英语教案句子成分与结构Word文档格式.docx
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Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名词)
ThestudentsalllovetheirEnglishteacher.
WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)
Theygotoschoolbybus.
One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.(数词)
Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)
Toseeistobelieve.
Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词)
WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes.
It’snouseregrettingit.
Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)
WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语从句)
Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
B.谓语:
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
注意动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语,不能作谓语。
一句话语法:
谓语由动词充当。
有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词.
1、可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态),行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语,又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
(1)、及物动词作谓语
Weshouldhelpeachother.
Theyrespectoneanother.
Allofthestudentslikethenovel.
Didyouseemanypeoplethere?
(2)、不及物动词作谓语
Helefthereyesterday.
You’redrivingtoofast.
Theteachercamein,bookinhand.
HewentabroadintheSeptemberof1988.
(3)连系动词表状态
Heisanexcellentteacher.
Hersonisafriendofours.
Oursisagreatcountry.
Theboxitselfisnotsoheavy.
2、谓语的构成如下:
(1)、简单谓语:
由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:
Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.
(2)、复合谓语:
(a)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
注意:
这里面的动词原形非常重要.如:
Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(b)由系动词加表语构成。
Wearestudents.
C.表语:
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
表语使用形容词,不用副词!
例如:
OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名词)
Theyarebrotherandsister.
Johniscaptainoftheteam.
Isityours?
(代词)
WhatIwanttosayisthis.
Thepoorboywasmyself.
Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)
Thespeechisexciting.(分词)
Threetimessevenistwentyone?
(数词)
Herfatherissixty-five.
HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)
Allyouneeddoistotakeataxifromtheairport.
Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.(动名词)
Myfavouritesportisswimming.
Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介词短语)
注意:
副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,所以上面说:
表语使用形容词,不用副词!
我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住。
Timeisup.Theclassisover.(副词)
Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表语从句)
D.宾语:
宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。
宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如:
Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代词)
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?
Ihavefive.(数词)
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)
Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短语)
Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)
Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:
(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:
Lendmeyourdictionary,please.如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子:
givemeabook.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.
(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:
Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.
E.宾语补足语:
英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整,宾语补足语与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:
某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词.例如:
HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名词)
Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容词)
Youmustkeepitclean.
Tomfoundtheclimbquiteeasy.
Letthefreshairin.(副词)
Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短语)
Ihavealotofworktodo.
Shehasplentyofclothestowear.
Hemademerepeatthestory
Wesawherenteringtheroom.(现在分词)
Ihavethecarwaiting.
Whydon’tyouhaveyourhaircut?
(-ed分词)
Wehadthemachinerepaired.
Ihadmywatchstolenyesterday
Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短语)
Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(从句)
(注意:
后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call,name,think,make,choose等;
后跟形容词作宾语补足语的动词有keep,find,get,think,make等;
动词不定式作宾语补足语时,当谓语动词为感官动词如feel,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,listento,lookat等,使役动词如let,have,make等,动词不定式不带to。
)
F.定语:
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语,是句子中的次要成分。
可分为前置定语和后置定语。
一般有形容词,形容词性物主代词、副词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语)或句子充当。
定语使用形容词例如:
Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)
Mr.Greenhastwosons.(数词)
Themandownstairscouldn’tsleepwell.(副词)
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;
Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)
Amangoingtodieisalwayskind-hearted.
Thesuggestionsenttothecommitteewasadopted.
Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名词)
Canyoufindouttheanswertothequestion.
HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代词)
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语)
Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词)
Abarkingdogseldombites.
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)
ThegirlunderthetreeisKate.
DoyouknowthemanwhoisstandingnexttoMr.Green?
(从句)
G.状语:
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
状语用副词,不用形容词,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。
可由副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或状语从句来充当。
Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)
Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短语)
Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分词短语)
Waitaminute.(名词)
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(状语从句)
H.句子结构
(S=主语;
V=谓语;
P=表语;
O=宾语;
O1=间接宾语;
O2=直接宾语;
C=宾语补足语)
一.S十V主谓结构|(vi.)
Iswim.
主谓
Theylistenedcarefully.Myhomeworkhasfinished.
二.S十V十O主谓宾结构(vt.)
Isawafilmyesterday.
主谓宾
Theyfoundtheirhomeeasily.Theyhavetakengoodcareofthechildren.
三.S十V十F主系表结构(系动词)
Be,系动词____________________+形容词
Heisold.
主系动表语
Thestorysoundsinteresting.
主系动词表语
ThedeskfeelshardHebecomesateacher.
Thetreesturnyellowintheautumn.
四.S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构
give,ask__________________sbsth
Hegavemeabook.
主谓宾1宾2
Hebroughtmeapen.Heofferedmehisseat
Hegotmeachair
五.S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构
Theymadethegirlangry.
主谓宾宾补
Theyfoundherhappythatday.
Iheardtheglassbrokenjustnow.
【过手练习】
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.
2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.
4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.
7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.
9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.
11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.
13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?
15.Tobehonest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?
17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.
18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.
20.Theapplestastedsweet.
【拓展训练】
1、选择填空:
()1.____willleaveforBeijing.
A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow
C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow
()2.Theweather____.
A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold
()3.Theappletasted____.
A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet
()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.
A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter
()5.Theactor______attheageof70.
A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded
()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.
A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we
()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.
A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly
()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.
A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis
()9.Thedog____mad.
A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked
()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.
A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where
2.阅读理解:
LittleTomdownthestreetcallsourdog"
Thekeepdog"
.Zipisasheepdog.ButwhenTomtriestosay"
Seep"
itcomesout"
keep"
.AndinawayTomisright.Zipisalwaysbringingthingshoemforustokeep!
I'
lltellyouaboutsomeofthem.
Zip'
sfirstpresentwasashoe.Itwasmadeofgreensilk.
Wedidn'
tknowhowZipfoundtheshoe.ButafteramomentMary,mybigsister,toldmetheshoehadastrangesmell.Inodded(点头)andheldmynose."
Whatdoyouthinkitis?
"
Itsmellslikesomethingforcleaning.Ithinksomeonetriedtocleanaspot(污点)offtheshoe.Thenheputitatthedoortodry."
AlongcameZip.Andgood-byeshoe!
Isaid."
Weshouldtakeitback."
Wecan'
t"
.saidmysistter.
MaybelittleTomisright,"
Marysaid."
MaybeZipisakeepdog!
1.ThewriterandMarydidn'
tknow______.
A.whatZip'
sfirstpresentwasB.howZipcarrieditsfirstpresenthome
C.whoownedZip'
sfirstpresentD.whatZip'
sfirstpresentwasmadeof
2.TomcallsZip"
thekeepdog"
because______.
A.thedoglikeskeepingthingsB.thedoglikesplayingwithshoes
C.hedoesn'
tknowthedog'
snameD.hecan'
tpronouncetheword"
sheep"
well
3.Whatmadetheshoestrangewas______.
A.itscolour
B.itssmellC.itssize
D.thatitwasasilkone
4.Theword"
inthelastsentencemeans"
_____"
A.keepingthingsforitselfB.bringingthingsforothertokeep
C.notlettingitrunaboutD.takingcareofasmallchild
5.Wecanknowfromthereadingthatthedog_____.
A.likestogivepresentstopeopleB.hasbeenkeptinatthewriter'
shome
C.hasbroughtsometroubleD.likestobecalled"
3.阅读短文,根据首字母提示填空,每空一词。
Mo