初中英语语法倒装句和虚拟语气讲解和练习.docx
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初中英语语法倒装句和虚拟语气讲解和练习
倒装句讲解和练习
英语句子通常有两种语序:
一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序，按“主语+谓语”这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。
如果排列顺序变为“谓语（或谓语一部分）+主语”，就是倒装。
倒装句分为：
1、部分倒装
就是把谓语中的be动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语前面。
常见于下列几种情况：
（一）.only所修饰的副词，介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，要用：
only+状语+be/助动词/情态动词+主语及其他
OnlywhenhetoldmethenewsdidIknowwhathadhappened.
OnlyinthiswaycanyoumakeprogressinyourEnglish.
注意：
only修饰主语时，不需要倒装。
1.Onlyinthisway________tomakeimprovementintheoperatingsystem.
A.youcanhope B.youdidhope C.canyouhope D.didyouhope
（2）.含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时。
如：
never,little,seldom,not,notonly,notuntil,nosooner（…than）,hardly（…when）,rarely,scarcely,innoway等。
Weseldomgetupatfourinthemorning.
=Seldomdowegetupatfourinthemorning.
Notasinglewordfromhimcouldtheenemydrag.
RarelyhaveIheardofsuchasillything.
（1）hardly…when;scarcely…when…;nosooner…than…可以用正常语序hadhardlydonewhen…did或用倒装句式Hardlyhad+主语+donewhen…did句式。
hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。
Thebellhardlyhadrungwhentheclassbegan.=Hardlyhadthebellrungwhentheclassbegan.
NosoonerhadhearrivedinBeijingthanhebegantowork.
（2）notonly…butalso如连接两个成分时，不用倒装；连接句子时，前面的句子要用倒装。
Notonlywaseverythingthathehadtakenawayfromhim,butalsohisGermancitizenship.
Notonlyishebusy,butalsoIhavealotofworktodo.
NotonlydoeshespeakEnglishverywell,butalsohespeaksFrenchwell.
2．IfinallygottheworkIdreamedabout.Neverinallmylife________sohappy!
A.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfelt
3．NotuntilIbegantowork________howmuchtimeIhadwasted.
A.didn'tIrealize B.didIrealize C.Ididn'trealize D.Irealized
4．Nosooner___thanitbegantorainheavily.
A.thegamebegan B. hasthegamebegun
C.didthegamebegin D. hadthegamebegun
（3）.在so…that,such…that句型中，若把so,such引导的结构放在句首时。
Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.
5．Sodifficult_____ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIwasdeterminedtolearnEnglishwell.
A.I'vefelt BhaveIfelt C.Ididfeel D.didIfeel
（4）.省略了if的虚拟条件句中，把were,had或should放在句首时。
IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakethejob.=WereIyou,Iwouldtakethejob.
6．________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittoYangpuBridge.
A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will
（5）.把副词so放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物。
IlikereadingEnglish,sodoeshe.
（6）.把neither,nor放在句首，表示前面的否定内容也适用于另一个人或物。
Ifyouwon'tgo,neitherwillI.
7.-Idon'tthinkIcanwalkanyfurther.
-________,let'sstophereforarest.
A.NeitherandI B.NeithercanI C.Idon'tthinkso D.Ithinkso
7）用于形容词/副词/名词/动词+as（though）引导的让步状语从句中。
注意：
当表语为名词时，则名词前不加任何冠词；主谓并不倒装。
Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.
Childasheis,heknowsalot.
8．________,Ihaveneverseenanyonewho'sascapableasJohn.
A.AslongasIhavetraveled B.NowthatIhavetraveledsomuch
C.MuchasIhavetraveled D.AsIhavetraveledsomuch
（八）.由however,nomatterhow引导的让步状语从句中，把however+形容词/副词，nomatterhow+形容词/副词放在句首时。
9．________,motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.
A.Howeverlateishe B.Howeverheislate
C.Howeverishelate D.Howeverlateheis
2、全部倒装
就是把整个谓语部分放在主语之前。
注意：
谓语动词的数要与后面的主语保持一致。
常见于几种情况：
（1）.用于地点副词here,there,方位副词out,in,up,down及时间副词now,then等开头的句子里，以示强调。
Theregoesthebell.
Look!
Heretheycome.
这种倒装要求：
主语必须是名词。
主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。
Hereitis.
Awayhewent.
这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。
Herecomesthebus.
Outrushedtheboys.
（二）.当表示地点的介词短语放句首时。
注意：
谓语多为be,lie,sit,stand,come,walk等不及物动词；倒装时不需要助动词。
Underthetablearethreewhitecats.
Infrontofthetowerflewsastream.
10．Underabigtree________,halfasleep.
A.didsatafatman B.afatmansat
C.didafatmansat D.satafatman
（3）there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。
在¡°there+be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be,而用表示类似¡°存在¡±观念的其他不及物动词。
如：
live,stand,come,lie,flow,enter,rise和appear等。
Therecameshoutsforhelpfromtheriver.
Thereliesalargewheatfieldinfrontofthehouse.
Manyyearsagotherelivedanoldmaninthewoodenhouse.
（4）.表语置于句首时，倒装结构为"表语+系动词+主语"。
（1）形容词+系动词+主语
PresentatthemeetingwasMr.Green,aheadmaster.
（2）过去分词+系动词+主语
Hiddenbehindthedoorweresomenaughtychildren.
GoneforeverarethedayswhentheChinesepeoplehadtouseforeignoil.
（3）介词短语+系动词+主语
Infrontoftheplaygroundisanewly-builthouse.
（5）.有时由于主语较长，谓语很短，为保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时。
Theyarrivedatahouse,infrontofwhichsatanoldman.
（6）.在一些表示祝愿的句子里。
LonglivetheCommunistPartyofChina!
Mayyouallbehappy.
答案 1—5CDBDD 6—10BBCDD
中考复习倒装句专项练习
1．---Peter,IwillvisitourteacherthisSunday.\
----_______.Let’sgotogether.
A.NordoIB.IwilldoC.SowillID.SocanI
2．—I’mnotgoingswimmingtomorrowafternoon.
—________.Ihavetocleanupmybedroom.
A.SoamIB.NeitheramIC.NeitherIamD.SoIam
3．Onlywhentheworkisdone________beabletogobackhome.
A.youhaveB.youwillC.willyouD.haveyou
4．----Wouldyouliketogototheamusementpark?
----IfJackdoes,__________.
A.Igo,tooB.sowillIC.neitherwillID.sodoI
5．Ican’tplaythepiano,and_______.
A.neithercanmysisterB.mysistercan’t,too
C.socan’tmysisterD.canmysister,either
6．Attention,please!
There_________abasketballgamebetweenourclassandClass5.
A.hasB.isgoingtobeC.willhaveD.isgoingtohave
7．There________somejuiceandsomecakesonthetable.
A.isB.areC.amD.be
8．—Allthestudentsareworkinghardnow.
—_______.Becauseallofthemwanttogotogoodcolleges.
A.SoaretheyB.NeithertheyareC.SotheyareD.Sotheydo
9．—MybrotherandIwillgotothelibrarytomorrow.
—.Shallwegotogether?
A.SodoIB.SoIdoC.SowillID.SoIwill
10．－IhaveneverbeentoHawaii.WhataboutMike?
－.
A.SohasheB.SohedoesC.NeitherhasheD.Neitherhehas
11．--MymotherandIwillgotoShanghaithissummer.
---______.Shallwegotogether?
A.SodoI B.SocanI C.SoamI D.SowillI
12．Heswamintheriverthissummer.________
A.Sodidhe.B.Soshedid.C.Sodidshe
13．—Mymotherhardlywatchesanysportsshows.
—______.
A.SodoIB.Sodoesmine
C.NeitherdoID.Neitherdoesmine
14．-Idon'tknowaboutyou,butI'msickandtiredofthisweather.
-_______.Ican'tstandallthisrain.
A.Idon'tcareB.It'shardtosayC.SoamID.Ihopenot
15．TomlikesEnglish,___________
A.NeitherdoesPaulB.SodoesPaul
C.SohasPaulD.NeitherhasPaula
16．There____anoldclock,acomputerandsomebooksonthedesk.
A.haveB.areC.isD.has
17．Notonly,butIlearnedsomeknowledge.
A.didIhelpotherpeopleB.doIhelpedotherpeople
C.IhelpedotherpeopleD.helpingotherpeople
18．--Peterknowsmanypeoplehere.
---_________________
A.SodoIB.SoamIC.NeitheramID.NeitherdoI
19．–MysisterhasnevervisitedEiffelTower.Howaboutyou?
–__________.
A.SohaveIB.SodidIC.NeitherIhaveD.NeitherhaveI
20．--Davidwillnever____thoughhefailsagainandagain.
--_______.SoIbelievebothofyouwillsucceedoneday.
A.giveup,NeitherwillyouB.giveoff,Neitheryouwill
C.takeup,SowillyouD.takeoff,Soyouwill
21．---Ifyoudon’tgotoLucy’sbirthdaypartythisevening,______.
----Whatapity!
Shemustbeverysadifyoudon’tappear.
A.sodoIB.neitherwillIC.sowillID.neitherdoI
22．----IwillgotovisittheGreatWall.----______
A.SodoIB.SoIdoC.SowillID.SoIwill
23．Here_____theresults_____thestudentsactivitysurvey.
A.is;withB.are;ofC.is;of
24．–Jimwentswimmingwithhisparentsyesterdayafternoon.–______.
A.SoMarydid B.SoMarydoesC.SoMarywas D.SodidMary
25．—Ihaven’tseentheinterestingmovieLettheBullet（子弹）Fly.
—_________.
A.NeitherhaveIB.SohaveI
C.NeitherIhaveD.SoIhave
26．----Inrecentyears，moreandmoreAmericansliketravelingduringholidays．---_______.
A．SodoweChineseB．SowillweChinese
C．SoweChinesedoD．SoWeChinesewill
27．--Johnlikeswalkinginthecountryside.
--_____.Theyenjoyagoodtimetogethereverytime.
A.Sodoeshiswife
B.Sohiswifedoes
C.Neitherdoeshiswife
D.Hiswifedoesso
28．---Ihavechangedmyjob.---.
A.SodoIB.SohaveIC.SoIdoD.SoIhave
29．—Hehasmanybooksonscience.
—_____.
A.SoIhaveB.SoIdoC.SodoI
30．Tomdoeswellinskating,and__________.
A.sodoesJimB.soJimdoes
C.soisJimD.SoJimis
（虚拟语气）
虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。
英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：
一、与现在事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
1.动词过去式（或were）
2.助动词（过去式）+动词原形
Should
Would+动词原形
could
might
Ifhadthetime,JohnwouldmakeatriptoChinatoseetheGreatWall.
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveupdrinkingimmediately.
二.与将来事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
1. should+动词原形
2. 动词过去式
3、wereto+动词原形
Should
Would+动词原形
could
might
Ifyoushouldlose,whatwouldyoudo?
IfIweretoseehertomorrow,Iwouldtellherthetruth.
Ifyouwenttherenexttime,youwouldseewhatImean.
三、与过去事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
had+过去分词
Should
Would+have+过去分词
could
might
IfI’dknownthatitwasgoingtorain,Iwouldneverhavegoneforawalkinthecountry.
四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法
省掉if的条件从句结构：
Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.（=Ifyouhadaskedme,…）
2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：
Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.
（=Ifhewereatruefriend,he...）
（=Iftherewerenowater,…）
（=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme,…）
3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：
Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteall
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