtheirexperimentwhentheforestwashitbyanextremedrought（干旱）.Duringthenon-droughtyears,theysawtherewasn’tmuchdifferencebetweenthenormalplotsandtheoneswherethey’dremovedthetermites.Butduringthedrought,theeffectsweremarked.Whattheyfoundwasunexpected:

inthetermite-richareas,thesoilstayedslightlywet,moretreeseedlingssprouted（抽芽）,andthesystemwasfullofactivitydespitethelong,harddryspell.

ForGriffiths,itwasonlybecausetheyhappenedtostudythedroughtthattheycouldpickouttherealimportanceoftermitestothesystem,shepointsout.“Andthatringsalarmbellsinmyhead,”shesays,“becauseitmakesmethink,wellwhatelsedon’tweknow?

Ifwestartdamagingbiologicalcommunities,wedon’tknowwhatthatwilldo.”

8.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“abumrap”underlinedinParagraph2?

A.Unfairblame.B.Widepopularity.

C.Publicattention.D.Specialpreference.

9.Whathavescientistslearnedabouttermites?

A.Theydoseriousharmtotropicalrainforests.

B.Theycontributealottotheecosystemtheylivein.

C.Theyactasfoodforotherplants,insectsandanimals.

D.Theyspeedupthelossofnutritionintherainforest.

10.WhatcanweinferfromthefindingofGriffithsexperiment?

A.Termiteshelprainforestssurviveclimatechange.

B.Termitespreferdroughtyearstonon-droughtones.

C.Termitesbenefitmorefromtheforestduringthedrought.

D.Termitesenjoyeatingtreeseedlingsduringthedrought.

11.WhatdoesGriffithstellusinthelastparagraph?

A.Termitesarenowindangerofextinction.

B.Termitesdamagebiologicalcommunities.

C.Weshouldthinktwicebeforedamagingaspecies.

D.Weshouldstudythedroughttoimprovethesystem.

D

Ifhumanspumpenoughcarbondioxide（CO2）intotheatmosphere,thestratocumulusclouds（层积云）coulddisappear,andtheearth'stemperaturecouldclimbsharplytoheightsnotpredictedincurrentclimatemodels.Itwouldburntheplanet.That'stheconclusionofapaperpublishedinthejournalNatureGeoscienceanddescribedindetailbyNatalieWolchoverforQuantaMagazine.

AsWolchoverexplained,cloudshavelongbeenoneofthegreatuncertaintiesofclimatemodels.Computermodelsthateasilycapturethecomplexityanddetailofmostclimatesystemsjustaren'tpowerfulenoughtopredictworldwidechangesincloudbehavior.Butcloudsareimportant.Theyreflectsunlightawayfromtheearth'ssurface.Andstratocumuluscloudsarethosewhiteblanketsyoumighthaveseenasyoulookedoutthewindowofarmairplane,rollingoutbelowyouandhidingthegroundResearcherssuspectthatcertainsudden,pastjumpsintemperaturemayhavebeencausedbychangestocloudslikethese.

Forthenewresearch,scientistsmodeledjustasmallpatchofskyusingasupercomputer.Theyfoundthatifcarbondioxidelevelsreachabout1,200partspermillion（ppm）intheat