考研英语二真题及答案解析.docx

考研英语二真题及答案解析.docx

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考研英语二真题及答案解析

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificantweightfluctuations.1,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethanit2.

Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeinggenerallyhealthyandphysicallyactive,tofocusing3onthescale.Thatwasbadtomyoverallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinkingonlyof4thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.ThatconflictedwithhowIneededtotrainto5mygoals.

Ialsofoundthatweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate6ofthehardworkandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonthtonoticesignificantchangesinyourweight7alteringyourtrainingprogram.Themost8changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthandincheslost.

Forthese9,Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthlyweighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantformeto11myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserveand12anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto13mytrainingprogram.

Iusemybimonthlyweigh-in14togetinformationaboutmynutritionaswell.Ifmytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI’mconstantly15anddroppingweight,thisisa16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.

The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,fitnessandwell-being.I’mexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceInolongercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh-in.I’vealsoexperienced

accordingtothosegoals,notthenumbersonascale.

Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feel,howyourclothesfitandyouroverallenergylevel.

1.[A]

2.[A]

3.[A]

4.[A]

Besideshelpsinitially

recording

[B]

[B]

[B]

[B]

Thereforecaressolely

lowering

[C]

[C]

[C]

[C]

Otherwisewarnsoccasionally

explaining

[D]

[D]

[D]

[D]

Howeverreducesformally

accepting

5.[A]

modify

[B]

set

[C]

review

[D]

reach

6.[A]

definition

[B]

depiction

[C]

distribution

[D]

prediction

7.[A]

dueto

[B]

regardless

of

[C]

asidefrom

[D]

alongwith

8.[A]

orderly

[B]

rigid

[C]

precise

[D]

immediate

9.[A]

claims

[B]

judgments

[C]

reasons

[D]

methods

10.[A]

instead

[B]

though

[C]

again

[D]

indeed

11.[A]

track

[B]

overlook

[C]

conceal

[D]

report

12.[A]

dependon

[B]

approveof

[C]

holdonto

[D]

accountfor

13.[A]

share

[B]

adjust

[C]

confirm

[D]

prepare

14.[A]

results

[B]

features

[C]

rules

[D]

tests

15.[A]

bored

[B]

anxious

[C]

hungry

[D]

sick

16.[A]

principle

[B]

secret

[C]

belief

[D]

sign

17.[A]

request

[B]

necessity

[C]

decision

[D]

wish

18.[A]disappointing

[B]

surprising

[C]

restricting

[D]

consuming

19.[A]if

[B]

unless

[C]

until

[D]

because

20.[A]obsessing

[B]

dominating

[C]

puzzling

[D]

triumphing

PartADirections:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittlelater,inconjunctionwithachild’sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Childrenaren’tbornknowinghowtosay“I’msorry”;rather,theylearnovertimethatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends–andtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.

Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeplyuncomfortable–it’stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated.“Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,”saysAmrishaVaish,apsychologyresearcherattheUniversityofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren’tbinary–feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.

Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.

Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharing.Somekidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:

Highsympathycansubstituteforlowguilt.

assessmentsandthechildren’sself-observations,sheratedeachchild’soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaftermoraltransgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetosharethemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchtheysharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneonessharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn’tmagicallybecomemoresympathetictotheotherchild’sdeprivation.

“That’sgoodnews,”Maltisays.“Wecanbeprosocialbecausewecausedharmandwefeelregret.”

21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp.

[A]regulateachild’sbasicemotions

[B]improveachild’sintellectualability

[C]fosterachild’smoraldevelopment

[D]intensifyachild’spositivefeelings

22.AccordingtoParagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobe.

[A]deceptive

[B]burdensome

[C]addictive

[D]inexcusable

23.Vaishholdsthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat.

[A]emotionsarecontext-independent

[B]emotionsaresociallyconstructive

[C]emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth

24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing.

[A]mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies

[B]canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt

[C]canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction

[D]maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts

25.Theword“transgressions”（Line4,Para.5）isclosestinmeaningto.

[A]teachings

[B]discussions

[C]restrictions

[D]wrongdoings

Text2

Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimatechangewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.

Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap–butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable“carbonsinks”longintothefuturemayrequirereducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow.Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.

Thestate’sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sotheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest’scapacitytopullcarbonfromthe

lesseasilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.

Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtandinsectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.

Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by2030–financedfromtheproceedsofthestate’semissions-permitauctions.That’sonlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresinall,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.

Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromtheforestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthatwouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsisalreadyunderway.

Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionallythey’vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.California’splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,shouldserveasamodel.

26.Bysaying“oneoftheharderchallenges,”theauthorimpliesthat.

[A]globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol

[B]peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming

[C]extremeweatherconditionsmayarise

[D]forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat

27.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable“carbonsinks,”wemayneedto.

[A]preservethediversityofspeciesinthem

[B]acceleratethegrowthofyoungtrees

[D]lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity

28.California’sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto.

[A]cultivatemoredrought-resistanttrees

[B]reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests

[C]findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsects

[D]restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires

29.WhatisessentialtoCalifornia’splanaccordingtoParagraph5?

[A]Tohandletheareasinseriousdangerfirst.

[B]Tocarryitoutbeforetheyearof