英文文献方法论.ppt

英文文献方法论.ppt

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Describing,AcademicWritingCourse,Methodology,Contents,WhatisMethodology?

1.thesystematic,theoreticalanalysisofthemethodsappliedtoafieldofstudy,orthetheoreticalanalysisofthebodyofmethodsandprinciplesassociatedwithabranchofknowledge;2.theanalysisoftheprinciplesofmethods,rules,andpostulatesemployedbyadiscipline;3.thesystematicstudyofmethodsthatare,canbe,orhavebeenappliedwithinadiscipline;4.thestudyordescriptionofmethods-Wikipedia,DataCollectionMethods?

Whatisaquestionnaire?

aresearchinstrumentconsistingofaseriesofquestionsandotherpromptsforthepurposeofgatheringinformationfromrespondentsadata-gatheringdevicethatelicitsfromarespondenttheanswersorreactionstopre-arrangedquestionspresentedinaspecificorderaseriesofquestionsaskedtoindividualstoobtainstatisticallyusefulinformationaboutagiventopicagroupofprintedquestionsusedtocollectinformationfromthepeoplewhoanswerthem（usuallycalledrespondents）ThequestionnairewasinventedbySirFrancisGalton.,QuestionTypes?

Closed-endedquestions,open-endedquestions,AdvantagesandDisadvantages?

P51,Stepstodesignaquestionnaire?

1.Decidetheinformationrequired.2.Definethetargetrespondents.3.Choosethemethod（s）ofreachingyourtargetrespondents.4.Designthequestions.,5.Putquestionsintoameaningfulorderandformat.6.Checkthelengthofthequestionnaire.7.Pre-testthequestionnaire.8.Developthefinalsurveyform.,P51,Practicemakingaquestionnaire,Workinsmallgroupsinanattempttodesignaquestionnairetoobtaininformationaboutstudentsattendanceandreasonsfortheirabsencefromclass.,Whatismethodologysectionabout?

providestheinformationbywhichastudysvalidityisjudged.answerstwomainquestions:

1）Howwasthedatacollectedorgenerated?

2）Howwasitanalyzed?

Thewritingshouldbedirectandpreciseandwritteninthepasttense.,Whatincluded?

InvestigateperceptionsofEnglishneedsinamedicalcontextamongcollegestudentsinTaiwan,341medicalstudentsintheDepartmentofMedicine,including97freshmen,74sophomores,90juniors,and80seniors,and20facultymembersinthemedicalprogram,ChungShanMedicalCollegeinTaichung,Taiwan,China,Twoquestionnaires,Thequestionnairewasgiventothemedicalstudents.Thefacultyquestionnairewasgivento20teachers.,Thedatawerecomputer-analyzedusinganSPSSprogram.,P40-41,Researchobjective,ResearchsubjectsorParticipants,Researchlocation,Materials,Procedures,Statisticalanalysis,Thequestionnairetothestudentsincludes5sectionswith23questions:

demographicinformationimportanceofEnglishincollegeandprofessionalcareersperceivedlanguageskillneedsandproblemstheactivitiesneededinafreshmanlanguagecoursesuggestionsfordevelopmentofcoursecontentandmaterialsaswellasdemographicinformation.,Questionnairestothestudentsandthefaculty?

Thequestionnairetothefacultywith16questionsin4sections,P42,Whatmaybeincludedinmethodologysection?

Discussion&Summary,P45,1）Overviewoftheexperiment:

onesentencebrieflytellswhatwasdone（likeatopicsentence）;2）Population:

statethepeople/subjectsstudied,orthethingstested;3）Location:

wherethestudytookplace;4）Restriction/Limitingconditions:

precautionstakentomakesurethatthedataarevalid;5）SamplingTechniques:

describehowthesubjectareselectedforthestudy;6）Materials:

describethematerialsusedtoconductthestudyorexperiment;7）Procedures:

Statethestepsoftheexperimentinachronologicalorder;8）StatisticalTreatment:

describehowthestatisticsareexamined.,3WritingPractice,Keysforreference,3.1Readthefollowingsentences.Theyarealltakenfrommethodsectionsfromdifferentresearcharticles.Ineachcase,determinewhichinformationelementisrepresented.,1.Atotalof369participants（52.7%female）ofEuropeanoriginswithameanageof27.2wererecruitedbyresearchassistantsinpublicplacesintheMontrealregion.2.Thedatausedforthecurrentanalysisconsistof60textstakenfrom20engineeringjournals.3.ExperimentersapproachedpotentialparticipantsbyintroducingthemselvesasstudentsfromtheUniversityofQuebecinMontrealandthenaskediftheywouldaccepttoparticipateinashortstudyonfacialexpressions.4.ThestudyaimstoexaminetheuseofSEFasatoolforprovidingevidenceofteachingeffectivenessintertiaryeducation.,subjects,materials,procedure,overview,P45,5.TheresultsofthetwoquestionnairesweresubjectedtostatisticaltestsofreliabilityandsignificanceusingSPSS.6.Envelopescontainingthesurveymaterialsweresenttothelocalbusinessmanagerofeachunion.Intheenvelope,therewereacoverletterexplainingtheproject,aquestionnaire,andapre-paidreturnenvelope.Theunionbusinessmanagerswerecontactedandaskedtoselectworkersfromtheirunionstofinishthequestionnaire.7.Theparticipantswere90first-yearstudentsfromtheSchoolofForeignLanguagesatamajoruniversityinNanjing.Theiraverageagewas18.Theyconstitutedaconveniencesample.8.TheinvestigationwasperformedinanationallaboratoryaffiliatedtoaresearchcenterforindustrialautomationinNanjing,JiangsuProvince.,dataanalysis,procedureandmaterials,sampling,researchlocation,Voiceusedinmethodologysection?

2.1.1Gooverthereadingpassagein1.2andmarktheverbsinthepassivevoiceandcompletethefollowingtable:

wasinitiated,weretranslated,pilotedandmodified;weregivento;wasgathered,weredeveloped;weresentto;weregivento,werecomputer-analyzed;weredetermined;wereconducted,2.1.2Rewritethefollowingparagraphwiththepassivevoice.,P43,2.Languagefocusthepassivevoice,Somepeopleconsiderpoisonivyinfectiontobehumorous.Butitisnotfunnyatall.Contactwiththeplantcausesarashthathastheintensityofafreshmosquitobiteandlastsforseveraldays.Scientistshavestudiedpoisonivyinfectionforcenturies,buttheyhavefoundnopreventivepillsorinoculation.Thepoisonoussubstanceintheplantiscalledurushiol.Afterurushiolhastouchedtheskin,blistersandweepingsoreswillsooncovertheexposedarea.,Poisonivyinfectionisconsideredbysomepeopletobehumorous.Butitisnotfunnyatall.Arashthathastheintensityofafreshmosquitobiteandlastsforseveraldaysiscausedbycontactwiththeplant.Poisonivyinfectionhasbeenstudiedbyscientistsforcenturies,butnopreventivepillsorinoculationhasbeenfound.Thepoisonoussubstanceintheplantiscalledurushiol.Aftertheskinistouchedbyurushiol,theexposedareawillsoonbecoveredbyblistersandweeping.,2.Languagefocus,2.2Sequentialmarkers,acertaingroupofitems,mainlyadverbsandprepositionphrases,thatlinksentencestogetherintoalargerunitofdiscourse.,1.Theycanindicatechronologicalorder,ororderofimportance:

firstsecondlythirdlytobeginwithnexttoconclude2.Theycanaddtoorreinforcewhathasalreadybeensaid:

furthermoreinadditionwhatismorealso3.Theycanindicatethattwopropositionshaveequalstatus:

likewisesimilarly4.Theycanindicatecause-effectrelationships:

consequentlysoasaresulttherefore5.Theycanindicatethatagivenpropositioncontradictsanearlierone:

converselyonthecontrarybycontrast6.Theycanindicateconcession:

neverthelessinanycase7.Sometimesadistinctionismadebetweenexternalandinternalsequencers:

firstofallthenfinallycanindicatechronologicalsequence（external）ororderofimportance（internal）,Thefollowingsentencesdescribetheprocessofmakingpaper.Usesequentialmarkerstorewritethemintoacohesiveparagraph.,1.Thelogsareplacedintheshredder.2.Theyarecutintosmallchipsandmixedwithwaterandacid.3.Themixtureisheatedandcrushedtoaheavypulpwhichiscleaned.4.Itischemicallybleached.5.Itispassedthroughrollerstobeflattened.6.Sheetsofwetpaperareproduced.7.Thewaterisremovedfromthesheetswhicharepressed,driedandrefinedandthefinishedpaperisproduced.,P44,2.Languagefocus,Keysforreference,Firstly,thelogsareplacedintheshredder.Then,theyarecutintosmallchipsandmixedwithwaterandacid.Afterthat,themixtureisheatedandcrushedtoaheavypulpwhichiscleaned.Itisalsochemicallybleached.Later,itispassedthroughrollerstobeflattened.Thensheetsofwetpaperareproduced.Finally,thewaterisremovedfromthesheetswhicharepressed,driedandrefinedandthefinishedpaperisproduced.,AgroupofMBAstudentsfromamajormetropolitanstateuniversitywererecruitedasparticipantsfortheinvestigation.1）_（问卷调查实施）afterthetopicoftheBSChadbeendiscussedinthecourse.The136studentswhoenrolledinamanagerialaccountingcourse2）_（完成了这份问卷）.3）__（表2给出了这些参与者的背景信息）.Aswasshown,themajorityofparticipantsweremale.4）_（参与者的平均年龄约29岁）,5）_（平均工作年限约6年）.,3.2CompletethefollowingparagraphbytranslatingChineseintoEnglish.,Thequestionnairewasadministered,completedthequestionnaire,Backgroundinformationabouttheseparticipantswaspresented,Themeanageoftheparticipants,wasapproximately29yearsold,theyearofworkingexperiencewassixontheaverage,inTable2,3WritingPractice,P46,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,3.3Reorderingsentences,P47,3.4Rewritingsentences,1.Table5showsthenumberofstudentsperlevelandtheirLllanguagebackgroundswhicharerepresented.Table5showsthenumberofstudentsperlevelandtheirLllanguagebackgroundsrepresented.2.TwoquestionnaireswhichwereadministeredrespectivelytothepersonnelofficersandbusinessemployeesshowasimilarresultintermsoftheirperceptionoftheuseofEnglishintheirfirm.TwoquestionnairesadministeredrespectivelytothepersonnelofficersandbusinessemployeesshowasimilarresultintermsoftheirperceptionoftheuseofEnglishintheirfirm.3.Thescores