电气工程与自动化 专业 外文翻译.docx

电气工程与自动化 专业 外文翻译.docx

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.专业资料.

附件9：



本科毕业设计

外文文献及译文

文献、资料题目:

Increasinganindividual’squalityoflife

viatheirintelligenthome

文献、资料来源：

.steam.ualberta.ca文献、资料发表（出版）日期：

院（部）：

专

业：

班

级：

姓

名：

学

号：

指导教师：

翻译日期：

外文文献：

Increasinganindividual’squalityoflifeviatheirintelligenthome

Thehypothesisofthisprojectis:

cananindividual’squalityoflifebe

increasedbyintegrating“intelligenttechnology”intotheirhomeenvirnoment.Thishypothesisisverybroad,andhencetheresearcherswillinvestigateitwithregardtovarious,potentiallyover-lapping,sub-sectionsofthepopulation.Inparticular,theprojectwillfocusonsub-sectionswithhealth-careneeds,becauseitisbelievedthatthesesub-sectionswillreceivethegreatestbenefitfromthisenhancedapproachtohousing.Tworesearchquestionsflowfromthishypothesis:

whatarethehealth-careissuesthatcouldbeimprovedvia“intelligenthousing”,andwhatarethetechnologicalissuesneedingtobesolvedtoallow“intelligenthousing”tobeconstructed?

Whileasmallnumberofinitiativesexist,outsideCanada,whichclaimtoinvestigatethisarea,nonehastheglobalvisionofthisarea.Worktendstobeinsmallareaswithonlyalimitedideaofhowtheindividualpiecescontributetowardsagreatergoal.Thisprojecthasaverystrongsenseofwhatitistryingtoattempt,andbelievesthatwithoutthisglobaldirectiontheotherinitiativeswillfailtoaddressthelargeimportantissuesdescribedwithinvariouspartsofthisproposal,andthatwiththecorrectglobaldirectionthesumofthepartswillproducemuchgreaterrewardsthantheindividualcomponents.Thisnewfieldhasmanyparallelswiththefieldofbusinessprocessengineering,wheremanyproductsfailduetoonlyconsideringasub-setoftheissues,typicallythetechnologysubset.Successfulprojectsandimplementationsonlystartedflowwhenpeoplestartedtorealizethataholisticapproachwasessential.Thisholisticrequirementalsoappliestothefieldof“smarthousing”;ifwegenuinelywantittohavebenefittothecommunityratherthanjusttechnologicalinterest.Havingsaidthis,muchoftheworkoutlinedbelowisextremelyimportantandcontainsagreatdealofnoveltywithintheirindividualtopics.

Health-CareandSupportivehousing：

Todate,therehasbeenlittlecoordinatedresearchonhow“smarthouse”technologiescanassistfrailseniorsinremainingathome,and/orreducethecostsexperiencedbytheirinformalcaregivers.Thus,thepurposeoftheproposedresearchistodeterminetheusefulnessofavarietyofresidentialtechnologiesinhelpingseniorsmaintaintheirindependenceandinhelpingcaregiverssustaintheircaringactivities.

Theoveralldesignoftheresearchistofocusontwogroupsofseniors.Thefirstisseniorswhoarebeingdischargedfromanacutecaresettingwiththepotentialforreducedabilitytoremainindependent.Anexampleisseniorswhohavehadhipreplacementsurgery.Thisgroupmaybenefitfromtechnologiesthatwouldhelpthembecomeadaptedtotheirreducedmobility.Thesecondisseniorswhohaveachronichealthproblemsuchasdementiaandwhoarereceivingassistancefromaninformalcaregiverlivingatadistance.Informalcaregiverslivingatadistancefromthecared-forseniorareathighriskofcaregiverburnout.Monitoringthe

cared-forseniorforhealthandsafetyisoneoftheimportanttasksdonebysuchcaregivers.Devicessuchasfloorsensors（todeterminewhethertheseniorhasfallen）andaccesscontrolstoensuresafetyfromintrudersortoindicateelopementbyaseniorwithdementiacouldreducecaregivertimespentcommutingtomonitorthesenior.

Forbothsamples,trialswouldconsistofextendedperiodsofresidencewithinthe‘smarthouse’.Samplesofseniorsbeingdishcargedfromacutecarewouldberecruitedfromacutecarehospitals.Samplesofseniorsbeingcaredforbyinformalcaregiversatadistancecouldberecruitedthroughdementiadiagnosisclinicsorthroughrequestfromcaregiversforrespite.

Limitedamountsofclinicalandhealthserviceresearchhasbeenconducteduponseniors（withcomplexhealthproblems）incontrolledenvironmentssuchasthatrepresentedbythe“smarthouse”.Forexample,itisknownthatnightvisionoftheagedispoorbutthereisverylittleinformationregardingtheoptimumleveloflightingafterwakeningorfornightactivities.Fallingisamajorissueforolderpersons;anditresultsininjuries,disabilitiesandadditionalhealthcare

costs.Forthosewithdementingillnesses,safetyisthekeyissueduringperformanceoftheactivitiesofdailyliving（ADL）.ItisvitalforustobeabletomonitorwherepatientswouldfallduringADL.Patientsandcaregiversactivitieswouldbemonitoredanddatawillbecollectedinthefollowingconditions.

Projectswouldconcentrateonsub-populations,withaviewtocollectingscientificdataabouttheirconditionsandtheimpactoftechnologyupontheirlifestyles.Forexample:

-Personswithstablechronicdisabilityfollowingastrokeandtheircaregivers:

toresearchoptimummodels,typesandlocationofvarioussensorsforsuchpatients（thesepatientsmayhaveneglect,hemiplegia,aphasiaandjudgmentproblems）;toresearchpatternofmovementsduringtheambulation,useofwheelchairsorcanesonvarioustypeoffloormaterial;toresearchcaregiverssupportthroughe-healthtechnology;tomonitorfrequenciesandlocationofthefalls;toevaluatethevalueofsmartappliancesforstrokepatientsandcaregivers;toevaluateinformationandcommunicationtechnologysetupforTele-homecare;toevaluatetechnologyinterfaceforTele-homecarestaffandclients;toevaluatethemosteffectivewayoflightingthevariouspartofthehouse;tomodifyordevelopnewtechnologytoenhancecomfortandconvenienceofstrokepatientsandcaregivers;toevaluatethevalueofsurveillancesystemsinassistingcaregivers.

-PersonswithAlzheimer’sdiseaseandtheircaregivers:

toevaluatetheeffectofsmarthouse（unfamiliarenvironment）ontheirabilitytoconductself-carewithandwithoutprompting;toevaluatetheirabilitytouseunfamiliarequipmentinthesmarthouse;toevaluateandmonitorpersonswithAlzheimer’sdiseasemovementpattern;toevaluateandmonitorfallsorwandering;toevaluatethetypeandmodelofsensorstomonitorpatients;toevaluatetheeffectofwallcolorforpatientsandcaregivers;toevaluatethevalueofproperlighting.

Technology-UbiquitousComputing：

Theubiquitouscomputinginfrastructureisviewedasthebackboneofthe“intelligence”withinthehouse.Incommonwithallubiquitouscomputingsystems,theprimarycomponentswiththissystemwillbe:

thearrayofsensors,the

communicationinfrastructureandthesoftwarecontrol（baseduponsoftwareagents）infrastructure.Again,itisconsideredessentialthatthistopicisinvestigatedholistically.

Sensordesign:

Thefocusofresearchherewillbedevelopmentof（micro）-sensorsandsensorarraysusingsmartmaterials,e.g.piezoelectricmaterials,magnetostrictivematerialsandshapememoryalloys（SMAs）.Inparticular,SMAsareaclassofsmartmaterialsthatareattractivecandidatesforsensingandactuatingapplicationsprimarilybecauseoftheirextraordinarilyhighworkoutput/volumeratiocomparedtoothersmartmaterials.SMAsundergoasolid-solidphasetransformationwhensubjectedtoanappropriateregimeofmechanicalandthermalload,resultinginamacroscopicchangeindimensionsandshape;thischangeisrecoverablebyreversingthethermomechanicalloadingandisknownasaone-wayshapememoryeffect.Duetothismaterialfeature,SMAscanbeusedasbothasensorandanactuator.AveryrecentdevelopmentisanefforttoincorporateSMAsinmicro-electromechanicalsystems（MEMS）sothatthesematerialscanbeusedasintegralpartsofmicro-sensorsandactuators.

MEMSareanareaofactivitywheresomeofthetechnologyismatureenough

forpossiblecommercialapplicationstoemerge.Someexamplesaremicro-chemicalanalyzers,humidityandpressuresensors,MEMSforflowcontrol,syntheticjetactuatorsandopticalMEMS（forthenextgenerationinternet）.IncorporatingSMAsinMEMSisarelativelyneweffortintheresearchcommunity;tothebestofourknowledge,onlyonegroup（Prof.GregCarman,MechanicalEngineering,UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles）hassuccessfullydemonstratedthedynamicpropertiesofSMA-basedMEMS.Here,thefocuswillbetoharnessthesensingandactuationcapabilitiesofsmartmaterialstodesignandfabricateusefulandeconomicallyviablemicro-sensorsandactuators.

Communications:

Constructionanduseofan“intelligenthouse”offersextensiveopportunitiestoanalyzeandverifytheoperationofwirelessandwiredhome-basedcommunicationservices.Whilesomeofthesearealreadywidelyexplored,manyoftheissueshavereceivedlittleornoattention.Itisproposedtoinvestigatethe

followingissues:

-Measurementofchannelstatisticsinaresidentialenvironment:

knowledgeoftheindoorwirelesschannelstatisticsiscriticalforenablingthedesignofefficienttransmittersandreceivers,aswellasdeterminingappropriatelevelsofsignalpower,datatransferrates,modulationtechniques,anderrorcontrolcodesforthewirelesslinks.Interference,channeldistortion,andspectrallimitationsthatarisesasaresultofequipmentforthedisabled（wheelchairs,IVstands,monitoringequipment,etc.）isofparticularinterest.

-Design,analysis,andverificationofenhancedantennasforindoorwirelesscommunications.Indoorwirelesscommunicationspresenttheneedforcompactandruggedantennas.Newante