新概念英语四册课堂笔记 Lesson58Painting as a Pastime.docx

新概念英语四册课堂笔记 Lesson58Painting as a Pastime.docx

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新概念英语四册课堂笔记Lesson58PaintingasaPastime

新概念英语四册课堂笔记Lesson58:

PaintingasaPastime

somethingandwillnotletitgo.”Itisuselesstoarguewiththemindinthiscondition.Thestronger

thewill,themorefutilethetask.Onecanonlygentlyinsinuatesomethingelseintoitsconvulsive

grasp.Andifthissomethingelseisrightlychosen,ifitisreallyattendedbytheilluminationof

anotherfieldofinterest,gradually,andoftenquiteswiftly,theoldunduegriprelaxesandthe

processofrecuperationandrepairbegins.

Thecultivationofahobbyandnewformsofinterestisthereforeapolicyoffirstimportancetoa

publicman.ButthisisnotaBusinessthatcanbeundertakeninadayorswiftlyimprovisedbya

merecommandofthewill.Thegrowthofalternativementalinterestsisalongprocess.Theseeds

mustbecarefullychosen;theymustfallongoodground;theymustbesedulouslytended,ifthe

vivifyingfruitsaretobeathandwhenneeded.

Tobereallyhappyandreallysafe,oneoughttohaveatleasttwoorthreehobbies,andtheymustall

bereal.Itisnousestartinglateinlifetosay:

”Iwilltakeaninterestinthisorthat.”Suchanattempt

onlyaggravatesthestrainofmentaleffort.Amanmayacquiregreatknowledgeoftopics

unconnectedwithhisdailywork,andyethardlygetanybenefitorrelief.Itisnousedoingwhatyou

like,youhavegottolikewhatyoudo.Broadlyspeaking,humanbeingsmaybedividedintothree

classes:

thosewhoaretoiledtodeath,thosewhoareworriedtodeath,andthosewhoareboredto

death.Itisnouseofferingthemanuallabourer,tiredoutwithahardweek”ssweatandeffort,the

chanceofplayingagameoffootballorbaseballonSaturdayafternoon.Itisnouseinvitingthe

politicianortheprofessionalorBusinessman,whohasbeenworkingorworryingaboutserious

thingsforsixdays,toworkorworryabouttriflingthingsattheweek-end.

Asfortheunfortunatepeoplewhocancommandeverythingtheywant,whocangratifyevery

capriceandlaytheirhandsonalmosteveryobjectofdesireforthemanewpleasure,anew

excitementisonlyanadditionalsatiation.Invaintheyrushfranticallyroundfromplacetoplace,

tryingtoescapefromavengingboredombymereclatterandmotion.Forthemdisciplineinone

formoranotheristhemosthopefulpath.

Itmayalsobesaidthatrational,industrious,usefulhumanbeingsaredividedintotwoclasses:

first,

thosewhoseworkisworkandwhosepleasureispleasure;andsecondly,thosewhoseworkand

pleasureareone.Ofthesetheformerarethemajority.Theyhavetheircompensations.Thelong

hoursintheofficeorthefactorybringwiththemastheirreward,notonlythemeansofsustenance,

butakeenappetiteforpleasureeveninitssimplestandmostmodestforms.Butfortune”sfavoured

childrenbelongtothesecondclass.Theirlifeisanaturalharmony.Forthemtheworkinghoursare

neverlongenough.Eachdayisaholiday,andordinaryholidayswhentheycomearegrudgedas

enforcedinterruptionsinanabsorbingvocation.Yettobothclassestheneedofanalternative

outlook,ofachangeofatmosphere,ofadiversionofeffort,isessential.Indeed,itmaywellbethat

thosewhoseworkistheirpleasurearethosewhomostneedthemeansofbanishingitatintervals

fromtheirminds.

Newwordsandexpressions生词短语

psychologistn.心理学家

giftedadj.有天才的

spasmn.一阵（感情）发作

catchholdof抓住

futileadj.无用的

insinuatevt.使潜入，示意

convulsiveadj.起痉挛的

illuminationn.启发，照明

undueadj.不适应的

gripn.紧急

improvisevt.临时作成

sedulouslyadv.孜孜不倦地

tendvt.照管

aggravatevt加剧.

broadlyspeaking大体上说

toilvt.劳累

triflingadj.微小的

gratifyvt.使满足

capricen.任性

satiationn.满意

invain徒劳

franticallyadv.狂乱地

avengevt.替…报复

boredomn.厌烦

cluttern.吵闹的谈话

sustenancen.生计

keenadj.剧烈的

appetiten.欲望

favouredadj.受到偏爱的

grudgevt.怨恨

absorbingadj.引人入胜的

banishvt.排解，放弃

pastimen.消遣

单词解析：

1.psychologistn.心理学家

[联想]psychologyn.心理学

psywar心理战

psychoanalysis心理分析

2.giftedadj.有天才的eg.Heisgifted.他很有天赋。

[联想]表示聪慧、有天赋的词还有：

talentedadj.天才的；adroitadj.灵活的，灵敏的；

geniusn.天才；brilliantadj.有才气的，聪慧的；

smartn.聪慧的（可用于口语）

3.spasmn.一阵（感情）发作

用法：

…aspasmofwildjoy…狂喜aspasmperson被惯坏的人

4.futileadj.无用的；（土地）贫瘠的.

[反义]fertileadj.（思想）睿智的；（土地）肥沃的

[近义]voidadj.没用的；pointlessadj.无意义的

5.insinuatevt.使潜入，示意

[记]作为一个使动词的用法：

be+adj.;v.+oneself

eg.~oneselfintoone`sfavour/thecrowd向某人献媚、示爱/挤进人群

Healwaysinsinuateshimselfintohisboss`sfavour.

他常常向他的头儿献媚。

eg.Heinsinuatedhisdoubtoftheanswer.他对这个答案稍有疑问。

（vt.示意）

6.illuminationn.启发，照明

[近义]enlightenmentn.启迪edificationn.启发，教导instruction

n.训练，知道

7.gripn.紧急；v.抓

eg.Ihavereadagrippingstory.我刚读了一篇扣人心弦的故事。

IhaveasoundgripofEnglish.我对英语把握的很熟。

8.improvisevt.临时作成（抽象词）

eg.improvisespeech/apoem/apainting即兴发言/做诗/做画

9.sedulouslyadv.孜孜不倦地

[近义]diligentadj.勤奋的toilingadj.勤奋的

industriousadj.勤勉的assiduousadj.勤勉的

backbreakingadj.辛苦的painstakingadj.辛苦的，辛苦的

10.gratifyvt.使满足

[联想]gratituden.满足，感谢satisfiedadj.感到满意的pleasedadj.满足的

caterto满意，迎合eg.ItisgratifyingtolearnEnglish.学英语是一件令人很兴奋的事。

11.capricen.任性

[联想]capriciousadj.反复无常的changeableadj.善变的

fickleadj.（脾气）无常的，易变的impulsen.冲动

12.satiationn.满意

[联想]satiatev.满意satiableadj.可满意的insatiableadj.不行满意的

IjustsawthereisanarticleinNewsweekthatmanyofficialsinmanycountriesare

insatiable.我刚刚在新闻周刊里看到一篇文章里说很多小国家的官员都贪得无厌。

13.avengevt.替…报复

eg.avengemycomradeinarms为我的战友报仇

avengemyselfontheenemy我向敌人报复

14.appetiten.欲望

[近义]lust/thirst/hunger渴望

[用法]appetite/lust/thirst/hungerforsth.对…有剧烈欲望

eg.Hehasstrongappetiteforfame.他对名声布满了渴望。

15.favouredadj.受到偏爱的

[用法]playfavouriteswithsb.对某人很偏爱

eg.Themotherplaysfavouriteswithherelderson.妈妈对大儿子比拟偏爱。

16.absorbingadj.引人入胜的

[联想]grippingadj.扣人心弦的fascinatingadj.迷人的

captivatingadj.迷人的spellbinding（念了咒语般）使人入迷的

entertainingadj.令人开心的

17.banishvt.排解，放弃

[区分]banish抽象的思想上的除去，后面一般接horror,worry等。

eg.

discard

v.丢弃，放弃，后接详细事物，如furniture等。

Notesonthetext课文解释

Worryisaspasmoftheemotion忧虑是心情的突然发作。

Itisuselesstoarguewiththemindinthiscondition.

1）agruewith争辩

2）themind指人，而不是人脑.

eg.Greatmindsthinkalike.英雄所见略同。

3.Onecanonlygentlyinsinuatesomethingelseintoitsconvulsivegrasp.

1）insinuate=topush渐渐灌输

2）its指代minds

3）grasp抓住不放，这里指minds.

[译]我们只能对他温顺的灌输其他思想到他痉挛的脑子里。

4.…..，ifitisreallyattendedbytheilluminationof……theprocessofrecuperationand

repairbegins.

1）attendvt.辅佐，帮助

2）by通过某种手段

3）recuperation=recovery恢复

5.Thecultivationofahobbyandnewformsofinterestisthereforeapolicyoffirst

importancetoapublicman.

1）cultivation=tobuildup培育，建立

1.

2.

2）thereforeadv.所以（承接上文）

3）policy：

method方法

4）firstimportance第一位的重要性

5）publicman:

goouttowork;参加社会工作的人

[译]对一个公众人士而言，你需要培育兴趣爱好，这是至关重要的。

6.Thegrowthofalternativementalinterestsisalongprocess.

1）alternativeadj.二中选一的

alternativeinterests替换型兴趣，指的是工作之外的兴趣

[译]替换型的智力兴趣的培育需要一个很长的过程。

7.Theseedsmustbecarefullychosen;theymustfallongoodground;theymustbe

sedulouslytended,ifthevivifyingfruitsaretobeathandwhenneeded.（推举记忆）

此句用了一个暗喻metaphor（延长：

明喻simile）

interests比方为seeds

vivifyvt.给与生气，生动，使活泼

8.Itisnousestartinglateinlifetosay:

….

论述句型：

itisnousingdoing…

itisnopointdoing…

eg.itisnousingcryingoverthespiltmilk.覆水难收。

9.

Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike,youhavegottolikewhatyoudo.（推举记忆）

havegotto[英]=haveto[美]

[译]只想做你想做的事是没用的，你必需喜爱你所做的事。

10.Itisnouseofferingthemanuallabourer,tiredoutwithahardweek”ssweatandeffort,

thechanceofplayingagameoffootballorbaseballonSaturdayafternoon.

offersb.sth.双宾语

sweatandeffort辛勤劳动

with=becauseof由于，由于

11.Asfortheunfortunatepeople….anewexcitementisonlyanadditionalsatiation.

asfor….=about谈及，关于

additionalsatiation:

多余的满意

12.Forthemdisciplineinoneformoranotheristhemosthopefulpath.

discipline:

约束

[译]对他们而言，生活有规律才有获得兴趣的可能。

13.Butfortune”sfavouredchildrenbelongtothesecondclass.

fortune”sfavouredchildren天子骄子

14.Eachdayisaholiday,andordinaryholidayswhentheycomearegrudgedasenforced

interruptionsinanabsorbingvocation.

1）ordinaryholidays正常的假日

2）

3）

4）

grudge=regardwithhatred憎恶

enforced被迫地

vocation天职/vacation假期

[译]每天都是假日，而且当正常的假日到来时，他们都把它当作对其投入的天职所进展的一

种被迫的打扰。

15.Yettobothclassestheneedofanalternativeoutlook,…

analternativeoutlook理解为这两类人的想法可以转换（替换）一下

16.Indeed,itmaywellbethatthosewhoseworkistheirpleasurearethosewhomostneedthe

meansofbanishingitatintervalsfromtheirminds.

1）itmaywellbethat……或许事情正是这样

2）atintervals不时，间隔一段时间

3）banish=getridof去除

4）means=method,way

17.Catchholdof,抓住……；let…go,放掉……。

18.Layone’shandson,得到……，抓到……。

19.Fortune’sfavouredchildren中的Fortune是指“命运女神”。