定语从句小结讲解.docx

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定语从句小结讲解.docx

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定语从句小结讲解.docx

定语从句小结讲解

《定语从句小结》

一.定语是限定修饰名词或代词的。

二.除形容词外,还有名词、代词、数词、冠词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。

(1)awhitewall(冠词、形容词)

(2)ourclassroom(代词)

(3)fiveboys(数词)

(4)aboyschool(名词)

注意:

特殊manwoman这两个名词作定语时,单复数要随后面的名词而定。

如:

amandoctor,twomendoctors

awomanscientist,threewomenscientists

Therearewomenpoliceofficers,womendoctors,teachers,engineers,farmersandsoon.

(5)Themaninthetreecamedown..(介词短语)

(6)Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式)

(7)arunningmachine(现在分词)

(8)apollutedriver(过去分词)

(9)areadingroom(动名词)

(10)定语从句:

在复合句中,限定修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

Aplaneisamachine

canfly.

(先行词)关系代词(主语,不能省)

定语从句所修饰的名词叫先行词。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when,why。

关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起联系作用,同时又作定语从句的一个成分。

区别:

Thefact/thathehadnotsaidanything/surprisedeverybody.

Thefact/thatwetalkedabout/isveryimportant.

(一)关系代词的用法:

1.that主要指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。

作主语不能省,作宾语可以省。

(1)Thenoodles/thatwereonthetable/weredelicious.(主语,指物)

(2)Whoistheman/thatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?

/

(主语,指人)

(3)Thatisthebesthotel/(that)Iknow./(宾语,指物)

2.which只能指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。

作主语不能省,作宾语可以省。

(1)Achemist'sshopisashop/whichsellsmedicine./(主语)

(2)Thefilm/(which)wesawlastnight/iswonderful.(宾语)

3.who,whom,whose指人,在从句中分别作主语、宾语或定语.whom作宾语可以省。

(1)Theboy/whobrokethewindow/iscalledTom.(主语)

(2)Thegirl/whomwesawyesterday/isJim'ssister.(宾语)

(3)WeiFangisthestudent/whosehousecaughtfirelastweek./(定语)

(4)Iliveinaroom/whose(指物,特殊)windowopenstothesouth./(定语)

(二)

介词+

介词的选择要根据定语从句中有关动词的固定搭配。

(先行词)

(1)Thepencil/withwhichhewaswriting/broke.

(2)Theperson/towhomIspokejustnow/isthemanager/(whom)Itoldyouabout./

(3)WuDong,withwhomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.

(4)TheoldOlympicGames/fromwhichthemoderngamescame/beganaroundtheyear776BCinGreece.

练习:

(1)LastspringwevisitedtheWestLake,Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.

(2)Whereistheshirtyoupaid20US$?

(3)Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestisTaiwan.(如果","改为"."则填)

(4)Shehadasonandtwodaughters,

servedinthearmy.(如果","改为".",则填)

(5)CanyounametheprovincestheYangtzeRiverflows.?

(6)TheywereheldinGreece—thecountrytheGameswereborn.

(7)Theapples,halfhavegonebad,areinabasket.

学习短语介词+关系代词引导的定语从句:

(1)Heworksinamiddleschool.Infrontofitthereisariver.

合并:

Heworksinamiddleschool,infrontofwhichthereisariver.

(2)Thesoldierrantothebuilding.Onthetopofitflewaflag.

合并:

(3)Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill.Atthefootofthehilltherewasatemple.

合并:

(三)关系副词的用法:

1.when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。

(1)Istillremembertheday.IfirstcametoBeijingonthatday

主谓宾主谓地点状语时间状语

=Istillremembertheday/whenIfirstcametoBeijing./

(2)I'llneverforgettheday/whenIjoinedthePLA./

(3)Doyourememberoneafternoontenyearsago/whenIcametoyourhouseandborroweddiamondnecklace?

/

(4)Thedate/whenLincolnwasborn/was1860.

(5)Doyouknowthedate/whenLincoln

(6)Thisisthetime/whenyouhaveanEnglishlesson./

注意:

(1)October1,1998wasthedaythat/whichI'llneverforget(v.t)./

(2)I'llneverforgetthedays/

Ispent(v.t)inBeijing./

在以上两句中,尽管先行词是表时间的名词,但它在定语从句中作宾语,

所以不能用when,而要用that/which,且可以省略。

2.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语。

(1)Thisisthecompany.Myfatherworkedthere3yearsago.

主系表主谓地点状语时间状语

=Thisisthecompany/wheremyfatherworked3yearsago./

(2)Thisisthehouse.Ilivedinthehouse2yearsago.

=Thisisthehouse/whereIlived2yearsago./

(3)合并:

Thefactoryisinthewestofthecity.

Hisfatherworksthere.

Thefactory/wherehisfatherworks/isinthewestofthecity.

(4)Thisisthetheatre/whereLincolnwasshot./

(5)Thisistheseat/whereLiMingsits./

(6)HewenttoCanada/wherehewroteaboutmusicforanewspaper./

(7)Thisistheroom

注意:

(1)Thisistheplace/(which/that)theyusedtovisit.(v.t.)/

where(错)

(2)Tianjinistheplace/whereIspentmychildhood./

that/which(错)

(3)HungerwasonlyoneoftheproblemsintheAfricancountries/(that/which)hevisited.(v.t)/

(4)Itmustbeaplace/(that/which)itsenemycannotfind.(v.t.)/

where/inwhich(错)

(5)Thehouse/(which/that)youarelookingfor/isattheotherendof

where(错)

thestreet.

(6)HelivesinDeliville,whichisonlyaboutanhour'sridefromhere.

(7)Thepotatocanbegrowninplaces/whereitistoocoldtogrowrice./如果把inplaces括起来,where引导什么从句?

(8)Well,manypeopletravelbecausetheywanttoseeothercountriesandvisitplaces/thatarefamous,interestingorbeautiful./

(9)Thegarden/thatwasoncesobeautiful/wascompletelydestroyed,sweptawaybythewild(狂野的)water.

(10)Theymakemethinkofthehappydays/(that/which)wespenttogether./

(11)Thehouse/whereheoncelived/hasbeenturnedintoamuseumandisvisitedbythousandsofpeopleeveryyear.

(12)Itisaworldofmagicandwonders,aworld/whereanythingcanhappen./

这个魔法世界里充满了神奇,什么事情都可以发生。

(13)Heisgettingoldandthinkofthetime/whenhewasyoung./

他上岁数了,经常想到年轻时的岁月。

(14)Iwalkedintotheroom/wherethreepeoplewerewaitingtointerviewme./

3.why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。

(1)Thereason/whyhecouldnotgothere/wasthathisgradesweretoolow.

(2)Whatwasthereason/whyMalcolmstudiedlaw?

/

(3)Yetthereareotherreasons/whypeopletravel./

(4)I'dliketoknowthereason/whyyouchangedtheplan.(或whyyouarelate.)/

(5)Doyouknowthereason

(6)Thereason/whyPeterissohappy/isthathepassedtheexam.

(四)非限制性定语从句:

对所修饰的词没有限制词义的作用,而只是补充一些说明,通常都有一个逗号把它和句子的其他部分分开,在译成中文时,这个从句多译成一个并列句。

限制性定语从句拿掉以后,句子意思发生变化,甚至不能成立,而非限制性定语从句拿掉以后对剩下的部分没有太大影响。

注意:

非限制性定语从句:

(1)在修饰物时,只能用which,不能用that.

(2)作宾语的关系代词不可以省略。

(1)Shesanganewsong,whichwelikeverymuch.

(2)Hismother,whomheloveddearly,diedin1818.

(3)Thebook,whichhas110,000characters(汉字),isaboutbothfarmingandgardening.

(4)

(5)

(6)ShelookedatJeff,whowaswavinghisarms.

(7)Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbythewater,whichmusthavebeenthreemetresdeep.

(8)Aftergraduating,shewenttoNewYork,whereshestartedworkingasanactressandwontheTheaterWorldAwardforherroleinaplay.

(9)Dinnerstartswithasmalldish,whichisoftencalledastarter.

正餐以一道小菜开始,这道菜常称为开胃菜。

(10)Vitamins,whichwecangetfromeatingvegetables,fruit,fishanddrinkingmilk,helpourbodyfightdisease.

我们可以吃蔬菜、水果、鱼及喝牛奶,从中吸取各种维它命,它们能帮助机体战胜疾病。

(五)一般只能用that引导的定语从句。

1.先行词前有形容词最高级或有thefirst,thelast修饰时。

①Thisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgames/(that)Ihaveeverseen./

②Hewasthefirstman/thatcame./

2.先行词与theonly,thevery,any,no等连用时。

①Cornwasnottheonlyfood/thatwastakentoEurope./

②Youcantakeanybook/(that)youlikebest./

③MrSmithistheveryperson/thatcanhelpus./

注意:

very用作形容词时,常与the,this,that,my等连用:

"恰好""正是"。

①Thisistheverybook/(that)Iwanted./这正是我要的书。

②Youaretheveryperson/(that)I'mlookingfor./

③ButDrLivelywasgoingtotalkonthatverysubjecttoday.

④Hetookitfrommeundermyverynose.他竟然当着我的面把这个拿走。

3.先行词本身为all,everything,nothing,anything,much,few,little等不定代词时。

(只有something除外)

①Hewrotedowneverything/(that)hedidn'tunderstand./

②Shedidall/shecould/tohelphim.

③Wewillnotletourhistoryandculturebedestroyed,andwewilldoeverything/wecan/tosaveourcity.

☆④Ididwhat/Icould/tocalmher.

(=thethingwhich)

Now,theleaderhasaskedagroupofstudentstodowhat/theycan/tosavetheearth.

4.先行词既包含人又包含物时。

Theytalkedaboutthepeopleandthings/(that)theysawontheirwaytoschool./

5.有时在who的后面,为了音调和谐和避免与who重复。

Whoistheman/thatissittingbythewindow?

/

6.在定语从句中作表语时用that。

Heisn'ttheman/thatheusedtobe./

(六)as作为关系代词,引导的非限制性或限制性定语从句。

(A)as作为关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句,一定有一个逗号。

此时as的先行词不是一个名词,而是代表整个主句的意思。

先译主句,然后说“这一点…”如:

①Thiselephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.

这只大象像条蛇,这一点任何人都能看到。

此句中的asanybodycansee是一个由关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句,as在定语从句中作see的宾语,as的先行词不是一个名词,而是主句所表达的整个内容。

又如:

②Heisgoodatmaths,asweallknow.

③Asweknownow,heavyobjectsandlightobjectsfallatthesamespeedunlessairholdsthemback.

④Aswehaveseen,oceanscovermorethan70percentoftheearth.

⑤Airisagas,asweallknow.

Asweallknow,airisagas.

Air,asweallknow,isagas.

类似的表达法还有:

asyouknow,asisknowntoall,asyousee,

ascanbeseen,ashasbeenpointedout,

asisnatural,asisoftenthecase情况常是如此。

asoftenhappens这情况常发生asmightbeexpected这是可能预料的。

①iswellknown,LuXunwasaChinesewriter.

②Thenumberofthepeople,wehadexpected,waswellover30,000.

④2001年高考题

isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What

☆用which引导时,与"as"的共同点:

①都是关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句。

②他们的先行词都不是一个名词,而是整个主句的意思。

译成汉语时,译成"这一点"。

区别是:

①which引导的从句不在句首。

②内含因果关系。

①Theyarehollow,whichmakesthemverylight.

竹子是中空的,这一点使得它们非常轻。

②Itrainedheavily,whichpreventedmygoingout.

③Theclockstruckthirteen,whichmadeeverybodylaugh.

④Whentheyareburnt,newgasesareformed,whichcausesthetemperatureoftheairaroundtheentireearthtorise.

⑤1999年高考题(19题)

CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,personallyIdoubtverymuch.

A.itB.thatC.whenD.which

⑥2000年高考题(17题)

Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.

A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what

⑦Hecameearly,wasoftenthecase.他经常早到。

⑧Thesunheatstheearth,isveryimportanttolivingthings.

⑨weknow,waterisacompound(

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