非谓语动词作状语.ppt

非谓语动词作状语.ppt

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Grammarandusage,Overview:

infinitive,verb-ingandverb-ed（II）,1.定义修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫做状语（adverbial）。

IwasbornonJune9th1982inGuangxi.Heiswritingwithapen.Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.2.功用状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。

状语（Adverbial）,判断下列各句中状语的功用：

1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?

2.Lastnightshedidntgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesntrain.4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.,（时间状语）,（原因状语）,（条件状语）,（地点状语）,（方式状语）,6.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.7.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.8.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.9.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.10.Iamtallerthanheis.11.Heoftencomeslatetoschool.,（伴随状语）,（目的状语）,（结果状语）,（让步状语）,（比较状语）,（频率状语）,不定式作状语常用来表目的、结果,原因,条件等。

1）目的状语TolearnEnglishwell,hewenttoEngland.Inordertoachievetheaim,wemustlearnfromothercountries.,一、不定式作状语,注：

表目的的不定式还常与soas或inorder连用，构成soas（not）todo和inorder（not）todo结构，其中soas（not）todo不能用于句首。

例如：

Togetthereintime,wegotupveryearly.=Inordertogetthereintime,wegotupveryearly.=Wegotupveryearly（inorder/soas）togetthereintime.,2）结果状语Herantothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.3）原因状语Weareexcitedtohearthenews.Iamverysorrytohearthat.,注意：

有时，不定式还可修饰一个句子，表明说话人的态度。

常见的这类不定式有totellyouthetruth，tobehonest，tobefrank，tobefair等。

例如：

Totellyouthetruth,Idontlikethefilm.,Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident_losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto,解析：

此题考查不定式作目的状语及其结构，所以选B。

Practice,现在分词作状语可表示时间，原因，结果，条件，让步，方式，伴随等，可转化为相应的状语从句。

在逻辑上句子的主语与分词有主谓关系。

1.表时间Walkingoutoftheroom,hesawtheboystillthere.=Whenhewalkedoutoftheroom,he.,二、现在分词（V-ing）作状语,2.表原因Beingill,hedidntgotoschoolyesterday.=Becausehewasill,he.Notmasteringthewayofstudying,Ididntgetagoodresult.=AsIdidntmasterthewayofstudying,i.,3.表结果（并列谓语）Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.=hisfatherdiedandlefthim.Thefirelastednearlyamonth,leavingnothingvaluable.=Thefirelastednearlyamonthandleftnothingvaluable.,4.表条件Workinghardatyourlessons,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons,you.Ifyoudontmakeuseoftime,youwillregret.=Notmakinguseofthetime,youwill.,5.表让步Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.=Athoughtheyknewallthis,they.Studyingfrommorningtillnight,Ididntpasstheexam.=AthoughIstudiedfrommorningtillnight,I.,6.表方式,伴随状语（并列结构）Helayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.=Helayonthegrassandstaredatthe.Thegirlcameintotheclassroom,singinganddancing.=Thegrilcameintotheclassroomandtheysanganddanced.,注意：

1、为了使现在分词作状语表达的意思更明确，可在动词ing前加上适当的连词：

when,while,once,if,though,unless,even等.Whenwaitingforthebus,hesawanoldfriend.Donttalkwhilehavingdinner.Oncelosingthechance,youcanteasilyfindit.,2.动词ing形式做状语，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。

Whilereadingthebook,thetelephonerang.Whilereadingthebook,sheheardthetelephonering.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,thegardenwasbeautiful.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,wefoundabeautifulgarden.,注意：

3.独立成分作状语,常见的分词短语有：

Franklyspeaking;honestlyspeaking;Judgingfrom;considering;totellthetruthHonestlyspeaking,heisnotfitforthejob.Judgingfromhisaccent,heisfromthesouth.,注意：

典型例题,1.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake,解析：

此题考查-ing分词作结果状语的用法。

三、过去分词（V-ed）作状语,过去分词作状语可表示被动和完成的动作。

表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式等，相当于相应的状语从句。

在逻辑上句子的主语与分词有动宾关系。

1、表时间Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.=whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill,thecity.,2.表原因,Surroundedbyagroupofyoungpeople,theoldmanfelthappy.=Ashewassurroundedbyagroupofyoungpeople,theoldman.Greatlytouchedbytheteacherswords,hedidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.=Becausetheboywasgreatlytouchedbytheteacherswords,he.,3.表条件,Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.=Ifweweregivenmoretime,we.Comparedwithyourbrother,youshouldmakegreatereffortstostudyEnglish.=ifyouarecomparedwithyourbrother,you.,4.表让步,Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.=Althoughhewaslaughedatbymanypeople,he.Evenifinvited,Iwonttakepartintheparty.=EvenifIaminvited,I.,5.表示方式或伴随,Supportedbyagirl,theoldmangotoffthebus.Hewalkedupanddowntheroom,lostinthought.,1、过去分词做状语时，其逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致。

Askedwhyshewaslate,herfacewentred.Askedwhyshewaslate,shewentredintheface.,注意：

2、过去分词或短语做状语时，也可在其前面加上连词when、if、once、though、unless等，以便明确作何种状语。

注意：

Thoughbeaten,wewerenotdiscouraged.=Thoughwewerebeated,we.Oncetasted,thedishishardtoforget.=onceitistasted,thedish.,3.过去分词做状语与现在分词作状语的区别：

过去分词与句子主语构成动宾关系或被动关系。

现在分词与句子主语构成主谓关系或主动关系。

Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.,注意：

fromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.fromthespace,theastronautcannotdiscovertheGreatWall.AseeingBseen,Seen,Seeing,现在分词的时态和语态,现在分词一般式（V-ing）表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在不久之前发生。

现在分词的完成式（having+V-ed）表示的动作在谓语动词的动作前面发生。

Seeingtheteacherwascoming,thestudentsstoppedplaying.Havingreceivedaletter,Ikneweverythingisallright.,

（1）现在分词的时态,现在分词的一般被动式（Beingdone）表示其被动动作正在进行；现在分词的完成被动式（havingbeendone）表示先于谓语动词的动作之前完成的被动动作。

Theschoolbeingbuiltwillbecompletednextyear.Havingbeentrappedinthetraffic,hewaslateforwork.,

（2）现在分词的语态,非谓语动词的否定,非谓语动词的否定就是在非谓语动词前面直接加not。

Notknowingwhattodonext,shestoppedtowait.,如果不定式或分词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生，该不定式或分词用完成式。

例如：

Imsorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.Havingnever/Nothavingmetthemanbefore,Icouldntrecognizehimatfirst.Havingfinishedmyhomework,Iwenttoplayfootball.,补充,Exercises,Shesetoutsoonafterdark_homeanhourlater.A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived,2.“Cantyouread?

”Marysaid_tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing3._areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived,4.Sheisupstairs_letters.A.writesB.iswritingC.writeD.writing5.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing,典型例题,1.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake,解析：

此题考查-ing分词作结果状语的用法。

2._inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose,解析：

此题考查-ed分词短语作原因状语的用法，belostinthought是一个短语，意为“陷入沉思”。

3.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident_losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto,解析：

此题考查不定式作目的状语及其结构，所以选B。