The Rebirth of Chinese Traditional Rural Architecture窑洞的新生.docx

The Rebirth of Chinese Traditional Rural Architecture窑洞的新生.docx

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TheRebirthofChineseTraditionalRuralArchitecture窑洞的新生

TheRebirthofChineseTraditionalRuralArchitecture

Abstract

Chinesetraditionalruralarchitectureshaveregionalsuitability,butitisnecessarytofindanewmodeofresidentbuilding.Astheenvironmentimpactofurbansprawlbecomesincreasinglyevident,architectsanddesignersareturningmoreandmoretowardgreendesign.Constructinggreenbuildingconsistsofregionalsuitability,low-energyconsumptionandfeasibility.Andthenanalyzingtwocasesshowhowtobuildarchitecturesofregionalsuitability.Inaword,onlybuildabuildingofregionalsustainability,canChinesetraditionalarchitecturegivearebirth.

Keywords:

regionalsuitability,greenbuilding,low-energy,feasibility,rebirth

Content

1Introduction1

1.1CharacteristicsofChinesetraditionalvernaculararchitecture1

1.2Defectsoftraditionalvernaculararchitecture3

2TheAdvantagesandProblemsofNewRuralConstruction3

2.1Theadvantagesofnewruralconstruction4

2.2Theproblemsofnewruralconstruction5

3GreenBuildingsintheConstructionofTraditionalRuralAreas6

3.1DefinitionofGreeningBuilding6

3.2ThreeElementsofConstructingGreenBuildings6

4Casesstudy8

4.1Case1:

NewCaveDwellingswithlow-energyinLoessPlateau8

4.1.1Buildabuildinghavingregionalsuitability8

4.1.2Technologiesandmaterials8

4.1.3Thefeasibilityofdesignscheme11

4.2Case2:

Earthdwellingswithlow-energyintheheadwatersofYangtzeRivers11

4.2.1Transformationoffunctionalspace11

4.2.2Ventilationandlighting12

4.2.3Simplesewagetreatmentsystem13

4.2.4Thefeasibilityofdesignscheme14

5Conclusions14

6References15

1Introduction

1.1CharacteristicsofChinesetraditionalvernaculararchitecture

ChinesetraditionalruralbuildingsreflectthetraditionalChineseculture,suchastheCultureofFeudalEthicsandClanconcepts,aswellasthecharacteristicsofself-sufficienteconomyofthefarmingcommunity.Housingasacultureisnotonlyanimportantpartofhumancivilization,butalsomappingtheentiretrackofallthedevelopmentofcivilization[1].

ThebasiccharacteristicsofChinesetraditionalruralbuildingsshowstrongregionalism,duetodifferentgeographicalenvironmentthroughoutthecountry,suchasclimate,geography,culturaltraditions,materialsandconstructiontechniques.Therehavetheclimaticandgeographicalclassification,theSettlementclassification,theStructuralclassificationandthePlaneclassification,etc.

Chinesetraditionalarchitecturehasastrongecologicalcharacter,ecologicalspiritdominatedbythetraditionalPhilosophy.ThemostimportantfeatureofChinesetraditionalhousesisinharmonywithnature,TheChineseancientplainecologicalspiritandtheorganiclinksandunityoftraditionalphilosophicalconceptsandecologicalconceptsreflectinitsconstructionsite,buildinglayout,constructiontechnology,architecturaldecorationandotheraspects.Traditionalhousesecologicalcharacteristics,fortoday'snewsocialistcountrysideconstructionstilllearn.Thevillageiscompact,savingland.Fulluseofnaturalresources,integrationbothoftheconstructionandthenaturalenvironment,complementeachother,harmonyandunity.Anduseofnaturallighting,ventilation,energyconservation.Fulluseoflocalnativematerials,naturalmaterialstoplaytheirperformance.Architecturaldecorationreflectslocalcustoms,aestheticideasandhistoricalculturaltraditions,toreflectregionalcharacteristics,etc.Allwithtoday'ssustainablebuildingsystemissameinmanyways,worthforcontemporaryharmonioussocietylivablecommunityplanningandconstructiontolearn.

Traditionalhousesnotonlyhaveastrongregionalandecologicalcharacteristics,butalsohasastronglandscapefeatures,includingthenaturallandscapeandculturallandscape.Whichthenaturallandscapeisthenaturalenvironmentforthesurvivalofthenation,Buildingrelyingonenvironment,accordingtothenaturalconditionsputthebuildingintotheenvironment,reflectingastrongecologicalconsciousness.Atthesametime,traditionalhousesshowastrongculturallandscape,suchasdifferentcombinationsofgardenspacesequencesandconstructiongroup;criss-crosstheroofandtheinteriorpatio,roadway;distinctiveslotdoor（entrancegatehouse）;theplaza,stage,bridge,water,wellhead,ancestral,totemsinthevillages.Highlighttheculturalconnotationbytheculturallandscapearoundtheresidentialareas,itisthekeyfactorsoftheidentificationandprotectionoftraditionalhousesindifferentregions.

ChineseTraditionalEthicscreatedacontent-rich,uniquestyleChinesetraditionalarchitecturesystem.Inthehistoricaldevelopmentofthousandsofyears,ChineseTraditionalEthicsasamoralnormsexist,itregulatestheresponsibilityandobligationsofmembersofthesocietyinacomplexsocialrelationships.TheuniversalandnormativeChineseTraditionalEthicsaffectedandrestricteddeeplythetypesoftraditionalChinesearchitecture,groupslayoutandsinglebuildingsize,bodymass,buildingcolor,architecturalstyleanddecorationandsoon.Traditionalhousesasanimportanttypeoftraditionalarchitecture,alsoreflectsthefamilyethics,religiousbeliefsandbehavioralnormsfromdifferentaspectsofanation.

ThenorthernShaanxicave,forexample,showtheancientChinesepeoplearegoodatemploythelocalgeography,climate,environment,thewisdomofmakingfulluseoflimitednaturalresourcesandtheabilitytoadapttotheharshenvironmentwhentheyinthecreationofthisresidentialform.LocalresidentsduginthenaturalsoilswalltotransverseholeinShaanxiloessareas,andoftenlinktotheholesandplusbrickstoneinthecavetobuiltcave.Cavecandefendfire,defendnoise,coolinsummerandwarminwinter,saveland,economiclabor,combinenaturalpictureandpictureoflife.Itisaperfectarchitecturalformlocalconditions,permeatewiththeloveandattachmentofthepeopleinloessareas.ThecharacteristicsofChina'snorthwest:

lowannualrainfall,verydry,barrenland,thelackoftrees.Generally,localresidentslacksufficienteconomicresourcestopurchasehigh-qualitybuildingmaterialsfromotherplace,loess-thematerialofconstructionofcaveisinexhaustible.Costtobuildcave-stylehouses,theequivalentofonlyaquarterofthegroundtypedwellings.Andduetothelocalnaturalenvironment,thebuildingmainlytosoilstructurebuiltbelowgroundlevel,personcannotonlyliveanditcanbemaintainedforalongtime.Typicalandtraditionalcave-stylehouses,isbasicallyapatternofimitationcourtyard,thereisthemainroom,bedroom,kitchen,barn,pigsty,evengarden,andwallssometimes.

1.2Defectsoftraditionalvernaculararchitecture

Traditionalvernaculararchitectureisbasedonagriculturalproduction,throughthewayofconstant"trialanderror,improved"graduallyaccumulatedexperiment.Thebasiccharacteristics:

①Ithasaproductionandlifestyleofparticularareacorrespondingarchitecturalpattern（shape,spatialcomposition,buildingconstruction,etc.）andStyleandfeatures（"themonotonyandHundredFlowers"properties）;

②Theindoorthermalenvironmentqualityandlowpowerconsumptionlowcarbonpropertycompatiblewiththeregionalclimate;

③constructiontechniqueissimple,relativelylowcost.

However,thetraditionalvernaculararchitecturehassomefatalflaws:

①Theinteriorfeaturesisdifficulttomeettheneedsofmodernlifestyles;

②Agenerallackofsanitationfacilities;

③Indoorthermalenvironmentispoor,lowairquality;

④Iftheuseofmodernheatingandairconditioningequipment,highenergyconsumption.

Thus,increasinglyaffluentruralresidentshavebeenseekinganewresidentialbuildingmode.

2TheAdvantagesandProblemsofNewRuralConstruction

Developmentofnewruralconstruction，itisanobjectiveandrealisticpolicy.Ourcountry'snationalconditionsandresourceconditionsaredifficulttosupportthedevelopmentoflargeandmediumcitiesintheurbanizationoftheroad,Objectively,Farmersmigratetocitiescomewithaseriesofproblems,therearecustoms,employment,purchase,costofliving,andmanyotherconstraints.Toadoptthesmalltownlifestylethatthefarmerisfamiliarwithandcanbear,isarightchoiceataparticulartime.Currently,activelypromotingthenewruralconstruction,especiallypromotingthenewruralconstructionincentralandwestern,isarightchoiceinthisspecificperiod.

2.1Theadvantagesofnewruralconstruction

Someadvantagesofnewruralconstruction:

（1）Moreconstructionfundswillbeinvestedinruralareas

（2）Canincreasethesupplyofpublicgoodsinruralareas

（3）Stimulatingdomesticdemandinruralareastochangethegrowthmode

（4）Achieveavirtuouscycleofpopulationresourcesandenvironment

（5）Caneffectivelyreducethedifferencebetweenurbanandruralareas

Theauthorthinkstopromotethenewruralconstructionwillbeachoiceofmanybirdswithonestone.Firstly,Tocooltherealestateinvestmentinlargeandmediumcities,Attractcapitaltosmalltownsinruralareas.notonlycanpromotetheconstructionofsmalltowns,andcancontinuetoplayaroleinstimulatingthegrowthofrealestateGDPutilizationinurbanconstruction,Playalargenumberofrealestateindustrycharacteristicsofassociationtomaintainstableeconomicgrowth.Inothersidecanalsosolvetheproblemoftherealestatebubbleinbigcities.Secondly,Canimprovetheincomeoffarmers，Increasethesupplyofpublicgoodsinruralareas，letsomerichfarmerstomovetothesmalltowncanmakethelandcirculationandscalemanagementrea