英语四级真题及答案L文档格式.docx

英语四级真题及答案L文档格式.docx

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　　Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?

Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapseofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?

Thus,integritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.

RiskyBusiness

　　Weareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision-makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedid,andthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.

　　Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'

tseetheriskswe'

retaking,wecan'

tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn'

tknowtherulesaboutplagiarismmayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercredit,oronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"

unintentional"

doesnotexcusethemisconduct.Ignoranceisnotadefense.

"

ButEverybodyDoesIt"

　　Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfacts,butmanagetofoolthemselvesabouttherisksthey'

retakingbyusingexcuses:

"

Everyoneelsedoesit,"

I'

mnothurtinganyone,"

or"

Ireallyneedthisgrade."

Excusescangetveryelaborate:

IknowI'

mlookingatanother'

sexam,eventhoughI'

msupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat'

snotcheatingbecauseI'

mjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying."

Wemustbehonestaboutouractions,andavoidexcuses.Ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe'

renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan'

tseetherealchoicewe'

remaking--andthatleadstobaddecisions.

　　Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:

Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublic,andanyonecouldbewatchingoveryourshoulder.Wouldyoufeelproudorashamedofyouractions?

Ifyou'

dratherhideyouractions,that'

sagoodindicationthatyou'

retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.

EvaluatingRisks

　　Todecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmediatebenefits（"

what'

sinitforme"

）,andsimplyhaven'

tconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareserious,andmayincludea"

0"

onatestorassignment;

an"

F"

intheclass;

suspensionordismissalfromschool;

transcriptnotation;

andatarnishedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaruleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlife,andgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishment:

youhavenocontroloverwhatthatpunishmentmightbe.Thisisanextremelyprecariousandvulnerableposition.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeath,orhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearen'

tmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.

GettingAwayWithIt--OrNot

　　Thosewhodon'

tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesn'

tlearnfromthetest,deprivinghim/herselfofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:

thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-esteemandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guilty,andafraidofgettingcaught.Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesn'

tgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems"

easier."

Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.Studentshavebeendismissedfromschoolbecausetheydidn'

tgetthissimplemessage:

HonestyistheONLYpolicythatworks.

CheatingHurtsOthers,Too

　　Cheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractions"

don'

tcount"

anddon'

treallyhurtanyone.Butindividualchoiceshaveaprofoundcumulativeeffect.Cheatingcanspreadlikeadisease,andacheatercanencourageothersjustbybeingseenfromacrosstheroom.Recentstatisticssuggest30%ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.Ifaclassisgradedonacurve,cheatinghurtsothers'

grades.Evenifthereisnocurve,cheating"

poisons"

theclassroom,andothersmayfeelpressuredtojoinin.（"

IfIdon'

tcheat,Ican'

tcompetewiththosewhodo."

）Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoodteachingisseeingstudentslearn,but⑧.acheatersays,"

mnotinterestedinwhatyou'

retryingtoteach;

allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers."

Theendresultisablatantanddestructiveattackonthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheUniversity,andharmthosewhoworkedhardfortheirdegree.

　　Ifcheatingbecomesthenorm,thenweareinbigtrouble.⑨.Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofotherseveryday.Ifnot,wecouldn'

tputmoneyinthebank,buyfood,clothing,ormedicinefromothers,driveacrossabridge,getonaplane,gotothedentist--thelistisendless.Therearemanyexamplesofthevastharmthatiscausedwhenindividualsforgetorignoretheeffecttheirdishonestycanhave.Thesavingsandloanscandal,thestockmarketandjunkbondswindles,and,ofcourse,⑩.Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.Suchincidentstakeatremendoustollonournation'

seconomyandourindividualwell-being.Forexample,butforthesavingsandloandebacle,theremightbefundsavailabletoreducethenationaldebtandpayforeducation.

　　Insum,weallhaveacommonstakeinourschool,ourcommunity,andoursociety.Ouractionsdomatter.Itisessentialthatweactwithintegrityinordertobuildthekindofworldinwhichwewanttolive.

1.Apersonofintegritynotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutalso_______。

　A）stickstothemintheirdailylife　　B）makesthemknowntoothers

　C）understandstheirtruevalues　　D）seesthatothersalsofollowthem

2.Whatroledoesintegrityplayinpersonalandprofessionalrelationships?

　A）Ithelpstocreateteamspirit　B）Itfacilitatescommunication

　C）Itisthebasisofmutualtrust　D）Itinspiresmutualrespect

3.Whymustwelearntoidentifytheriskswearegoingtotake?

　A.Toensurewemakeresponsiblechoices　B.Toavoidbeingoverwhelmedbystress

　C.sothatwedon’tbreakanyrules　D.sothatwedon’trunintotrouble

4.Violationofaruleismisconductevenif_______

　A.ithascausednoharm　B.itisclaimedtobeunintentional

　C.ithasgoneunnoticed　D.itiscommittedwithgoodintentions

5.Whatshouldonedoifhedoesn’twishtofoolhimself?

　A.Avoidmakingexcuses　B.Listentootherpeople’sadvice

　C.Makehisintensionspublic　D.Haveotherswatchoverhisshoulder

6.Thosewhotakeriskstheyregretlateron_______。

　A.willoftenbecomemorecautious　B.areusuallyveryaggressive

　C.valueimmediatebenefitsmost　D.mayloseeverythingintheend

7.Accordingtotheauthor,acheaterwhodoesn’tgetcaughtrightawaywill_______

　A.paymoredearly　B.becomemoreconfident

　C.bewidelyadmiredD.feelsomewhatlucky

8.Cheatersatexamdon’tcareabouttheireducation,alltheycareaboutishowto_______

9.Integritymattersinthatallsocialactivitiesrelyonpeople’s_________________________

10.ManyAmericanslostfaithintheintegrityoftheirpoliticalleadersasaresultof_______ 

PartIIIListeningComprehension

SectionA

11.A.ReadthenoticeonthewindowB.Getanewbusschedule

C.GoandaskthestaffD.BoardthebustoCleveland

12.A.Hewaslookingforwardtoseeingthegiraffes.

B.Heenjoyedwatchingtheanimalperformance.

C.HegothometoolatetoseetheTVspecial

D.HefellasleepinthemiddleoftheTVprogram.

13.A.Shewantstotakethemostdirectway.

B.Shemaybelateforthefootballgame.

C.Sheisworriedaboutmissingherflight.

D.Sheiscurrentlycaughtinatrafficjam.

14.A.AtarestaurantB.InafishshopC.AtaclinicD.Onafishingboat

15.A.Heisanexperiencedsalesmanager.

B.Heisbeinginterviewedforajob.

C.Heisaclosefriendofthewoman.

D.Heisgoodatansweringtrickyquestions.

16.A.Themanshouldconsiderhisprivacyfirst.

B.Themanwillchoosealow-rentapartment.

C.Themanisnotcertainifhecanfindaquieterplace

D.Themanisunlikelytomoveoutofthedormitory.

17.A.Thewomanisgoingtomakehertopicmorefocused.

B.Th