OUTLINING.ppt

OUTLINING.ppt

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OUTLINING,MakingandUsinganOutline,WhatisanOutline?

AnoutlineisawayoforganizingkeyideasAnoutlinehelpstosetupanessayoraresearchpaperAnoutlineisatooltohelpreviseanessayorresearchpaper.Anoutlinecanbeastudytooltohelpyousummarizekeyideasinreading,Whycreateanoutline?

AidsintheprocessofwritingHelpsyouorganizeyourideasPresentsyourmaterialinalogicalformShowstherelationshipsamongideasinyourwritingConstructsanorderedoverviewofyourwritingDefinesboundariesandgroups,HowdoIcreateanoutline?

Determinethepurposeofyourpaper.Determinetheaudienceyouarewritingfor.Developthethesisofyourpaper.,Then:

Brainstorm:

Listalltheideasthatyouwanttoincludeinyourpaper.Organize:

Grouprelatedideastogether.Order:

Arrangematerialinsubsectionsfromgeneraltospecificorfromabstracttoconcrete.Label:

Createmainandsubheadings.,DefiningtheKindsofOutlines,Ascratchoutlineisapreliminarylistthatletsyouseewhereyouneedtogo.Itisaroughlistofyourfirstideas.Ascratchoutlineisastartingpointonly.Itisputtingontheclotheswithouttheaccessories.Ascratchoutlineoftenchangessignificantlyasyoubegintoresearchandwrite.,TwoExamples,TheScratchOutlineProblemswithImmigrationWhoshouldbeallowedtoimmigrate?

Whatscreeningproceduresshouldweuse?

Whoshouldbegivenstudentvisas?

Whatchecksshouldthegovernmentmake?

Shouldtherebeanumberlimitonimmigration?

DEFININGTHEFORMALOUTLINE,Aformaloutlineshows,inlogicalorder,whatyouwillbewritingabout.AformaloutlinehelpsyouseparatemainideasandsupportingideasAformaloutlinegivesyouafoundationfromwhichtobuildanintroduction,abody,andaconclusion.Aformaloutlineoftenchangesafteryouwriteyourfirstdraft.Itwillshowyouwhereyouneedtoaddmoreresearchormakeotherchanges.,FORMALOUTLINE,AddressingImmigrationafter9/11I.IntroductionII.CriteriaforimmigrationA.PoliticalrefugeesB.RelativesofcitizensC.OtherapplicationsIII.ScreeningCriteriaA.MedicalScreeningB.InterviewC.PsychologicalscreeningD.BackgroundcheckIV.StudentsA.PurposeofstudyB.Commitmenttostudy1.Howlongwilltheystay?

2.Howwilltheyfinancetheireducationandsupportthemselves?

C.ValuetooureducationalsystemV.GovernmentoversightA.ObligationtohaveperiodicchecksonimmigrantsandstudentsB.ReportinganylegalviolationsorsuspiciousbehaviorC.ThegovernmentneedstolimitthenumberofimmigrantsVI.Conclusion,SCRATCHVS.FORMAL,Ascratchoutlineisacollectionofnotesorideasthatneedstoberefinedandexpanded.Itsarawmaterialratherthanafinishedproduct.Aformaloutlineshowsevidenceofthought,revision,planning,orresearch.Itusesaprescribedformat:

Romannumerals,uppercaseletters,numbers,andlowercaseletters.Itmaybefurtherexpandedorrevisedasresearchprogresses.,CreatinganOutline,Takeseveralminutestocreateanoutline.Thinkaboutthegiventopicandmakeascratchoutline:

Jotdownwhatyoualreadyknowaboutthistopic.Thinkaboutwhatyouwanttolearnorexploreaboutthistopic.Thinkaboutwhatconclusionsyoumayreach.Topic:

Ensuringtravelsafetyin（airports,trainstations,busterminals）,TimetoCompare!

Exchangeyourscratchoutlinewithapartner.Haveafive-minutediscussioninwhichyoutaketurnsexplainingwhatyouwroteinyouroutline.,LETSGETFORMAL!

Withyourexpandedknowledge,trytocreateaformaloutlineforyouressayonensuringairportsafety.Yourtitlewillbetheumbrellaunderwhichyouplaceyourmaintopicsandsubtopics.RemembertouseRomannumerals,upperandlowercaseletters,andnumbers.,EnsuringAirportSafety,Summary,Letssummarizewhatyouhavelearned:

OUTLINESI.DefinitionA.ScratchOutline1.Informal,preliminaryB.FormalOutline1.Moreformal,requiresmoreresearchII.PurposeforUsinganOutlineA.TohelporganizekeyideasinwritinganessayorresearchpaperB.TohelpsummarizekeyideasinreadingC.Tohelpyoudevelopsubtopics,ParallelismHowdoIaccomplishthis?

Eachheadingandsubheadingshouldpreserveparallelstructure.Ifthefirstheadingisaverb,thesecondheadingshouldbeaverb.Example:

CHOOSEDESIREDCOLLEGESPREPAREAPPLICATION（ChooseandPreparearebothverbs.Thepresenttenseoftheverbisusuallythepreferredformforanoutline.）,CoordinationHowdoIaccomplishthis?

AlltheinformationcontainedinHeading1shouldhavethesamesignificanceastheinformationcontainedinHeading2.Thesamegoesforthesubheadings（whichshouldbelesssignificantthantheheadings）.Example:

VISITANDEVALUATECOLLEGECAMPUSESVISITANDEVALUATECOLLEGEWEBSITESA.NoteimportantstatisticsB.Lookforinterestingclasses（CampusandWebsitesvisitsareequallysignificant.Theyarepartofthemaintasksyouwouldneedtodo.FindingstatisticsandclassesfoundoncollegeWebsitesarepartsoftheprocessinvolvedincarryingoutthemainheadingtopics.）,SubordinationHowdoIaccomplishthis?

Theinformationintheheadingsshouldbemoregeneral,whiletheinformationinthesubheadingsshouldbemorespecific.Example:

DESCRIBEANINFLUENTIALPERSONINYOURLIFEFavoritehighschoolteacherGrandparent（Afavoriteteacherandgrandparentarespecificexamplesfromthegeneralizedcategoryofinfluentialpeopleinyourlife.）,DivisionHowdoIaccomplishthis?

Eachheadingshouldbedividedinto2ormoreparts.Example:

COMPILERSUMA.ListrelevantcourseworkB.ListworkexperienceC.Listvolunteerexperience（TheheadingCompileRsumisdividedinto3parts.）Technically,thereisnolimittothenumberofsubdivisionsforyourheadings;however,ifyouseemtohavealot,itmaybeusefultoseeifsomeofthepartscanbecombined.,