山东省梁山一中届高三英语 语法专题复习 专题十八 冠词.docx
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山东省梁山一中届高三英语语法专题复习专题十八冠词
山东省梁山一中2014届高三英语语法专题复习：
专题十八冠词
（一）考纲要求
考纲规定，冠词考查基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词，不定冠词a与an的区别；不用冠词的情况；习语中的冠词；特指与泛指等。
（二）命题导向
冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点，几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目，不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法，习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。
（三）基本用法
当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。
冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放
在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。
1、定冠词的基本用法：
①表示
上文提到过的人或事物。
如：
Ihaveboughtabook.Thebookisveryuseful.
②用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。
如：
Closethewindow,please.
③用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。
如：
thesun,themoon,theearth,theworld等。
④用于表示方位的名词之前。
如：
theeast,theright.
⑤用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。
如：
th
efirst,thetallest.
⑥用于形容词之前，使其名词化。
如：
thesick,thewounded.
⑦用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。
如：
theUnitedStates,theUnitedNation.
⑧用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。
如：
theChangjiangRiver,theEastLake.
⑨用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。
如：
TheSmiths
⑩用于乐器的名词前。
如：
playthepiano;playtheviolin.
⑾ 发明物。
如：
ThecompasswasinventedinChina.
⑿ 年代名词前。
如：
Helivedinthecountrys
ideinthe1970s.
⒀ 固定词组中。
如：
inthemorning（afternoon,evening）,ontheotherhand,atthesametime
2、不定冠词的基本用法：
①泛指一个。
如：
Thereisabookonthetable.
②指人或事物的某一种类。
如：
Hisfatherisadriver.Longjingisawonderfultea.
③指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。
如：
MysisterwassavedbyaPLAmaninthefire.
④用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。
如：
Wehavemealsthreetimesaday.（我们一天吃三餐。
）
⑤表示同样的。
如：
Theyareofanage.（他们是同岁。
）
⑥表数量，相当于one,但语意较弱。
如：
Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.
⑦使抽象名词具体化。
如：
Thelittlegirlisahelptohermother.（ahand译"帮手"）
⑧固定搭配。
如：
asama
tteroffact,inahurry,inaword
3、不用冠词的情况：
①表示总称的复数名词之前。
如：
Childrenlovecartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。
）
②不含普通名词的专有名词前。
如：
WearestudyingEnglish.
③名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。
如：
Ilikethispicture;Idonothaveanymoney;Astimewenton,Einstein’stheoryprovedtobecorrect.
④季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。
如：
Shelikesspringmost.
⑤呼语前不用冠词。
如：
WhatshallIdonext,Mother?
⑥三餐饭前不用冠词。
如：
Whatdidyouhaveforlunch?
⑦节假日前不用冠词。
如：
PeoplegivegiftstoeachotheronChristmasDay.
⑧球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。
如：
Sheisfondofplaying
basketball.
⑨在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。
如：
arminarm（手挽手）;handinhand（手牵手）;sidebyside（肩对肩）;dayandday（日日夜夜）;youngandold（老老少少）;fromdoortodoor（挨门挨户）;frombeginningtoend（从头到尾）;frommorningtillnight（从早到晚）等。
练习
（一）、冠词
1.InAmerica,____caris____popularmeansoftransportation（交通设施）.
A.the,theB.a,theC.the,/D.the,a
2.----Whathappened?
----Theyleftinsuch____hurrythattheyforgottolock____door.
A.a,aB.a,theC./,theD./,a
3.Thereweretwosmallroomsinthehouse,____smallerofwhichservedas____kitchen.
A.a,theB.the,aC.the,theD.a,a
4.Iordered____booksometimeago.____bookhasarrived.
A.a,TheB.the,AC.a,AD./,The
5.MrSmithis____Europeanandhiswifeis____American.
A.an,anB.a,aC.a,anD.an,a
6.Lesson10is____mostdifficultlesson,butitisn’t____mostdifficultlessoninBookOne.
A.a,aB.a,theC.the,theD.the,a
7.Mysisterworksinafactory.Shegoeshomeonce____month.A.aB.anC.theD.every
8.Hewasabsentbecausehehadcaught____.
A.heavyacoldB.theheavycoldC.aheavycoldD.heavycold
9.____wateris____liquid.A.The,aB.A,aC./,/D./,a
10.Inwinter____peopleoftenhangupwetclothesnear____fire.
A./,/B.a,aC./,aD.the,a
11.Hehastriedtwice,andthecaptainaskshimtohave____thirdtry.
A.aB.theC.anotherD.other
12.Hewasatopstudentintheclass,heoftengot____inEnglish.
A.firstB.afirstC.secondD.thesecond
13.____
horseis____u
sefulanimal.A.The,theB.The,aC.The,anD./,a
14.TomleftShanghaiin____.
A.thesummer1995B.summer1995C.1995thesummerD.thesummerof1995
15.____childrenherelive____mosthappylife.A.The,theB.The,aC.The,/D./,the
16.Thesoldierdiedduring____WorldWarI.A.theB.thefirstC./D.a
17.In____MarxbegantolearnRussian.
A.a1870B.1870sC.theyearof1870D.the1870s
18.Aliceis____ofthetwogirls.A.tallerB.thetallC.moretallD.thetaller
19.----Canyoursisterplay____?
----No,butshecanplay____.
A.thetennis,thepianoB.tennis,pianoC.thetennis,pianoD.tennis,thepiano
20.Theintroductionisalwaysin____ofabook.
A.frontB.thefrontC.afrontD.instead
21.Shetouchedherdaughtergently____shoulder.
A.inherB.onherC.intheD.onthe
22.Both____woundedand____sickweresenttosafety.
A.
/,/B.the,theC./,theD.the,/
23.____doctorsand____nursesshouldcarefortheirpatients.
A.The,theB./,/C.The,/D./,the
24.Tellusthestoryas____Mothertoldyou.A.aB.theC.anD./
25.Doyouknowhowlong____haslivedontheearth?
A.manB.themanC.amanD.men
26.Themanwasoncethrowninto____prisonforrobbingthebank.A.aB.anC.theD./
27.____MountTaiisintheeastofChina.A.AB.TheC./D.That
28.Ilike____history.Iamstudying____historyofChina.
A.the,/B./,theC.a,/D./,a
29.Hewrotealetter____pencil.A.withB.inC.inaD.usea
30.OnOctober1,theChinesepeoplecelebrated____withnewachievementsandvictories.
A.NationalDayB.theNationalDay
C.ourNationalDayD.aNationalDay
练习
（二）、冠词
1.---Youmeanyouknowtheman
?
---Iknow________manexactlylikehim.
A.other B.the C./ D.a
2.Wouldn'titbe_________wonderfulworldifallnationslivein________peacewithoneanother?
A.a,/ B.the,/ C.a,the D.the,the
3.---Ihearthatasmanyas1,500peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.
---Yes,________newscam
eas________shocktous.
A.a,a B.the,a C./,/ D./,a
4.Atmidnighttheyreached________smallvillage________eastof___
___EverwhiteMountain.
A.a,/,the B.a,/,/ C.the,the,the D.the,an,an
5.Nanjinglieson________ChangjiangRiverandhas________populationofmorethanfourmillion.
A.the,the B.the,/ C.the,a D./,a
6.BillClintontook________officeonJanuary20th,1993andleft________officeonJanuary20th,2001.
A./,/ B.his,his C.the,the D.an,his
7.Welearntogoallouttoworkfor____goodof____society.
A.the,/ B./,/ C./,a D.the,the
8.Parisis____mostbeautifulcity,whereyoucansee____famousEiffelTower.
A.a,the B.a,/ C.the,a D.the,the
9.---Whatabout____bike?
---Doyouthinkitallrighttobuyhim____bikeas____birthdaypresent?
A.the,the,the B.a,the,a C.the,a,the D.the,the,a
10.Hehaddecidedtogiveitup,buton____secondthoughtshedecidedtotry____thirdtime.
A.the,a B./,/ C.a,a D./,a
11.Towards____morning,____heavyrainbegantofall.
A.the,a B.
a,a C.the,/ D.the,/
12.---Excuseme,whereare____booksforbiology?
---Followme.They'reonthisshelf.Doyouwant____neworusedbook?
A.a,a B.a,the C.the,a D.the,the
13.Youngasheis,Davidhasgained____richexperiencein____society.
A./,/ B.the,the C.a,/ D./,the
14.---Mysonislost.Didyouseeaboypassingby?
---Isaw____boyhiddenbehind____treeoverthere.Youmaygoandhavealook.
A.a,a B.the,the C.a,the D.the,a
15.Maryclimbedtothetopofthemountainin____hurry,loo
keddownandfoundin____surprisethat____wholetowntookonanewlook.
A.a,the,the B.a,/,the C./,/,the D./,/,a
16.In____oldsocietymanyyoungwomendiedbysocuriousandcruel____custom.
A.an,a B./,the C.the,a D.the,/
17.---You'resuretohelpmefind____bedformynewhouse?
---Sure,butnotnow.I'mheadingfor____bedandagoodsleep.
A.a,a B.the,a C.a,/ D.the,/
18.Thewheelisthoughttobe_____firstinventionof_____transportation.
A.the,the B.a,a C.a,/ D.the,/
19.Somepeoplesaythat____Britishare_____funnypeople.
A.the,a B./,the C./,/ D.the,/
20.Don'tworryabout_____mistakes.They're___
__naturalpartoflearning.
A./,a B.the,/ C./,the D.the,the
21.---Selmalooksespeciallyprettytonight. ---Yes,shealwayslooksherbestin_____ofthatkind.
A.thedress B.adress C
.dress D.thedresses
22.---_____didyouthinkoftheexhibition?
---Oh,itwas____success.
A.How,reallyaB.What,great C.How,/ D.What,quitea
23.Thechildhadonly_____slighttemperature,butthedoctorregarded_____illnessasseriousenoughfor____hosp
italtreatment.
A./,/,the B.a,/,/ C.a,the,/ D./,the,the
24.---Didyouhave____wonderfultimeyesterday?
---Yes.Iwason_____topof_____world.
A./,the,a B.a,/,the C.a,a,the D.a,the,the
25.Idon'tusuallyhave_____breakfast,butIalwayseat_____goodlunch.
A./,/ B./,a C.the,/ D./,the
26.---Ihearthere'llbe____talkonEnglishstudytomorrowmorning.
---Doyoumean____speechourteacheraskedustolistento?
A.a,the B.the,a C.th
e,the D.a,a
27.Mr.Stockruns_____smallbusiness,whoisin____Mexicoonbusiness.
A.a,a B./,/ C.a,the D.a,/
28.Although_____
motorcarhasbeenwithusforalmostacentury,Ihaveneverbeenabletodrive_____Americanone.
A.a,the B.a,/ C.the,an D.the,the
29.Xi'anwas_____startingpointof_____world-famousSilkRoad.
A./,/ B.a,a C.the,/ D.the,the
30.---Whatdoes"on_____onehand
…on_____other"means?
---What_____greatfun!
You'reask
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