牛津上海版八年级初二下册英语 第15讲首字母填空技巧点拨Word格式.docx

牛津上海版八年级初二下册英语 第15讲首字母填空技巧点拨Word格式.docx

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【知识梳理2】技巧详解之浏览全文，把握大意

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首先要对文章内容有个总体把握。

要通读首字母填空的短文，跳过空格快速阅读，了解全篇的主要内容。

其次要重视文中的主题句。

首字母填空选用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的主题句，往往在每段文章的首句，有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。

主题句提供全篇的性质、大意等，这是深入了解全文的“窗口”。

我们甚至能以主题句为立足点，从该句的时态、语气推测全文的主要内容。

再次，要利用语境进行联想。

利用上下文的提示，用学过的知识和已有的生活经验，扫清部分词汇理解上的障碍。

【例题精讲】

✧例1.The2019LondonOlympicGamesareontheway.YoumayhaveanicetripinLondonwiththehelpofthefollowinginformation.

Theundergroundisfastandconvenient.

Travellingbybusisagoodwaytoseethecity,especiallyfromthetopofadouble-deckerbus.

TakeatraintovisitplacesoutsideLondon,likeHamptonCourtandWindsorCastle.

London'

sblacktaxisaref1___.

The"

riverbus"

leavesfromWestminsterPierandstopsatdifferentplacesbetweenWestminsterandGreenwichPier.

Don'

tdriveyourcarinLondon!

Therearen'

tmanygoodbicyclelanesinLondon.

Thebestwaytovisitthecity!

Butlookrightandleftbeforeyoucrossastreet.

✧例2.Often,doctorstellsomepeopletogoondiets（节食）.Thedoctorshopethedietswillmakethepeoplefeelb1___.Theyhopethedietswillmakethepeoplehealthy.

Alanawasonadiet,butshedidn'

tlikeitatall.

ThenthedoctorputFrankonadiet.Itwasadifferentkindofdiet.

【巩固练习】

AsurveyhasbeenpublishedwhichshowsthatBritishpeopledon'

tliketheirneighboursverymuch.

Accordingtothesurvey,theb___1___problemisnoise.

Theothermainproblemsaredisagreements（不和）aboutcarparkingspaces,andoldpeoplecomplainingabouttheyoung. 

Anothersurveyshowsthat90%oftheneighboursnevershareameal,80%haveneverhadadrinkt___2___and20%haveneverevenspoken.

Onesolutiontosuchproblemsistotalkaboutthemwithaprofessionalorganizationand,ifnecessary,tosignawrittenagreement.

【知识梳理2】技巧详解之熟记短语，注重语境

短语经常会出现在首字母填空的考题中，如果平时能注意词组、短语的整体记忆，掌握它们的搭配规律，在做首字母填空时就能得心应手，减少失误。

另外，词语搭配也值得注意。

从语法角度来说，句子不是词的序列，而是词组的序列。

如：

savethemoney（2019年中考），haveaninterestingtalkwith（2019年中考），afewyearago（2019年中考）等。

但从历年中考的试题看，注重上下文的关系对解题显得更为重要。

【例题精讲】-熟记短语

✧例1.Youcancollectanything,fromstampstotoystofootballmatchprogrammestooldphotos.Infact,somepeoplehaveextraordinary（不寻常的）collections.

Forexample,RobertOpiecollectsthingsweusuallyt___1____away,thingslikeoldnewspapers,sweetpapersandboxes.HehasmorethanaquarterofamillionthingsinhiscollectionandyoucanfindsomeoftheminhisownmuseuminGloucester,UK…

WhenStuartGrahamfromSydney,Australiadiedaged87,heleftb2someextraordinarycollections.HissonAndyonlydiscoveredStuartwasakeencollectorwhenhefoundacollectionofover5,000oldbustickets,3,000oldmatchboxesand1,000toysoldiers.

✧例2.“Sorry,”hisfriendinterrupted（打断）.“TodayI’mgoingwhereverthewindblows.”Thisanswerwassod___1___fromtheboy’sexpectation（预期）thathehadnothingtosay.Later,theboytoldhismotheraboutit.Hismothersaid,“Youshouldaskhimwhathewoulddoiftherewerenowind.”

高频短语

✧thinkabout/of/over

✧keep/enjoy/practice/finishdoing

✧atleast/most

✧either…or/neither…nor/both…and

✧bethankfulto

✧bedifferentfrom

✧befamiliarto/with

✧bepleased/satisfiedwith

✧befilledwith/befullof

1.WhencartooncharactersliketheIncredibleHulkgetangry,theychangecolorsandoftengetspecialpower.Intherealw__1___,angerislessobvious…

Theyalsohavefewerheadaches,lowerbloodpressure（血压）,andfewerproblemsonsleeping.Soitdoesn’tm___2___ifyourangeriscausedbythetrafficorotherthings.Learningtoletitgoisimportant.Wayssuchasd___3___breathcanhelpyoualot,orjustaskyourselfifit’sworthhurtingyourselfbystayingangrywithsomeoneelse.

2.Ireallylikereadingandwritingshortstories.Thesestoriesareusuallyabout6to20pageslongwhichf1onaninterestingperson,aproblemwhichthepersonhad,andwhathappenedwhenthepersontriedtosolvetheproblem.Allsocietiesseemtohaveanoralstorytellingtraditioninwhichpeoplemett2totelleachothershortstories,andinwhichparentstoldtheirchildrenstoriesatbedtime.

【例题精讲】-注重语境

例1.Ialsolikereadingnovels.OneofmyfavouritenovelsiscalledLifeofPi.ItiswrittenbyaCanadiancalledYannMartel,andisaboutanIndianboywhospendsalongtimeatseaafterashipwreck（海难）a1__withnobodybutatiger.Whataboutyou?

Doyouhaveafavouritenovel?

例2.Sometimesstressisgoodforpeople.Itp1peopletodotheirbest,likewhilegettingreadybeforeabigcompetitionorexam…

Whenyoufeelstressed,therearesomewaysyoucandealwithit.Learningtoworkoutsmallproblemsineverydaylifeish2.Itcanhelpbuildconfidencetomoveontolife’sbiggerones.

【巩固练习】

1.“Thereisnolovewhichismoresincerethantheloveoffood,”saidAnglo-IrishwriterGeorgeBernardShaw.LikeBernardShaw,manywriterse1foodverymuch,andtheysayandwriteinterestingthingsaboutit.

2.Butone’spersonalitydoesn’tstophere.Familylife,schoollearningandlifeexperiencecanalsomakeyouthepersonyouare.Thisdoesn’tmeanit’si1tochangeyourpersonality.Youcanalwaystrytomakeyourselfbetter…

【知识梳理3】技巧详解之关注语法，合乎逻辑

语法知识对做好首字母填空十分重要。

词汇根据语法规则确定各自的位置。

如①介词后的代词必然是宾格；

②物质名词一般不用复数；

③形容词必须放在不定代词后；

④行为动词的否定句和疑问句应由助动词do构成；

⑤情态动词后加动词原形等。

✧例1.FourthgradestudentWesleyGibsonexplained,“Thebusisthebestwaytogettoschool.Icanrelaxandchatwithmyfriendswhilethebusdriverdoesallthework.S1Ievenfinishmyhomeworkonthebus!

”Another25%ofWayviewstudentsared2toschoolbytheirparentseveryday…

Fifth-graderAlexisWangisoneofthe20%ofWayviewstudentswhowalktoschooleachday.Shesaid,“Walkingtoschoolisbetterthanthebusorcarbecauseyougetm3exercise.”Another20%ofWayviewstudentsridetheirbikes.ChrisMadsensaidhelikesridinghisbikebecause“it’sfasterthanwalking,andyoucanracewithyourfriends.”

ThelastgroupofWayviewstudentsgettoschoolbyridingscooters.Thenumberofstudentsridingscooterstoschoolhasi4.Lastyear,only5%ofthestudentsrodescooters,andthisyearit’s10%.

✧例2.Whenthereisonlyoneparent,ofcoursetheresponsibilitiesoflookingafterthechildrenaremuchh___1___forhimorher.Theyhavetoworkoutallthethingsbythemselves.Theyjusthopethateverythinggoesrighteveryday.

高频考点

✧the+形容词最高级

✧much/even+比较级

✧have/has+过去分词

✧介词+doing（for/of/with/without/to）

✧副词修饰动词

✧介词+代词（宾格）

✧感官动词+形容词（adj.）

✧被动语态（bedone）

✧1.Thestudiesfindthatpeoplewhoareabletoforgivefeellessstress,lessbackpain,andlessdepression.Theyalsohavefewerheadaches,l___1___bloodpressure（血压）,andfewerproblemsonsleeping.

✧2.Barcodes（条形码）changeaswell.Barcodesinthepastwere1-D,butnowthereare2-Dbarcodes,suchasQRcode.Since2009,QRhasbeenusedonChinesetraintickets.Peoplecanenterstadiums,cinemasandtheatersbyh1certaintypesofbarcodes…

Ifyoufindthesebarcodethingsboring,abarcodebuildingmightbemoreupyourstreet.InStPetersburg,Russia,thereisabuildingdesignedlikeabarcode.Itl2strange,butit’sactuallyashoppingmall.Therearegamestoo.BarcodeMonstersisamobilephonegame.Youhavetoscanbarcodesandfindthemonsters!

【知识梳理4】技巧详解之细心检查，避免疏漏

完成填空后，要细心检查每一个填空处是否有笔误或疏漏的地方。

有些同学为自己全部填出了而沾沾自喜，常常不是少了s，就是忘了加ed，这是很可惜的。

【巩固练习】Readthepassageandfilltheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）

Imaginethis:

romanceisallaroundyou,youhavemetandfalleninlovewiththemostwonderfulperson.Theonlytroubleis,youarenotathome,youareinacompletelydifferentpartofthew1.Howdoyouletthatspecialpersonknowhowyoufeel?

France

Theonlyplacetosay'

JET'

AIME'

（Iloveyou）isonaParisbridgeinthemoonlight.IfyoureallywanttogofortrueFrenchstyle,youwillneedtodressverysmartlyandgotoafashionableFrenchrestauranta2youhavesaidthemagicalwords.

Japan

ThecherryblossomseasonisthemostromantictimeofayearinJapan.I3yourboyfriend/girlfriendinthepolitestwaypossible（youshouldalwaysbeaspoliteaspossibleinJapan!

）,setupanicelittlepicnicu4acherryblossomtreeandsay'

SUKYO'

Russia

Itmightbeminus6degreeswhenyousay'

YATYEBYALYUBLYU'

butthes5willbefallingaroundyouinStPetersburg.Thereisnoscenemoreromantic,andyouwon'

tevenfeelthecold—yourheartwillbesow___6inside!

Indonesia

GosurfingontheIndonesiawatersofSumatraandseetheboyorgirlofyourdreams.Wakeuptoabeautifulsunrise,gosurfinginthecoolwatersalldayandr7intheevenings.AnytimeisOKtosay'

SAYACINTAPADAMU'

!

Whereveryoucomefrom,onlysay'

Iloveyou'

whenyoutrulymeanit.Theymayonlybethreelittlewords,buttheyarepowerfulwordsinanylanguage!

基础题：

（A）

Somepeoplebelievethatschoolswillnotbenecessaryinthenearfuture.TheysaythatbecauseoftheInternetandothernewtechnology,thereisnoneedforschoolbuildings,classesort1.Perhapsthiswillbetrueoneday,butiftheworldhadnoschools,Icouldn’timaginehowoursocietywouldbe.

Infact,weshouldlearnhowtousenewtechnologytomakeschoolsb2.Weshouldinventanewkindofschoolthatisl3tolibraries,museums,sciencecenters,labsandevencompanies.Companiesshouldcreatelearningprogramsforschools.Scientistscouldgivetalkst4theInternet.TVnetworksandlocalTVstationscoulddevelopprograms