国际经济学 贸易部分.docx

国际经济学 贸易部分.docx

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国际经济学贸易部分

TESTBANKOFINTERNATIONALECONOMICS

PartⅠ.Fillintheblankwithsuitablecontent.

1.Seventhemesrecurthroughoutthestudyofinternationaleconomics.Theseare,,,thebalanceofpayments,exchangeratedetermination,internationalpolicycoordination,internationalcapitalmarket.

2.Countriesengageininternationaltradefortwobasicreasons:

and.

3.Acountryhasacomparativeadvantageinproducingagoodif

ofproducingthatgoodintermsofothergoodsislowerinthatcountrythanitisinothercountries.

4.Laboristheonlyonefactorofproduction.

、

and

、

aretheunitlaborrequirementincheeseandwineatHomeandForeign,respectively.If,Homehasacomparativeadvantageincheese.

/

istherelativepriceofcheese,whenHomeandForeignspecializeinproducingcheeseandwine,respectively.

5.Laboristheonlyonefactorofproduction.

、

and

、

aretheunitlaborrequirementincheeseandwineatHomeandForeign,respectively.LandL*areHome’sandForeign’slaborforce.If

/

<

/

<

/

theworldrelativesupplyofcheeseequals.Home’sgainsfromindirectlyproducingwinecanbeshownas

6.Inspecificfactorsmodel（QM=QM（K,LM）;QF=QF（T,LF）;L=LM+LF）,ifHomeproducesandtradesmanufacturedgoodsforfood,theoverallcomparisonofthefivechangerateofgoodspriceandfactorprice

、

、

、

、

insideHomeis.Thatis,therealincomeofcapitalistsincrease,itcanbeshownas.

7.Therearetwomainreasonswhyinternationaltradehasstrongeffectsonthedistributionofincome.First,

Second.

8.IntheHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,Comparativeadvantageisinfluencedbytheinteractionbetweenand

9.Accordingto,iftherelativepriceofagoodrises,therealincomeofthefactorwhichintensivelyusedinthatgoodwillrise,whiletherealincomeoftheotherfactorwillfall.

10.Accordingto,atunchangedrelativegoodsprice,ifthesupplyofafactorofproductionincreases,theoutputofthegoodthatareintensiveinthatfactorwillrise,whiletheoutputoftheothergoodwillfall.

11.Accordingto,ownersofacountry’sabundantfactorsgainfromtrade,butownersofacountry’sscarefactorslose.

12.Accordingto,internationaltradeproducesaconvergenceofrelativegoodsprices.Thisconvergence,inturns,causestheconvergenceoftherelativefactorprices.Tradeleadstocompleteequalizationoffactorprices.

13.Threeassumptionscrucialtothepredictionoffactorpriceequalizationareinrealityuntrue.Theseassumptionsare

（1）

（2）（3）.

14.“U.S.exportswerelesscapital-intensivethanU.S.imports”isknownas

.

15.TheRicardianModel,theSpecificFactormodelandtheH-Omodelmaybeviewedasspecialcasesof

16.Thestandardtrademodelderivesaworldrelativesupplycurvefrom

andaworldrelativedemandcurvefrom.

17.Toexport-biasedgrowth,ifthedeclineofthewelfarecausedbythedeteriorationofthetermsoftradeswapovertheriseofthewelfarecausedbygrowth,thegrowthis.

18.Someeconomistsarguedthatexport-biasedgrowthbypoornationswouldworsentheirtermoftradesomuchthattheywouldbeworseoffthaniftheyhadnotgrownatall.Thissituationisknownas.

19.Immiserizinggrowthdemandsstrictconditions,theseconditionsare

,

.

20.Accordingto“”,tariffsandexportsubsidiesmighthaveperverseeffectsoninternalprice.

21.Inthemodelof“MonopolisticCompetitionandTrade”,firmsofanindividualnationfacethetrade-offbetweenand.

22.Marshallarguedthattherewerethreemainreasonswhyaclusteroffirmsmaybemoreefficientthananindividualfirminisolation:

23.Thepatternofintraindustrytradeitselfisunpredicted,

determinethedetailsofthetradepattern.

39.Whenthereisexternaleconomies,thepatternofinternationaltradeisdeterminedby.

24.Theindexesofintrainindustrytradeofaindustrycanbecalculatedbythestandardformula:

I=.

25.Interindustrytradeandintrainindustrytradearethesourcesofgainsfromtrade.When、,intrainindustrytradeisthedominantsourceofgainsfromtrade,everyonegainsfromtrade.

26.Theargumentoftemporaryprotectionofindustriestoenablethemtogainexperienceisknownas

27.Ifweaddtogetherthegainsandlossesfromatariff,Wefindthetheneteffectonnationalwelfarecanbeseparatedintotwoparts:

and

28.Whydocountriesadopttradepoliciessuchastarifforimportquota,whichproducemorecoststhanbenefits?

——

29.Inthepoliticaleconomyoftradepolicy,governmentareassumedtomaximize

ratherthan.

30.Deviationsfromfreetradecansometimesincreasenationalwelfare.Theseargumentsincludeand

31.Accordingto“”,domesticmarketfailureshouldbecorrectedbydomesticpoliciesaimeddirectlyattheproblem’ssources.

32.Althoughmarketfailuresareprobablycommon,thedomesticmarketfailureargumentagainstfreetradeshouldnotbeappliedtoofreely.First

;Second.

33.Internationaltradeoftenproduceslosersaswellaswinners.Intheactualpoliticsoftradepolicy,incomedistributionisofcrucialimportance.

canexplainwhypoliciesthatnotonlyseemtoproducemorecoststhanbenefitsbutthatalsoseemtohurtfarmorevotersthemtheycanhelpcannonethelessbeadopted.

34.TheWTOincludesfouraspectscontent:

GATT1994,GATS,,

35.“Nondiscriminatory”principlesincludeprincipleand

principle

36.Forpreferentialtradingagreements,suchas,countriesmustcedepartoftheirsovereigntytosupranationalentity.

37.Whetheracustomsunionisdesirableorundesirabledependsonwhetheritlargelyleadstoor.

38.Tradepolicyindevelopingcountriesisconcernedwithtwoobjectives:

and.

39.Tradepolicyindevelopingcountriesisconcernedwithtwoobjectives:

promoting

industrializationandcopingwiththeproblemsofthedualeconomy.Correspondingly,therearetwomainargumentsfordevelopingcountriestopursuepolicyofimport-substitutingindustrialization.Thetwoargumentsare

and.

40.Sophisticatedproponentsoftheinfantindustryargumenthaveidentifiedtwomarketfailuresasreasonswhyinfantindustryprotectionmaybeagoodidea:

and.

PartⅢ.ChoosetheONLYonecollectanswerineachquestion.

1.Animportantinsightofinternationaltradetheoryisthatwhencountriesexchangegoodsandservicesonewiththeotherit

A.isalwaysbeneficialtobothcountries.

B.isusuallybeneficialtobothcountries.

C.istypicallybeneficialonlytothelowwagetradepartnercountry.

D.istypicallyharmfultothetechnologicallylaggingcountry.

E.tendstocreateunemploymentinbothcountries.

Answer:

B

2.Iftherearelargedisparitiesinwagelevelsbetweencountries,then

A.tradeislikelytobeharmfultobothcountries.

B.tradeislikelytobeharmfultothecountrywiththehighwages.

C.tradeislikelytobeharmfultothecountrywiththelowwages.

D.tradeislikelytobeharmfultoneithercountry.

E.tradeislikelytohavenoeffectoneithercountry.

Answer:

D

3.Cost-benefitanalysisofinternationaltrade

A.isbasicallyuseless.

B.isempiricallyintractable.

C.focusesattentiononconflictsofinterestwithincountries.

D.focusesattentiononconflictsofinterestsbetweencountries.

E.Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

C

4.Aprimaryreasonwhynationsconductinternationaltradeisbecauseofdifferencesin

A.historicalperspective.

B.location.

C.resourceavailabilities.

D.tastes.

E.incomes.

Answer:

C

5.Argumentsforfreetradearesometimesdisregardedbythepoliticalprocessbecause

A.economiststendtofavorhighlyprotecteddomesticmarkets.

B.economistshaveauniversallyaccepteddecisivepoweroverthepoliticaldecisionmechanism.

C.maximizingconsumerwelfaremaynotbeachiefpriorityforpoliticians.

D.thegainsoftradeareofparamountconcerntotypicalconsumers.

E.Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

C

6.Proponentsoffreetradeclaimallofthefollowingasadvantagesexcept

A.relativelyhighwagelevelsforalldomesticworkers.

B.awiderselectionofproductsforconsumers

C.increasedcompetitionforworldproducers.

D.theutilizationofthemostefficientproductionprocesses.

E.Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

A

Inordertoknowwhetheracountryhasacomparativeadvantageintheproductionofoneparticularproductweneedinformationonatleast____unitlaborrequirements

A.one

B.two

C.three

A.four

B.five

Answer:

D

7.Acountryengagingintradeaccordingtotheprinciplesofcomparativeadvantagegainsfromtradebecauseit

D.isproducingexportsindirectlymoreefficientlythanitcouldalternatively.

E.isproducingimportsindirectlymoreefficientlythanitcoulddomestically.

F.isproducingexportsusingfewerlaborunits.

G.isproducingimportsindirectlyusingfewerlaborunits.

H.Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

B

8.AnationengagingintradeaccordingtotheRicardianmodelwillfinditsconsumptionbundle

A.insideitsproductionpossibilitiesfrontier.

B.onitsproductionpossibilitiesfrontier.

C.outsideitsproductionpossibilitiesfrontier.

D.insideitstrade-partner'sproductionpossibilitiesfrontier.

E.onitstrade-partner'sproductionpossibilitiesfrontier.

Answer:

C

9.IfaverysmallcountrytradeswithaverylargecountryaccordingtotheRicardianmodel,then

A.thesmallcountrywillsufferadecreaseineconomicwelfare.

B.thelargecountrywillsufferadecreaseineconomicwelfare.

C.thesmallcountrywillenjoygainsfromtrade.

D.thelargecountrywillenjoygainsfromtrade.

E.Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

C

10.IftheworldtermsoftradeforacountryaresomewherebetweenthedomesticcostratioofHandthatofF,then

A.country