英文摘要常用句型和修辞.docx
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《电子设计工程》英文摘要常见句型和修辞1
英文摘要常用句型和修辞
1.缩短文摘方法
1）取消不必要的字句：
如"Itisreported„","Extensiveinvestigationsshowthat„","Theauthordisusses„","Thispaperconcernedwith„"。
2）对物理单位及一些通用词可以适当进行简化。
3）取消或减少背景情况（BackgroundInformation）。
4）只介绍新情况、新内容，过去的研究细节可以取消。
5）不说废话，如"本文所谈的有关研究工作是对过去老工艺的一个极大的改进"切不可进入文摘。
6）作者在文摘中谈及的未来计划不纳入文摘。
7）尽量简化一些措辞和重复的单元，如：
不用atatemperatureof250℃to300℃而用at250-300℃
atahighpressureof200MPaat200MPa
atahightemperatureof1500℃at1500℃
2.常用句型和词汇
2.1“目的”部分
2.1.1时态
背景：
现在时（一般现在时、完成时和进行时）
目的：
一般现在时／现在完成时，或一般过去时
举例：
（1）Toevaluatetheeffectson24-hourintragastricpHlevelsofinfusionswithomeprazoleandH2receptorantagonistsinbleedingduodenalulcerpatients.
（2）TheroleofomeprazoleintripletherapyandtheimpactofHelicobacterpyloriresistanceontreatmentoutcomearenotestablished.ThisstudyinvestigatedtheroleofomeprazoleandinfluenceofprimaryH.pyloriresistanceoneradicationanddevelopmentofsecondaryresistance.
2.1.2介绍目的常用句型
主要用动词不定式to表达。
1）直接用todo短语表达
举例：
Todetermineifuseofomeprazoleprotectsagainstthegastricmucosalinjury
2）Thepurpose/aim/objective/goal（ofpresentstudyis）wasto
举例：
Theaimofthisstudywastodeterminetheprotectivefunctionofomeprazoleongastricmucosalinjury《电子设计工程》英文摘要常见句型和修辞2
3）Thepresentstudyis/wasdesigned/devised/intendedto
举例：
Thepresentstudywasdesignedtoestablishwhethertheremightbeageneticpredispositiontoanalteredpatternofanti-inflammatorycytokineproducedinpatientswithirritablebowelsyndrome
4）Thisstudywasperformed/conducted/carriedout/undertakento
举例：
Anexperimentalstudywasconductedusingacaninemodetoelucidate„
5）Weaimed/soughtto/attemptedto
举例：
Wesoughttoassesswhetherthereisanincreasedriskoftuberculosisamongindividualswhoworkincertainindustriesoccupations.
2.1.3介绍目的常用动词
1）研究：
study,investigate,examine,observe,explore
举例：
Ourobjectiveinthisreportistoexaminetheclinicalfeature,pathologyandtreatmentforpatientswithpancreaticcancer.
2）评价：
evaluate,validate
举例：
Toevaluatesonographyasatoolforinitialdiagnosisinemergencyroompatientswithabdominaltrauma.
3）确定：
determine,decide,confirm,support,define,characterize
4）证实：
prove,demonstrate,document,test,support,testify,verify
5）阐明、搞清：
explain,elucidate,clarify,illustrate,delineate,findout,contributetotheknowledgeof
6）介绍：
describe,present,report
7）建立：
establish,develop,setout
8）寻找：
searchfor,lookfor,seek,find
9）识别、区分：
identify,differentiate,discriminate
10）优选：
optimize
11）比较：
compare
12）回顾：
review
13）相关：
correlateAwithB
14）回顾：
review,summarize,present,outline,describe
15）目的：
purpose,attempt,aim
16）重点：
focus,emphasize,emphasis,attention
2.1.4例句
1）Wereviewevidenceforthisviewofaddictionanddiscussitsimplicationsforunderstandingthepsychologyandneurobiologyofaddiction.[BrainResearchReviews,1993,18（3）:
247-291]
2）Thispaperoutlinessomeofthebasicmethodsandstrategiesanddiscussessomerelatedtheoreticalandpracticalissues.[AnnalsofStatistics,1994,22（4）:
1701-1728]
3）WealsosummarizesearchesforhypotheticalparticlessuchasHiggsbosons,heavyneutrinos,andsupersymmetricparticles.[PhysicalReviewD,1996,54
（1）:
1]
4）Wepresentestimatorsforseveralpopulation-geneticparameters（geneandgenotypefrequencies,within-andbetween-populationheterozygosities,degreeof
《电子设计工程》英文摘要常见句型和修辞3
inbreedingandpopulationsubdivision,anddegreeofindividualrelatedness）alongwithexpressionsfortheirsamplingvariances.[MolecularEcology,1994,3
（2）:
91-99]
5）Wealsodescribetheconceptualbackgroundanddevelopmentofaself-reportmeasureofthesedimensions,theTemperamentandCharacterInventory.[ArchivesofGeneralPsychiatry,1993,50（12）:
975-990]
6）Weattempttorecoverafunctionofunknownsmoothnessfromnoisysampleddata.[JournaloftheAmericanStatisticalAssociation,1995,90（432）:
1200-1224]
7）ToinvestigatethemechanismofBcl-2’seffect,weexaminedwhetherBcl-2interactedwithotherproteins.[Cell,1993,74（4）:
609-619]
8）ForcomparisonpurposeswepresentsomeopacitytablesfortheRoss-AllerandCox-Tabormetalabundances.[AstrophysicalJournalSupplementSeries,1992,79
（2）:
507-568]
9）Withtheaimtoprovideobservationalconstraintsontheevolutionofthegalacticdisk,wehavederivedabundancesofNa,Mg,Al,Si,Ca,Ti,Fe,Ni,Y,Zr,BaandNd,aswellasindividualphotometricages,for189nearbyfieldFandGdiskdwarfs.[AstronomyandAstrophysics,1993,275
（1）:
101-152]
10）Inadditiontopresentingtechnicaldetailsofthepseudopotentialmethod,thearticleaimstoheightenawarenessofthecapabilitiesofthemethodinordertostimulateitsapplicationtoaswidearangeofproblemsinasmanyscientificdisciplinesaspossible.[ReviewsofModernPhysics,1992,64（4）:
1045-1097]
11）Herewestudythedependenceofapoptosisonp53expressionincellsfromthethymuscortex.[Nature,1993,362（6423）:
849-852]
12）ThisarticleincludesabriefreviewofthephysicsunderlyingHERWIG,followedbyadescriptionoftheprogramitself.[ComputerPhysicsCommunications,1992,67（3）:
465-508]
13）Thispaperpresentsadetailedanalysisofseveralhundredplantcarbonexchangerate（CER）anddryweight（DW）responsestoatmosphericCO2enrichmentdeterminedoverthepast10years.[AgriculturalandForestMeteorology,1994,69（3-4）:
153-203]
14）ThispaperpresentsbasicmethodologyofMCMC,emphasizingtheBayesianparadigm,conditionalprobabilityandtheintimaterelationshipwithMarkovrandomfieldsinspatialstatistics.[StatisticalScience,1995,10
（1）:
3-41]
15）Thispaperfocusesonthepromiseofartificialneuralnetworksintherealmofmodeling,identificationandcontrolofnonlinearsystems.[Automatica,1992,28（6）:
1083-1112]
16）Thefocusofthispaperistheconversionofradiocarbonagestocalibrated（cal）agesfortheinterval24000-0calBP（BeforePresent,0calBP=AD1950）,baseduponasamplesetofdendrochronologicallydatedtreerings,uranium-thoriumdatedcorals,andvarve-countedmarinesediment.[Radiocarbon,1998,40（3）:
1041-1083]
17）Weemphasizethefollowingpoints:
….*JournaloftheAmericanStatisticalAssociation,1995,90（430）:
773-795]
18）Thispapersynthesizes,usingacommonframework,theserecentdevelopmentstogetherwithnewones,withanemphasisonflexibilityinmodeling,model
《电子设计工程》英文摘要常见句型和修辞4
selection,andtheanalysisofmultipledatasets.[EcologicalMonographs,1992,62
（1）:
67-118]
19）Theiterativeschemeis….Themainemphasisofthispaperisonthederivationandanalysisofthisscheme.[SIAMJournalonMatrixAnalysisandApplications,1992,13
（1）:
357-385]
20）ThepaperlaysparticularemphasisonthecalculationofposteriorprobabilitiesandconcurswithothersinitsviewthatMCMCfacilitatesafundamentalbreakthroughinappliedBayesianmodeling.[StatisticalScience,1995,10
（1）:
3-41]
21）Wedrawattentiontotwoproblemsassociatedwiththeuseofinstrumentalvariables（IV）,theimportanceofwhichforempiricalworkhasnotbeenfullyappreciated.[JournaloftheAmericanStatisticalAssociation,1995,90（430）:
443-450]
2.2“方法/过程”部分
2.2.1常用词汇
1）介绍研究或试验过程,常用词汇有:
test,study,investigate,examine,experiment,discuss,consider,analyze,analysis等。
2）说明研究或试验方法,常用词汇有:
measure,estimate,calculate等。
3）介绍应用、用途,常用词汇有:
use,apply,application等.
2.2.1例句
1）WeuseN-bodysimulationstoinvestigatethestructureofdarkhalosinthestandardcolddarkmattercosmogony.[AstrophysicalJournal,1996,462
（2）:
563-575]
2）Wepresentananalysisofatmosphericneutrinodatafroma33.0ktonyr（535-day）exposureoftheSuper-Kamiokandedetector.[PhysicalReviewLetters,1998,81（8）:
1562-1567]
3）WetestedthishypothesisinvarioushumanTcells:
（1）malignantJurkatcells,
（2）analloreactiveT-cellclone（S13）,and（3）peripheralATC.[Nature,1995,373（6513）:
438-441]
4）Westudyobjectswithmassesrangingfromthoseofdwarfgalaxyhalostothoseofrichgalaxyclusters.[AstrophysicalJournal,1996,462
（2）:
563-575]
5）Thispaperexamineshowthemolecularshapesofcovalentorganosilanes,quaternaryammoniumsurfactants,andmixedsurfactantsinvariousreactionconditionscanbeusedtosynthesizesilica-basedmesophaseconfigurations,…*ChemistryofMaterials,1996,8（5）:
1147-1160]
6）Numericalexperimentsindicatealsothatthenewvariant,namedBi-CGSTAB,isoftenmuchmoreefficientthanCG-S.[SIAMJournalonScientificandStatisticalComputing,1992,13
（2）:
631-644]
7）Thispaperdiscussesaclassofmodelsforthemarginalexpectationsofeachresponseandforpairwiseassociations.[JournaloftheRoyalStatisticalSocietySeriesB-Methodological,1992,54
（1）:
3-40]
8）Thisarticleconsiderstheroleofthehippocampusinmemoryfunction.[PsychologicalReview,1992,99
（2）:
195-231]
9）Wehavedevelopedaglobalmodeltoestimateemissionsofvolatileorganic
《电子设计工程》英文摘要常见句型和修辞5
compoundsfromnaturalsources（NVOC）.[JournalofGeophysicalResearch-Atomspheres,1995,100（D5）:
8873-8892]
10）Thisstudypresentsestimatesoflifetimeand12-monthprevalenceof14DSM-III-RpsychiatricdisordersfromtheNationalComorbiditySurvey,…*ArchivesofGeneralPsychiatry,1994,51
（1）:
8-19]
11）Tocalibrateourmaps,weassumeastandardreddeninglawandusethecolorsofellipticalgalaxiestomeasurethereddeningperunitfluxdensityof100mmemission.[AstrophysicalJournal,1998,500
（2）:
525-553]
12）Wealsoprovideastep-by-stepanalyticprocedure,basedonthePress-Schechterformalism,thatallowsaccurateequilibrium
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