大学英语阅读篇Word下载.docx
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1.Whotookastronganalysisofthephilosophicaldifferencesbetweenutopiansandrealists
A.AdolphHitlerdid
B.did
C.Neorealistdid
D.Molotovdid
2.WhatdidutopianmeaninCarr’sopinion
A.Idealistswhoplacedemphasisoninternationallawandorganizationandontheinfluenceofmoralityandpublicopinionintheaffairsofnations.
B.Na?
veopponentsofpowerpolitics.
C.Status-quopowers
D.Revisionists.
3.Whatistheconsequenceofnationalself-determination
A.Producingrepresentativegovernments.
B.Givingrisetoamorepervasiveandoppressivetotalitarianstates.
C.BothAandB
D.SometimesA,sometimesB.
4.WhatwastheinfluenceoftheMolotov-RibbentropPactofAugust1939
A.tosetthestageforAdolphHitler’sinvasionofPoland
B.leadingtotheoutbreakofWorldWar
C.acauseofthepartitionofPoland
D.allofA,BandC
5.Whichonecanserveasthetitleofthispassage
A.Post-WorldWar
Realism
B.Post-WorldWar
Utopians
C.andtheCrisisofWorldPolitics
D.TheInfluenceofVersaillesTreaty
passage2
Beyondmarkingtheseasons,thechiefintereststhatactuatedtheBabylonianastronomerinhisobservationswereastrological.AfterquotingDiodorustotheeffectthattheBabylonianpriestsobservedthepositionofcertainstarsinordertocasthoroscopes,ThompsontellsusthatfromaveryearlydaytheverynameChaldeanbecamesynonymouswithmagician.Headdsthat"
fromMesopotamia,bywayofGreeceandRome,acertainamountofBabylonianastrologymadeitswayamongthenationsofthewest,anditisquiteprobablethatmanysuperstitionswhichwecommonlyrecordasthepeculiarproductofwesterncivilizationtooktheiroriginfromthoseoftheearlydwellersonthealluviallandsofMesopotamia.OneAssurbanipal,kingofAssyria.668-626,addedtotheroyallibraryatNinevehhiscontributionoftablets,whichincludedmanyseriesofdocumentswhichrelatedexclusivelytotheastrologyoftheancientBabylonians,whointurnhadborroweditwithmodificationsfromtheSumerianinvadersofthecountry.Amongthesemustbementionedtheserieswhichwascommonlycalled'
theDayofBel,'
andwhichwasdecreedbythelearnedtohavebeenwritteninthetimeofthegreatSargonI.,kingofAgade,3800.Withsuchancientworksasthesetoguidethem,theprofessionofdeducingomensfromdailyeventsreachedsuchapitchofimportanceinthelastAssyrianEmpirethatasystemofmakingperiodicalreportscameintobeing.Bythesethekingwasinformedofalltheoccurrencesintheheavensandonearth,andtheresultsofastrologicalstudiesinrespecttoafterevents.Theheadsoftheastrologicalprofessionweremenofhighrankandposition,andtheirofficewashereditary.ThevarietyofinformationcontainedinthesereportsisbestgatheredfromthefactthattheyweresentfromcitiesasfarremovedfromeachotherasAssurinthenorthandErechinthesouth,anditcanonlybeassumedthattheyweredespatchedbyrunners,ormenmountedonswifthorses.AsreportsalsocamefromDilbat,Kutba,Nippur,andBursippa,allcitiesofancientfoundation,thekingwasprobablywellacquaintedwiththegeneralcourseofeventsinhisempire."
1.WhatactuatedtheBabylonianastronomer
A.Markingtheseasons
B.Astrology
D.NeitherofAandB
2.Where,accordingtoThompson,didmanysuperstitionsofwesterncivilizationoriginatefrom
A.Nineveh
B.Babylonia
C.Assur
D.Erech
3.Howwasthesocialstatusofanastrologeratthattime
A.Ofhighsocialstatus
B.Ofmiddlesocialstatus
C.Oflowsocialstatus
D.Itwasn’tmentionedinthepassage.
4.Howwasthekingacquaintedwiththegeneralcourseofeventsinhisempire
A.Byperiodicalreportsofastrologyfromthecitiesoftheempire.
B.Byscientificreportsfromspecialists.
C.Byrumors
D.Bymakingatourindisguise
5.Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinthispassage
A.astronomy
B.physics
C.meteorology
D.astrology
passage3
MrMalthusverycorrectlydefines,"
therentoflandtobethatportionofthevalueofthewholeproducewhichremainstotheowner,afteralltheoutgoingsbelongingtoitscultivation,of
whateverkind,havebeenpaid,includingtheprofitsofthecapitalemployed,estimatedaccordingtotheusualandordinaryrateoftheprofitsofagriculturalstockatthetimebeing."
Whenever,then,theusualandordinaryrateoftheprofitsofagriculturalstock,andalltheoutgoingsbelongingtothecultivationofland,aretogetherequaltothevalueofthewholeproduce,therecanbenorent.
Andwhenthewholeproduceisonlyequalinvaluetotheoutgoingsnecessarytocultivation,therecanneitherberentnorprofit.
Inthefirstsettlingofacountryrichinfertileland,andwhichmaybehadbyanyonewhochoosestotakeit,thewholeproduce,afterdeductingtheoutgoingsbelongingtocultivation,willbetheprofitsofcapital,andwillbelongtotheownerofsuchcapital,withoutanydeductionwhateverforrent.
Thus,ifthecapitalemployedbyanindividualonsuchlandwereofthevalueoftwohundredquartersofwheat,ofwhichhalfconsistedoffixedcapital,suchasbuildings,implements,&
c.andtheotherhalfofcirculatingcapital,--if,afterreplacingthefixedandcirculatingcapital,thevalueoftheremainingproducewereonehundredquartersofwheat,orofequalvaluewithonehundredquartersofwheat,theneatprofittotheownerofcapitalwouldbefiftypercentoronehundredprofitontwohundredcapital.
Foraperiodofsomeduration,theprofitsofagriculturalstockmightcontinueatthesamerate,becauselandequallyfertile,andequallywellsituated,mightbeabundant,andtherefore,mightbecultivatedonthesameadvantageousterms,inproportionasthecapitalofthefirst,andsubsequentsettlersaugmented.
1.InMrMalthus’opinion,therentoflandandprofitsofthecapitalemployedincultivation__________________
A.havenotbeenpaid.
B.havebeenpaid.
C.havebeenpartiallypaid
D.oughttobepaid.
2.What,accordingtoMrMalthus,isthecorrelationbetweenthefourparties:
rentofland,outgoingsnecessarytocultivation,profitofcapitalandvalueofthewholeproduce
A.outgoingsnecessarytocultivation=rentofland+profitofcapital+valueofthewholeproduce
B.profitofcapital=valueofthewholeproduce–rentofland–outgoingsnecessarytocultivation
C.valueofthewholeproduce=landoftherent+outgoingsnecessarytocultivation–profitofcapital
D.profitofcapital=valueofthewholeproduce+rentofland–outgoingsnecessarytocultivation
3.Whendoesacultivatorhavenoprofitunderthefollowingcircumstances
A.Theusualandordinaryrateoftheprofitsofagriculturalstockistogetherequaltothevalueofthewholeproduce.
B.Thewholeproduceisonlyequalinvaluetotheoutgoingsnecessarytocultivation.
C.Acultivatortakesfirstsettlingofacountryrichinfertileland
D.Thelandisnotfree.
4.Inthefifthparagraph,if,afterreplacingthefixedandcirculatingcapital,thevalueoftheremainingproducewerefiftyquartersofwheat,theneatprofittotheownerofcapitalwouldbe___
A.50%
B.100%
C.75%
D.25%
5.Theauthorbelievestheprofitsofagriculturalstockare____
A.unsustainable
B.sustainable
C.sometimessustainable
D.dependingontheweather
passage4
Whilethelaborerisconfinedtothecultureofthesoilonhisown-account,becauseitisinthatmanneralonethathecanobtainaccesstothewagesonwhichheistosubsist,theformandamountoftheRentshepaysaredeterminedbyadirectcontractbetweenhimselfandtheproprietor.Theprovisionsofthesecontractsareinfluencedsometimesbythelaws,andalmostalwaysbythelongestablishedusages,ofthecountriesinwhichtheyaremade.Themainobjectinallis,tosecurearevenuetotheproprietors