中西方礼仪的差异与融合.docx

中西方礼仪的差异与融合.docx

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中西方礼仪的差异与融合

CulturalDifferencesandFusioninChineseandWesternSocialEtiquettes

Abstract

Etiquettecultureisarelativelygeneralconcept.Italmostpermeatesallaspectsofsociallifeandplaysanimportantroletorealizetheharmonyinsociety.Withtheinfluxofwesternculture,Chinesetraditionaletiquetteisinfluencedbywesternetiquettecultureunceasingly.Therefore,thethesisaimstofindoutthedifferencesofChineseandwesternetiquetteontheaspectofdailyexpression,dining,wedding,andbusiness,andthentoanalyzethemainfactorswhichinfluencethedifferences.Basedonthepredecessors’experience,thethesisthrowsoutstrategiesofsocialetiquettessothatwecancommunicateeffectivelywithwesternersthroughimprovingoursocialetiquettes.ThethesisalsoexplorethereasonablefusionbetweenChineseandwesternetiquetteswiththepurposeofhelpingpeopleavoidmisunderstandingswhicharecausedbytheirrespectiveculturalcollisionandrealizingvalidcross-culturalcommunication.

Keyword:

socialetiquetteculturaldifferencecross-culturalcommunicationfusion

Introduction

Nowadays,socialetiquetteplaysanimportantroleforpeopleandnationsinshowingrespectstoeachotherininternationalrelationship.Theetiquettecanbesaidtobeaperson’sexternalappearanceofinwardcultivationandquality.Sincedifferentcountrieshavedifferenthistoricalandculturalbackgrounds,withtheconstantdevelopmentofChineseandwesternculture,Chineseandwesternetiquetteismutuallyfusing.Thewesternersgraduallyacceptorientalculture,andChinesealsoacceptadvancedwesterncivilizationandcommunicativemode.AlotofpeoplerealizetheChineseandwesternsocialetiquettewillsurelypenetrateeachotherandcontinuouslydevelop.ThepaperexploresthedifferencesofChineseetiquetteandtheWesternetiquette,andthenstatesthefusionoftwokindsofetiquette.

Inchapterone,thepapermainlyintroducestheconcept,originandvalueofChineseandwesternetiquette.Inchaptertwo,thepapermainlystatesthedifferencebetweenChineseandwesternetiquette,whichincludesofdailyexpressionincommunication,diningetiquette,weddingetiquetteandbusinessetiquette.Inthischapter,wecanlearnaboutmanyaspectsofetiquetteandavoidmisunderstandingininternationalcommunication.Inchapterthree,thepaperexplainsseveralfactorsthatinfluencethedifferencebetweenChineseandwesternetiquette,whichincludesthinkingmodes,outlookonlife,religionandconceptofhierarchy.Inthischapter,wewilllearnaboutsomespecialculturewhichhasimportantfunctiontoetiquette.Inchapterfour,thepapermainlyexploressomemanifestationoffusioninChineseandwesternetiquette.Inmodernsociety,itseemsthattheworldisgettingsmallerandsmaller,peopleareveryactivewithfrequentexchanges.Manycountriesarepayinggreatattentiontocombininginternationaletiquettecreatively.EtiquetteiscommonwealthofChinesecivilizationandthewesterncivilization.

Correctlygraspinginterpersonaldimensionandrelationshipwithothersistheimportantguaranteeofmaintainingsocialharmony.Socialetiquettenotonlyisthenecessityofquality-orientededucation,butalsoisthestrongrequirementofsocialcivilizationprogress.Socialetiquetteitselfisakindofspeciallanguage,whichhelpspeoplesuccessfullyopenthedoorforcommunicationactivityandestablishharmoniousinterpersonalrelationship.Anysocialcommunicationactivitiesareinseparablefromtheetiquette.Themoreprogressivehumanbeingsare,themoresocializedthelifeis,andthemorenecessarythatpeopleneedetiquettetoadjustsociallife.Etiquetteisthepremiseofinterpersonalcommunication,andisthekeyofcommunicativelife.Knowingthedifferencesofinternationaletiquettecanhelppeoplegraspcommunicationskillsandaccumulatetheexchangeexperience.PeoplebothinChinaandintheWestshouldrespecteachotherwithhonestyandsincerity,andthenpeoplewillknowandunderstandmoreeachother,andthenpeoplecanestablishsincereanddeeprelationship.

Chapter1OverviewofEtiquette

1.1ConceptofEtiquette

Etiquettereferstoacodeofconductornormativesummationthatisformedbythefactorsofhistoricaltradition,customs,religiousbelief,trendofthetimeandsoon.Itisidentifiedandfollowedbypeopleduetoestablishharmoniousrelationsandallsortsofconformitywithetiquettespiritandrequirements[1].

Totheindividual,etiquetteistheexternalperformanceofaperson’sthoughtslevel,cultureandcommunicationability.

Tothepeople,etiquetteisthecrystallizationofthehumancivilizationandanimportantpartofmoderncivilization.Itembodiestherespectbothtoothersandtous.Thisrespectisalwayscombinedwithpeople’slifestyleorganically,naturallyandharmoniouslyandthentobepeople’sdailylifeandworkbehavior.Thesebehaviorstandardscontainpersonalcivilizationaccomplishment,andalsoshowoutapeople’smoral.

1.2OriginofChineseandWesternEtiquette

InChina,therearemanystatementsabouttheoriginofetiquette.

Theoretically,theappearanceofetiquetteistocoordinatethesubjectiveandobjectiveneedforpeople.Firstly,humanmuststrugglewithnatureinordertosurviveanddevelop.Theyhavetoliveinasocialformofinterdependenceandrestricteachothermutually.Ingrouplife,adistinctionshouldbemadebetweenmalesandfemales,andageshavedifference.Itisnotonlyakindofnaturalethicalorder,butasocialorderneedsallmemberstoguaranteeandmaintain.Humanmustknowhowtodealwiththeinternalrelationshipverywell.Sopeopleaccumulateandmakeaseriesofrulesgraduallyandthisistheoriginaletiquette.Secondly,etiquetteisoriginatedfromthenecessarybalanceofmeetingdesireandconditionforrealizingthedesire.Inordertoavoidcontradictionandconflictwhenpeoplerealizetheirdesire,theyneedtoinstituteetiquettetolimiteddesire.

Ontheaspectofspecificceremony,etiquetteisoriginatedfromritualactivitiesofreligion.Thecontentoforiginalritualactivitiesismainlytosacrificetoheavenandpraytothegods.Theseritualactivitiesdevelopedgraduallyandbecamesacrificeetiquette.Withthedevelopmentofsociety,peopleknowmoreaboutallkindsofrelationshipbetweennatureandsociety,onlysacrificetoheavenandpraytothegodscannotmeettheneedsoftherealisticcomplexrelationship.Sopeopleextendaseriesofblessingactivitiesincludingcontentandformtoallkindsofinterpersonalactivitywhichisfrominitialsacrificialceremonytoeveryfieldofvarioussocialetiquettes.

Inthewest,theword“etiquette”camefromFrenchandmeanscourtpasses.InancientFrance,thejudgewillgiveapassportwithdisciplinetoeveryonewhoentersintothecourtsoastoguaranteethecourtorder.Afterthat,theword“Etiquette”blendedinEnglishanddevelopedintothemeaningofetiquettewhichbecametherulesandnormsfollowedbypeopleincommunication.

WesternetiquettesproutsfromthemedievalGreeceintheearliesttime.Inthebeginning,etiquettedevelopedtopalacerules,andthenrapidlyspreadinAmerica.Thesewesterndailyrulesandnormswererationalizedandstandardized,andthenbecameasystemofetiquette.Thesystemwasacceptedgraduallybyinternationalcommunityandbecameetiquettefollowedjointlybywesterncountries.

Chapter2DifferencesBetweenChineseandWesternEtiquette

Differentcountrieshavedifferenthistoricalandculturalbackgrounds,whichwillleadtodifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternetiquette.

2.1TheDifferencesofDailyExpressionsinCommunication

Inourdailylife,wewillmeetourfriendsorrelativeseveryday.Weneedusealotofdailyexpressionstocommunicatewithpeoplearound.ButtherearemanydifferencesbetweenChinaandtheWest,whichmaycausemisunderstandingininternationalcommunication.Herethepaperwilllistseveralaspectsbelow.

2.1.1GreetingandParting

Greetingisusedtocreateormaintainsocialrelationshipwhenpeoplemeetacquaintancesorfriends.So,peopleoftenusesomepoliteformulas.ButbecauseofculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandwesterncounties,thesepoliteformulasalwayscauseconflictinpeople’scommunication.

IntheWest,peopleoftenusethefollowingexpressionstogreeteachother,suchas“Goodmorning/evening/afternoon!

”“Fineday,isn'tit?

”or“Howiseverythinggoing?

”However,inChina,peopleareusedtosay,“Haveyoueatenyet?

”or“Whereareyougoing？

”soastoexpressconcerntoothers.Butforwesterners,“Haveyoueatenyet?

”meansyouwanttoentertaintheoneyouaregreetingwith.Afteryourgreetingwiththissentence,ifhe/shereplied“Notyet”,youshouldplaythehost.Asfor“Whereareyougoing”,thiskindofgreetingwillmakewesternfriendsfeelsudden,embarrassedandevenunhappy.Becausewesternerswillregardthiskindofgreetingascross-examinationandthinkthatyouaretoomuchpersonal.

Partingisusuallydividedintotwosteps.Beforethefinalfarewell,thereisahintthatisnotsameduetodifferentcultures.

Inwesternsocieties,atthefinalpartingtime,guestsusuallywilltellthehostwhytheyhavetoleavefromtheirownanglewithsomeexpressionofapologies,suchas“I’mafraidImustgonowbecausethebabysitterisgoingtobeoffduty”,etc.Westernersbelievethatvisitingandhavingaconversationwithothersisareflectionofrespect.Finishingvisitisnottheirownwishes,butbecauseofotherarrangements.Therefore,theyalwayslookforsomereasonsandtrytomakethemselvesseemtobereluctanttoleaveinordertomakebothsidescomfortable.

Inchina,attheendofinvitation,g