句子结构常见错误Word文档格式.docx

句子结构常见错误Word文档格式.docx

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ORSomeerrorsinwritingareserious，amongwhichare

fragmentsandrun-onsentences

虽然句子的残缺以各种形式出现，但最常见的形式是被分隔开的从句

和以各种形式拆开的短语，如句号错误（periodfault）。

Fragments

Havingdrivenacrossthedesert．Weenjoyedthecoolweather．

Heenjoysflowersandshrubs．Whichhelpscreenhisyardfrom

thestreet．

RevisedSentences

Havingdrivenacrossthedesert，weenjoyedthecoolweather．

Heenjoysflowersandshrubs，whichhelpscreenhisyard

fromthestreet．

0R

Heenjoysflowersandshrubs．Theyhelpscreenhisyardfrom

在写作中要经常检查句子的残缺问题，特别要注意那些以从属

连词或短语等开头的句子，这些词都是“危险词”。

要确定以这

些词开始的每个从句，都应附属于一个独立的句子。

避免残缺句的最好办法是注意区别句子和句子的一部分。

我们

知道句子的最基本特点是在语法和逻辑上是一个完整的意义表

达单位。

它至少具有一个主语和谓语。

动词的非限定形式不能

在句中作为谓语单独使用，除非是在如Wheretogotonight?

简

短的问句中。

因此在写句子时要特别注意。

改写残缺句主要有以下两种方法：

1将句中用的句号变成逗号，或把分隔开的短语或从句同它所属

的句子合并成一个能表达完整意思的句子。

例如：

Sincethereisalackofinterest．Thereisagreatlackofinformation．

Youshouldmakeadeterminedefforttoavoidsentencefragments．

Becausetheyareconsideredseriousmistakesinwriting．

Ilookforwardtoholidays．Forexample,Thanksgivingand

Christmas．

Sincethereisalackofinterest，thereisagreatlackofinformation.

Youshouldmakeadeterminedefforttoavoidsentencefragments

becausetheyareconsideredseriousmistakesinwriting．

Ilookforwardtoholidays，forexample，Thanksgivingand

Christmas．

2）把残缺句扩展到主句中，或通过添加或减少某些成分。

把残缺

改写为独立、完整的句子。

Iaminterestedonlyinthepropertiesofcitrusfruit．Suchas

lemons，oranges，andgrapefruit．

Havingnomoneyandbeinglonelyinthebigcity.

Itwasdifficulttodecide.whichchoicetomake．Toreturntoschoolortoacceptthejob．

Iaminterestedonlyinthepropertiesofcitrusfruit.Examplesare

lemons，oranges，andgrapefruit．

Havingnomoneyandbeinglonelyinthebigcity，thewomen

committedsuicide．

Itwasdifficulttodecidewhethertoreturntoschoolortoaccept

thejob．

Directions：

Trytorevisethefollowingfragmentsinoneormorethan

oneway．

1．Becausesomestudentshavepart-timejobsinadditiontogoing

toschool

2．Thetablewascoveredwithfreshvegetables．Suchaslettuce，

carrots，spinach，andsquash．

3．Joetriestocallhomeonceaweek．Tobeintouchwithhisfamily

4.Hemadeapointofenteringeachmisspelledwordinanotebook.Which

hekeptforthatpurpose.

5.Itwasawonderfulweek.Fishingandswimmingeverydayanddancing

everynight.

Revisedsentences

1．Becausesomestudentshavepart-timejobsinadditiontofull-time

classwork，theyhaveverylittlefreetime．

2．Thetablewascoveredwithfreshvegetablessuchaslettuce，carrots，

spinachandsquash．

3．Joetriestocallhomeonceaweektokeepintouchwithhisfamily．

4．Hemadeapointofenteringeachmisspelledwordinanotebook，

whichhekeptforthatpurpose．

5．Itwasawonderfulweek．Wewentfishingandswimmingevery

dayanddancingeverynight．

OR：

Itwasawonderfulweek．Wefishedandswameverydayand

dancedeverynight．

2．接排句（Run-onSentence）

所谓接排句就是两个或更多的句子混合交织在一起，而没有正确

的标点符号标明它们之间关系的句子。

这样的句子，意思含混不

清，使读者不能理解各部分之间的关系。

接排句有两种形式:

一是

融合句（fusedsentence），即在句子之间没有标点符号和句间连接词；

另一种更为常见的形式是逗号连接（commasplice），即没有并列连

词，只用逗号代替分号和句号，把两个完整的意思连接起来.请看

例句:

FusedSentences

1.Thegirlsscoredhigherinmaththeboysscoredhigherinverbalskills．

2.Gesturesareameansofcommunicationforeveryonetheyare

essentialforthehearing-impaired．

CommaSplices

1.Educationisanelusiveword,itoftenmeansdifferentthings

todifferentpeople．

2.HikerswouldespeciallyenjoyavacationatYellowstoneNational

Park，theparkconsistsoftwomillionacresofbackcountry．

改正接排句的基本方法可根据句子之间的不同关系分为以下5种

1.用句号分隔。

当长句或两个句子之间的关系不是很密切或毫无

关系时，可使用这种方法。

Thegirlsscoredhigherinmath．Theboysscoredhigherinverbalskills．

Gesturesareameansofcommunicationforeveryone．They

areessentialforthehearing-impaired．

Educationisanelusiveword．Itoftenmeansdifferentthingsto

differentpeople．

HikerswouldespeciallyenjoyavacationatYellowstoneNational

Park．Theparkconsistsoftwomillionacresofbackcountry

2用分号隔开。

用分号连接两个独立的分句时，它们之间的关系

在意义和语法结构上比起使用句号时，关系较紧密。

Thegirlsscoredhigherinmath；

theboysscoredhigherin

verbalskills．

Gesturesareameansofcommunicationforeveryone；

they

areessentialforthehearing—impaired．

Educationisanelusiveword；

itoftenmeansdifferentthings

todifferentpeople．

HikerswouldespeciallyenjoyavacationatYellowstoneNational

Park；

theparkconsistsoftwomillionacresofbackcountry．

3使用并列连词连接。

当接排的句子之间关系紧密，容易辨别且

合乎逻辑时，可以借助并列连词来连接，通常在这些连词前要

加上逗号。

Thegirlsscoredhigherinmath，and／buttheboysscored

higherinverbalskills．

Gesturesareameansofcommunicationforeveryone，but

theyareessentialforthehearing—impaired．

Educationisanelusiveword，foritoftenmeansdifferent

thingstodifferentpeople．

YellowstoneNationalParkconsistsoftwomillionacresof

backcountry，andhikerswouldespeciallyenjoyavacation

there．

4使用连接副词连接。

根据作者的意图和句子的需要。

接排的句

子可以使用连接副词来连接。

这时，句子之间要用分号。

在连

接副词的后面还要加逗号，但是一般在单音节的连词后不加逗

号。

如so，yet。

thus等.

however，theboysscoredhigher

inverbalskills．

Gesturesareameansofcommunicationforeveryone;

neverthe1ess，

theyareessentialforthehearing-impaired．

Educationisanelusiveword;

indeed,itoftenmeansdifferent

YellowstoneNationalParkconsistsoftwomillionacresofbackcountry;

therefore,hikerswouldespeciallyenjoyavacationthere．

5.使用从属连词、关系副词或关系代词连接.当可以判断出一个

句子从逻辑上或意义上从属于另一个句子时,可以将此接排句

改写成复合句。

Thegirlsscoredhigherinmath，whiletheboysscoredhigher

Althoughgesturesareameansofcommunicationforeveryone，

Thepowerfailurecausedablackoutwhichcreatedalotof

problems．

Park，whichconsistsoftwomillionacresofbackcountry

Directions:

Revisethefollowingrun-onsentences

1．Womennolongerneedtomoveintothetraditionallymale

professionstheyhavealreadyopenedmostofthedoorsto

desirablecareerpaths．

2．Icalledforareservationatafamousrestaurantintown，allthe

tablesweretakenbeforetheDragonBoatFestival．

3．Ericwaslatetoworkheranalltheway．

1．Womennolongerneedtomoveintothetraditionallymale

professions，fortheyhavealreadyopenedmostofthedoors

todesirablecareerpaths．

Womennolongerneedtomoveintothetraditionallymale

professions；

theyhavealreadyopenedmostofthedoorsto

desirablecareerpaths．

professions．Theyhavealreadyopenedmostofthedoorsto

Becausewomenhavealreadyopenedmostofthedoorsto

desirablecareerpaths，theynolongerneedtomoveintothe

traditionallymaleprofessions．

2．Icalledforareservationatafamousrestaurantintown．

AllthetablesweretakenbeforetheDragonBoatFestival．

Icalledforareservationatafamousrestaurantintown，but

allthetablesweretakenbeforetheDragonBoatFestival．

Icalledforareservationatafamousrestaurantintown；

however，allthetablesweretakenbeforetheDragonBoat

Festival．

all

thetablesweretakenbeforetheDragonBoatFestival．

AlthoughIcalledforareservationatafamousrestaurantin

town，allthetablesweretakenbeforetheDragonBoatFestival．

3．Ericwaslatetowork，soheranalltheway．

or：

Ericranalltheway；

otherwise，hecouldhavebeenlateto

work．

BecauseEricwaslatetowork，heranalltheway．

Ericranallthewaybecausehewaslatetowork．

Ericwaslatetoworkalthoughheranalltheway．

Identifyandcorrectseriouserrors（suchasfragments·

fusedsentencesandcommasplices）ineachofthefollowing．

1．Withouttellinganyone，evenhersister，Mary，goingtothe

park，meetingherfriends．

2．Thephysicsproblemswerejustimpossible，theytookalldaytodo·

3．Thatthecoursewassohardweallstudieddayandnight,withno

onegettinganAoraB．

4．Iknockedon／atthedoorwhentheladycameIgavehermostin-

gratiatingsmile．

5．Whydoyouaskwhatconcernisitofyours?

6．Gettingmarriediseasy，stayingmarriedisadifferentmatter.

7．Michelletriedeachoftheappetizersonthetable．Andthenfound

that，whenthedinnerarrived，herappetitehadgone·

8．Shedidn’tknowwhattosaytohisannouncement，shewasnotat

acompletelossforwords，either．

1．Withouttellinganyone，notevenhersister，Marywenttothe

parktomeetherfriends．

2．Thephysicsproblemswerejustimpossible；

therefore，theytook

alldaytodo．

3．Thecoursewassohardthatweallstudieddayandnigh