九年级中考英语语法讲义及练习题.docx
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九年级中考英语语法讲义及练习题
第一讲:
感叹句
感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。
英语感叹句常用"what"和"how"引导,"what"和"how"与所修饰的词置于句首,其它部分用陈述句语序。
一、由"what"引导的感叹句:
"what"意为"多么"用作定语,修饰名词(被强调部分),单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。
这类句子的结构形式是:
1.What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语!
2.What+形容词+可数名词的复数形式+主语+谓语!
3.What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!
如:
①Whataclevergirlsheis!
多么聪明的姑娘呀!
②Whataninterestingstoryitis!
多么有趣的故事呀!
③Whatgoodchildrentheyare!
他们是多么好的孩子呀!
④Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!
多么漂亮的花呀!
⑤Whatdeliciousfooditis!
多么有味的食物呀!
⑥Whatheavysnowitis!
多么大的雪呀!
二、由"how"引导的感叹句:
"how"意为"多么",用作状语,修饰形容词或副词(被强调部分)。
如果修饰形容词,则句中的谓语动词用系动词;如果how修饰副词,则句中的谓语动词用行为动词,这类句子的结构形式是:
1.How+adj.(adv.)+主语+谓语!
2.How+主语+谓语!
如:
①Howcolditistoday!
今天多么冷呀!
②Hownicethepicturesare!
多么漂亮的图画呀!
③Howhappytheylook!
他们显得多么高兴呀!
④Howwellshesings!
她唱得多好呀!
⑤Howhardtheyareworkingnow!
他们干得多么起劲呀!
⑥Howtimeflies!
时光飞逝!
三、在表示同一意义时,英语感叹既可用"what"引导,也可用"how"引导。
如:
①Whatahotdayitis!
Howhotthedayis!
多么热的天气呀!
②Whattallbuildingstheyare!
Howtallthebuildingsare!
多么高的楼房呀!
③Whatbadweatheritis!
Howbadtheweatheris!
多么糟糕的天气呀!
④Whatbrightsunshineitis!
Howbrightthesunshineis!
多么明亮的阳光呀!
四、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时,口语中常常采用省略句,其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。
如:
①Whatafineday!
多么晴朗的天呀!
②Whatanhonestboy!
多么诚实的孩子呀!
③Whatredapples!
多么红的苹果呀!
④Howcool!
好凉快呀!
⑤Howwonderful!
精彩极了!
感叹句专项练习:
一、单项选择(中考链接)
1.___foodyou'vecooked!
A.Howanice B.Whatanice C.Hownice D.Whatnice
2.___terribleweatherwe'vebeenhavingthesedays!
A.What B.Whata C.How D.Howa
3.—_____Ihad!
—Youreallysufferedalot.
A.Whatatime B.Whattime C.Howatime D.howtime
4.—_______sweetmusic!
Doyoulikeit?
—Mm,it_______beautiful!
A.How;listensB.Howa;soundsC.Whata;listensD.What;sounds
5.—ThesixstudentsfromLianyunganggotthefirstprizeintheChineseCharactersDictationCompetitioninJiangsu.
—_______excitingnewsitis!
A.WhatB.HowC.WhatanD.Howan
6._______deliciousthesebeefnoodlesare!
A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa
7.Look!
______happilythechildrenareplayingoverthere!
A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Howa
8.______honestmanheis!
A.WhatB.WhatanC.HowD.Howan
9.—_______interestingthefilmis!
—Yes.Ihaveseenittwice.
A.WhatB.HowC.WhatanD.Howan
10.______weatheritis!
WecangoboatingontheDongchangLake.
A.HowbadB.HowgoodC.WhatgoodD.Whatbad
11.—_______fantasticdocumentaryitis!
—Doyoumeanthehotfilm“DiaoyuIsland----TheTruth”?
A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata
12._______rolesheplayedinthemovie!
That’swhyshehasalotoffans.
A.HowinterestingB.HowaninterestingC.WhatinterestingD.Whataninteresting
13.Look!
Lauraisgettingthefirstplace._______fastrunnersheis!
A.HowB.WhatC.HowaD.Whata
14.—____braveZhangHuais!
—Yes.Hehelpedhisneighbour,Mrs.Sunoutofthefire.
A.WhataB.HowC.HowaD.What
15.—Anumberofpeople_______killedbytheterroristsattheUrumqitrainstation.—_______terribleitis!
A.were;HowB.was;HowC.were;WhatD.was;What
16.—______sweetmusic!
—AndIreallyliketheVoiceofChinaTVprograms.
A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa
17.______nervousthegirlwas!
Shecouldnotfallasleepallnight.
A.WhatB.WhataC.How
二、按要求完成下面的句子,每空一词
1.Theseflowersareverybeautiful.(改为感叹句)______________theseflowersare!
2.Thelittleboyisveryclever.(改为感叹句)______________thelittleboyis!
3.It’safunnystory.(改为感叹句)_____________________storyitis!
4.Whatagoodgirlsheis!
(改为同义句)_____________________girlsheis!
5.Howdeliciousthefoodis!
(改为同义句)______________fooditis!
6.Theyarerunningfast.(改为感叹句)______________theyarerunning!
7.Hersisterisaverylovelygirl.(改为感叹句)
______________lovelygirlhersisteris!
______________hersisteris!
8.Ihavereadaveryinterestingbook.(改为感叹句)_____________________bookIhaveread!
9.Yourdictionaryisveryuseful.(改为感叹句)______________yourdictionaryis!
10.Thechildrenaresinginganddancinghappily.(改为感叹句)______________thechildrenaresinginganddancing!
3、翻译
1.多么有用的一本书啊!
___________________________________
2.他们玩得多开心啊!
_____________________________________
3.那些龙舟队真是棒极了!
_________________________________
4.河里的水多么干净啊!
_______________________________________
5.李莉作业写得多认真啊!
_____________________________________
6.香港的食物真好吃啊!
_________________________________________
7.这些孩子们多么淘气啊!
_____________________________________
8.泼水节真有趣啊!
_________________________________________
第二讲:
宾语从句
宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。
它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语,将这个句子叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。
现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下:
一、宾语从句的引导词
A.由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等动词后。
连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略,但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好,特别是在笔语中。
例:
Itoldhimthathewaswrong.
1)在think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,guess等动词引起的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式,这种情况叫做宾语从句的否定转移。
例:
Idon’tthinkyouareright.(我认为你做的不对)
2)在许多带有复合宾语的句子中,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面,而用it做形式宾语。
例:
Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone.(我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)
B.由连词if、whether引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。
Whether,if在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if可以替换。
例:
Idon’tknowif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.
Theteacheraskedif/whetherwehadfinishedtheexperiment.
只用whether不用if:
1)在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导
例:
Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.
2)宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导
例:
Idon’tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.
3)和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导
例:
Icouldn’tdecidewhethertodoit.
4)引导位于句首的主语从句时不用if引导
例:
Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.
只用if不用whether:
1)if引导条件状语从句,意为"如果"例句:
Thestudentswillgoonapicnicifitissunny.
2)if引导否定概念的宾语从句时例句:
HeaskedifIdidn'tcometoschoolyesterday.
3)引导状语从句evenif(即使)和asif(好象)时例句:
Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.
C.由wh-引导的宾语从句。
连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,和连接副词when,where,why,how等连接的宾语从句,它们在句中既有连接从句的作用,又在句中充当句子的成分。
例:
Doyouknowwhichfilmtheyaretalkingabout?
(which做定语)
Idon’tknowwherehelives.(where做地点状语)
二、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序,即连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
例:
Ibelievethattheywillcomesoon.
HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher.
Theywantedtoknowwhattheycandoforus.
3、宾语从句的时态
宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,
即:
主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定。
主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。
如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态。
例:
1)Shesaysthatsheisastudent.
Shesaidthatshewasastudent.
2)ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.
ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.
3)Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.
Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.
4)ShesaysthatshecansingasonginEnglish.
ShesaidthatshecouldsingasonginEnglish.
1)如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
例:
Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.
HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry.
2)Couldyoutellme…是用来征询对方的意见,语气委婉,并不表示过去。
例:
CouldyoutellmewhenwewillvisittheHistoryMuseum?
四、注意事项:
宾语从句与简单句的交换。
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句,如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时,可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。
例:
Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.----Ican’tknowwhattodonext.
Hedidn’tknowwherehewouldlive.----Hedidn’tknowwheretolive.
宾语从句专项练习:
一、单项选择(中考链接)
1.—So,canyoutellme______heretoday?
—Well,IwaswalkingdownCentreStreetwhenaUFOlanded.
A.whatdidyouseeB.whatyousawC.whendidyouseeitD.whenyousaw
2.—Jack,couldyoutellme______fortravellingthissummer?
—WeplantogoandseethebeautifulseainHainan.
A.whereyourfamilywillgoB.howwillyourfamilygo
C.howyourfamilywillgoD.wherewillyourfamilygo
3.—Dad,canyoutellme______totheamusementpark?
—Thedayaftertomorrow.
A.whenwearegoingB.whenwewentC.whenarewegoingD.whendidwego
4.—Excuseme,couldyoupleasetellme______?
—Sure.It’sabouttenminutes’walk.
A.howlongittakestogotothezooB.howfaritisfromheretothezooC.howfarisitfromheretothezoo
5.Ihavesometicketsforthebasketballmatch.Iwonder______.
A.whereyoubuytheticketsB.whyyouliketogothere
C.ifyou’dliketocomealongD.whenyouwatchthematch
6.Theteacherisalreadystandinghere.Doyouknowwhenshe______?
A.comesB.cameC.iscomingD.wascoming
7.—Wehavenoidea_______.
—It’sheardthatheisMr.Green’sson.
A.wherehecomesfromB.ifdoeshelivehereC.whoheisD.whoishe
8.—Excuseme,canyoutellme_______?
—Sorry,Idon’tknow.Youcangototheinformationdesk.
A.thatthereisatrainB.whenthetrainleavesC.whichtraincanItakeD.wheredoesthetraingo
9.—Mum,summerholidayiscoming.Iwonder______.
—HowaboutQinlingWildZoo?
A.wherecanwegoB.wherewecangoC.howwecangoD.howwecango
10.—Couldyoutellme_________?
—YoucantaketheNo.1bus.
A.howcanwegettoXingyiAirportB.howwecangettoXingyiAirport
C.howdowegettoXingyiAirportD.howwegottoXingyiAirport
11.—Doyouknow______themeeting?
—Tomorrowmorning.
A.whentheyhadB.whentheyaregoingtohaveC.whendidtheyhaveD.whenaretheygoingtohave
12.—David,couldyoutellme______?
—Everyfouryears.
A.whenthe2014WorldCupwillfinishB.howoftentheWorldCuptakesplace
C.howmanyteamstakepartintheWorldCupD.whomayscorethemostgoalsintheWorldCup
13.—Canyoutellme______?
—Inthreedays.
A.whenwilltheygototheScienceMuseumB.howlongtheyhavebeeninNewYork
C.howsoontheywillgotoseethechildrenleftathomeD.whattimewilltheyattendthemeeting
14.—Couldyoutellme_______?
—InAugust,2014.
A.wherewilltheYouthOlympicGamestakeplaceB.whenwill