空调工作过程和节能技术中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx
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空调工作过程和节能技术中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文对照外文翻译
英文:
HowAirConditionersWorkandenergyconservationtechnologyresearch
Abstract:
Anairconditionerisbasicallyarefrigeratorwithouttheinsulatedbox.Itusestheevaporationofarefrigerant,likeFreon,toprovidecooling.ThemechanicsoftheFreonevaporationcyclearethesameinarefrigeratorasinanairconditioner.
Keywords:
watertowers、weather-resistant、compressor、energyconservation
Whenthetemperatureoutsidebeginstoclimb,manypeopleseekthecoolcomfortofindoorairconditioning.Likewatertowersandpowerlines,airconditionersareoneofthosethingsthatweseeeverydaybutseldompaymuchattentionto.Wouldn'titbenicetoknowhowtheseindispensablemachinesworktheirmagic?
Inthisarticle,wewillexamineairconditioners--fromsmalltohuge--soyouknowmoreaboutwhatyou'reseeing!
TheManyFacesofCool
Airconditionerscomeinvarioussizes,coolingcapacitiesandprices.Onetypethatweseeallthetimeisthewindowairconditioner.
Windowairconditionersareaneasyandeconomicalwaytocoolasmallarea.Mostpeoplewholiveinsuburbanareasusuallyhaveoneoftheseintheirbackyard:
Ifyouliveinanapartmentcomplex,thisisprobablyafamiliarsight:
Mostbusinessesandofficebuildingshavecondensingunitsontheirroofs,andasyouflyintoanyairportyounoticethatwarehousesandmallsmayhave10or20condensingunitshiddenontheirroofs:
Andthenifyougoaroundbackatmanyhospitals,universitiesandofficecomplexes,youfindlargecoolingtowersthatareconnectedtotheairconditioningsystem:
Eventhougheachofthesemachineshasaprettydistinctlook,theyallworkonthesameprinciples.Let'stakeacloserlook.
TheBasicIdea
Anairconditionerisbasicallyarefrigeratorwithouttheinsulatedbox.Itusestheevaporationofarefrigerant,likeFreon,toprovidecooling.ThemechanicsoftheFreonevaporationcyclearethesameinarefrigeratorasinanairconditioner.AccordingtotheMerriam-WebsterDictionaryOnline,thetermFreonisgenerically"usedforanyofvariousconditioner.AccordingtotheMerriam-WebsterDictionaryOnline,thetermFreonisgenerically"usedforanyofvariousnonflammablefluorocarbonsusedasrefrigerantsandaspropellantsforaerosols."
Thisishowtheevaporationcycleinanairconditionerworks(SeeHowRefrigeratorsWorkforcompletedetailsonthiscycle):
1.ThecompressorcompressescoolFreongas,causingittobecomehot,high-pressureFreongas(redinthediagramabove).
2.Thishotgasrunsthroughasetofcoilssoitcandissipateitsheat,anditcondensesintoaliquid.
3.TheFreonliquidrunsthroughanexpansionvalve,andintheprocessitevaporatestobecomecold,low-pressureFreongas(lightblueinthediagramabove).
4.Thiscoldgasrunsthroughasetofcoilsthatallowthegastoabsorbheatandcooldowntheairinsidethebuilding.
MixedinwiththeFreonisasmallamountofalightweightoil.Thisoillubricatesthecompressor.
WindowUnits
Awindowairconditionerunitimplementsacompleteairconditionerinasmallspace.Theunitsaremadesmallenoughtofitintoastandardwindowframe.Youclosethewindowdownontheunit,plugtheunitinandturnitontogetcoolair.Ifyoutakethecoveroffofanunpluggedwindowunit,youwillfindthatitcontains:
Acompressor
Anexpansionvalve
Ahotcoil(ontheoutside)
Achilledcoil(ontheinside)
Acontrolunit
Thefansblowairoverthecoilstoimprovetheirabilitytodissipateheat(totheoutsideair)andcold(totheroombeingcooled).
BTUandEER
MostairconditionershavetheircapacityratedinBritishthermalunits(BTU).Generallyspeaking,aBTUistheamountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureofonepound(0.45kg)ofwater1degreeFahrenheit(0.56degreesCelsius).Specifically,1BTUequals1,055joules.Inheatingandcoolingterms,1"ton"equals12,000BTU.
Atypicalwindowairconditionermightberatedat10,000BTU.Forcomparison,atypical2,000-square-foot(185.8m2)housemighthavea5-ton(60,000-BTU)airconditioningsystem,implyingthatyoumightneedperhaps30BTUpersquarefoot.(Keepinmindthattheseareroughestimates.Tosizeanairconditionerforyourspecificneeds,contactanHVACcontractor.)
Theenergyefficiencyrating(EER)ofanairconditionerisitsBTUratingoveritswattage.Forexample,ifa10,000-BTUairconditionerconsumes1,200watts,itsEERis8.3(10,000BTU/1,200watts).Obviously,youwouldliketheEERtobeashighaspossible,butnormallyahigherEERisaccompaniedbyahigherprice.
IsthehigherEERisworthit?
Let'ssaythatyouhaveachoicebetweentwo10,000-BTUunits.OnehasanEERof8.3andconsumes1,200watts,andtheotherhasanEERof10andconsumes1,000watts.Let'salsosaythatthepricedifferenceis$100.Tounderstandwhatthepaybackperiodisonthemoreexpensiveunit,youneedtoknow:
1.Approximatelyhowmanyhoursperyearyouwillbeoperatingtheunit
2.Howmuchakilowatt-hour(kWh)costsinyourarea
Let'ssaythatyouplantousetheairconditionerinthesummer(fourmonthsayear)anditwillbeoperatingaboutsixhoursaday.Let'salsoimaginethatthecostinyourareais$0.10/kWh.Thedifferenceinenergyconsumptionbetweenthetwounitsis200watts,whichmeansthateveryfivehoursthelessexpensiveunitwillconsume1additionalkWh(andtherefore$0.10more)thanthemoreexpensiveunit.
Assumingthatthereare30daysinamonth,youfindthatduringthesummeryouareoperatingtheairconditioner:
Sincethemoreexpensiveunitcosts$100morethatmeansthatitwilltakeaboutsevenyearsforthemoreexpensiveunittobreakeven.
Seethispageforagreatexplanationofseasonalenergyefficiencyrating(SEER).
Split-systemUnits
Asplit-systemairconditionersplitsthehotsidefromthecoldsideofthesystem。
Thecoldside,consistingoftheexpansionvalveandthecoldcoil,isgenerallyplacedintoafurnaceorsomeotherairhandler.Theairhandlerblowsairthroughducts.Thehotsideknownasthecondensingunit,livesoutsidethebuilding.Theunitconsistsofalong,spiralcoilshapedlikeacylinder.Insidethecoilisafan,toblowairthroughthecoil,alongwithaweather-resistantcompressorandsomecontrollogic.Thisapproachhasevolvedovertheyearsbecauseitislow-cost,andalsobecauseitnormallyresultsinreducednoiseinsidethehouse(attheexpenseofincreasednoiseoutsidethehouse).Besidesthefactthatthehotandcoldsidesaresplitapartandthecapacityishigher(makingthecoilsandcompressorlarger),thereisnodifferencebetweenasplit-systemandawindowairconditioner.
Inwarehouses,businesses,malls,largedepartmentstores,etc.,thecondensingunitnormallylivesontheroofandcanbequitemassive.Alternatively,theremaybemanysmallerunitsontheroof,eachattachedinsidetoasmallairhandlerthatcoolsaspecificzoneinthebuilding.
Let'stakealooknowatachilled-waterairconditioner.
Chilled-waterSystem
Inlargerbuildingsandparticularlyinmulti-storybuildings,thesplit-systemapproachbeginstorunintoproblems.Eitherrunningthepipebetweenthecondenserandtheairhandlerexceedsdistancelimitations(runsthataretoolongstarttocauselubricationdifficultiesinthecompressor),ortheamountofduct-workandthelengthofductsbecomeunmanageable.Atthispoint,itistimetothinkaboutachilled-watersystem.
Inachilled-watersystem,theentireairconditionerlivesontherooforbehindthebuilding.Itcoolswatertobetween40and45F(4.4and7.2C).Thischilledwateristhenpipedthroughoutthebuildingandconnectedtoairhandlersasneeded.Thereisnopracticallimittothelengthofachilled-waterpipeifthesystemcanbegotwell-insulated.
Wheneveryouwalkbehindabuildingandfindaunitthathaslargequantitiesofwaterrunningthroughaplasticmesh,youwillknowyouhavefoundacoolingtower!
Inmanyofficecomplexesandcollegecampuses,coolingtowersandairconditioningequipmentarecentralized,andchilledwaterisroutedtoallofthebuildingsthroughmilesofundergroundpipes.
Basedondynamicloadtrackcentralair-conditioningsystementireclosedloopenergyconservationtechnologyresearch.
1.introductions
Theenergyconservationmaysayisthebuildingcharacterautomaticcontrolsystemstartingpointandthehometoreturnto.Itiswellknown,intheintelligentconstruction,HVAC(heating,ventilatesandairconditioning)thesystemconsumestohavetooccupythebuildingconsumptiontotalenergyenormouspartialproportions,approximatelyabout50%~60%.Speciallycold:
Easttheunit,thecoolingtower,thecirculatingwaterpumpandtheairconditioningunit,thenewatmosphereunit,allareconsumesenergythebighousehold.Thereforereallyhasessentialdevelopsoneeffectiveair-conditioningsystemenergyconservationmethod,especiallyusesisinimprovesintheexistingbuildingair-conditioningsystemautomationtheaspect.DDC(Directdigitalcontr01)thedirectofnumericalcontrol,isastructuresimpleoperationeasycontroldevice,itmayborrowbytheconnectionswitchesovertheequipmenttomakethesystemscontrolalongwiththeloadchange,liketheairconditioningcoldwatercirculatorysystem,theairconditioningboxfrequencyconversionautomaticamountofwindadjustmentandthecoolingtowerradiationventilatorfrequencyconversionholdscontrolsandsoon,mayletanair-conditioningsystemmoreeffectiverevolution,likethis,notonlybringstheverybigeconomicefficiencyfortheestatemanagement,moreoveralsomaycausethesystemtomoveunderabetteroperatingmode,thuslengthenstheequipment