国际实物配送outcome2Word下载.docx
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2.largequantities.
3.longdistance
1.slowest
2.vulnerabletobadweather
3.lesspunctual
4.highrisk
Air
1265
253
4hours
1.improveefficiencyoperations
2.increasesecurity
3.useinformationtechnology
4.fasterspeed
1.hightotalcost
2.theweightlimit
3.nottoofarfromtheairport
Rail
1275
51
2days
1.largecapacity
2.relativelypunctual
3.economical
4.relativelyhighspeed
5.lesspronetointerruptionsbyproowether
1.confinedtorailroad
2.lessflexible
Directroad
1350
67.5
3days
1.betterforshort-shipped
2.flxibleandconvenient
1.smallcapacity
2.hightransportcost
3.highrateofgoodsdamage
4.disruptedbyweather
Multi-mode
1185
47.4
7daysand18hours
1.reducehandingofcargo
2.permitdoor-to-doorservice
3.reducetheriskofpilferagewithsubsequentsavingsoninsurancepremiums
4.quickertransittimes
5.enablethequotationofthroughratestothedistance
1.investmentcostarehigh
2.notallcargoissuitableforcontainersation
TheExplanationofData
Sea:
thetotalcostis£
620,thisisbecauseoftheseatransportis40ftcontainercarrying25palletsandthepriceis£
620percontainer.
Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet,thusthecostperpallet=£
620/25=£
24.8.Thetransittimeis7daysinthebasicdata.
Air:
1265,thisisbecauseoftheairwillbebyairplanecargohold,atmaximumoffivepalletandthepriceis£
1265per5pallets.Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet,thusthecostperpallet=£
1265/5=£
253.Thetransittimeis4hours.
Rail:
Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet.Thusthecostperpallet=£
1275/25=£
51.Thetransittimeis2days.thetotalmodecostis£
1275,thisisduetothattherailtransportwillbeby40ftcontainercarrying25pallets,thusthepriceis£
1275.
Directroad:
thetotalmodecostequalto£
1350,thepriceis£
1350perflatbedcontainerlorryandthedirectroadwillbebycurtainsiderigidlorrycarrying20pallets.Thusthetotalmodecostis£
1350.Costperpallet=totalmodecost/pallet,thusthecostperpallet=£
1350/20=£
67.5,thetransmittimeis3days.
Multi-mode:
firstofall,thepriceis£
125fromtheMilanGlassWorkstoGenoaCalata,addtheseamode£
620andtherailcost£
295,then,addtheroadformCoatbridgeRailporttoKirriemuirBottling,thecostis£
145.ThusTotalmodecost=£
125+£
620+£
295+£
145=£
1185.Totalpallet=25.Thetotalmodecost=£
1185/25=£
47.4.Thetime=6hours+7days+5hours+7hours=7daysand18hours.thetotalcostequalto£
1185.
Technicalreport2---Consignmentdeliveryterms
Table-Incotermsandtheirdefinition
Initial
Incoterm
Description
EXW
ExWorks(namedplaceofdelivery)
Thebuyerisresponsibleforuploading.Thistermplacesthemaximumobligationonthebuyerandminimumobligationontheseller.TheExWorkstermisoftenusedwhenmakinganinitialquotationforthesaleofgoodswithoutanycostsincluded.EXWmeansthatasellerhasthegoodsreadyforcollectionathispremisesonthedatagreetupon.Thebuyerpaysalltransportationcostsandalsobearstherisksforbringingthegoodstotheirfinaldestination.Thesellerdoesn’tloadthegoodsoncollectingvehiclesanddoesn’tclearthemforexport.
FCA
FreeCarrier(namedplaceofdelivery)
Atradetermrequiringthesellertodelivergoodstoanamedairport,terminal,orotherplacewherethecarrieroperates.Costfortransportationandriskoflosstransfertothebuyerafterdelivertothecarrier.Thesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenhehashandedthegoodsover,clearedforexport,intothechargeofthecarriernamedbythebuyeratthenamedplace.Whenusedintradeterms,theword“free”meansthesellerhasanobligationtodelivergoodstoanamedplacefortransfertocarrier.
CPT
CarriagePaidto(namedplaceofdestination)
Theriskofdamageorlosstothegoodsbeingtransportedistransferredfromthesellertothebuyerassoonasthegoodshavebeendeliveredtothecarrier.Thesellerisresponsibleonlyforarrangingfreighttothedestination,andnotforinsuringthegoodsshipmentwhenitisbeingtransported.Ithasbeendesignedtosuittheneedsofmodembusiness.
CIP
CarriageandInsurancePaidto(namedplaceofdestination)
Itreferstothatthesellerdeliverthegoodstothecarrierorfirstcarrierandpayforthecarriageofgoodsuptothenamedplaceofdestination.Meanwhile,thesellermustobtaintheinsuranceforthegoodswhileittransit.Afterthesellerdeliverthegoodstothecarrier,theriskwilltransmittobuyer.
DAT
DeliveredatTerminal(namedplaceofdestination)
Itmeansthesellercoversallthecostsoftransportsuchastheexportfees,carriage,unloadingfrommaincarrieratdestinationportanddestinationportcharges.meanwhile,itmustassumesallriskuntildestinationportorterminal.TheterminalcanbeaPort,Airport,orinlandfreightinterchange.Importduty/taxes/customscostsaretobebornebyBuyer.Theriskistransmittobuyerwhenthebuyercontrolthegoods.
DAP
Deliveredatplace(namedplaceofdestination)
Referstothesellertoshipthegoodswithinthespecifieddestination,needtoprepareforunloadingwithoutunloadingthecompletedeliverytermreferringtothearrivalofvehiclesincludingships,includingdestinationport,thesellershallbearallcostsandrisksofthegoodsshippedtothespecifieddestinationandcharges(exceptimportcharges)thistermappliestoanymodeoftransportationandmilti-modetransportbysea.
DDP
DeliveredDutyPaid(namedplaceofdestination)
ItmeanstheSellerisresponsiblefordeliveringthegoodstothenamedplaceinthecountryofthebuyer,andpaysallcostsinbringingthegoodstothedestinationincludingimportdutiesandtaxes.Thesellerisnotresponsibleforunloading.Whenthesellercompletethedeliverinthenamedplaceofdestination,therisktransmittobuyer.Thistermplacesthemaximumobligationsonthesellerandminimumobligationsonthebuyer
Explanation:
Incoterms2010
istheeighthsetofpre-definedinternationalcontracttermspublishedbythe
InternationalChamberofCommerce.Itinclude11terms,suchastheEXW,FCA,FAS,FOB,CFR,CIF,CPT,CIP,DAP,DATandDDP.Thesetermsimprovetheefficiencyofinternationaltradeandsimplifytheprocessandstages.
Thepreviousversion,therulesaredividedintofourcategories,but11incoterms2010predefinedtermsbasedonthedeliverymethodonlycanbedividedintotwocategories.Therulesofalargergroupofseven(g7)canbeinformsThechoppedofThemethodoftransmission,andasmallgroupoffourappliesonlytoThesales,onlyinvolvesThetransportofwatercanverifyTheconditionofThegoodsTheloadedonboardTheship.Theythereforeisnot2forcontainertransportation.
Table–Allocationsofcostbuyer/selleraccordingtoIncoterms2010
EXWisexfactory(placeofdelivery).Wheretheword'
sbiggestobligationtothebuyerandtheseller'
sminimumobligations.Thebuyerwillpaythecostofmanyparts,suchastheexportdeclaration,transportation,portofexport,etc.
FCAisfreecarrier(designatedplaceofdelivery),thesellerisresponsiblefortheshipment,thecarrierofthebuyer,thebuyerisresponsibleforunloadingandloadingthegoodstothecarrier.Whenthegoodsdeliveredtothecarrier,theriskwilltransferthebuyer.
TheCPTiscarriagepaidto(destination)isresponsiblefortheoriginoftheshippercostincludestransportationexportcustomsclearanceandfreightnamedplace(usuallyadestinationportorairport).Theshipperisnotresponsiblefordeliverytothefinaldestination(usuallythebuyer'
sfacilities),ortobuyinsurance.
CIPisthefreightandinsurancepaidto(designateddestination),thesellerisresponsibleformost,suchastheexportcustomsdeclarationform,loadingandunloadingchargesattheportofimportandexport.Insuranceistheresponsibilityoftheseller.Thebuyerisresponsiblefortheimportcustomsclearanceandtax.Thesellerpaysformost.
ThedeliveryDATisterminal(designateddestination),theselleristocoverallshippingcostssuchasexportcharges,transportation,unloadingfromthemaincarrierattheportofdestinationandthedestinationportcost.Thebuyerisresponsiblefortheimportcustomsclearanceandtax.Thesellerpaysformost.
Bounceis(specifythedestinationofdelivery),thesellerisresponsibleforarrangingtransportationanddeliveryofgoods,fromtraffictoolsreadyatdischarge,atthespecifiedplace.Thebuyerisresponsiblefortheimportcustomsclearanceandtax.Thesellerpaysformost.
DDPdeliverydutypaid(designateddestination),thesellerisresponsibleforthegoodssenttothedesignatedplaceinChinabuyers,thegoodstothedestinationandpayallfeesincludingimportdutiesandtaxes.Wheretheword'
slargestresponsibilityonthesellerandthebuyerminimumobligation.
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3.0Technicalreport3---Consolidationandgroupagearrangements
Chart–Consolidationandgroupagearrangements
Definitionof
Groupage
Tofillawholeboxofgoodsreceipts.Thiskindofgoodsusuallybythecarrier,respectively,inlandfreightandincontainerfreightstationorfreightstation,andthenwillbemorethantwoticketcargoinacontainer,alsowanttostandatthedestinationofinlandcontainerdepotordevanningdeliveryrespectively.Forthiskingofgoods,thecarriershouldaffordtoboxingandunboxingoperations,loadingdevanningfeest