云计算与物联网外文翻译文献.docx

云计算与物联网外文翻译文献.docx

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文献信息：

文献标题：

IntegrationofCloudComputingwithInternetofThings:

ChallengesandOpenIssues（云计算与物联网的集成：

挑战与开放问题）

国外作者：

HFAtlam等人

文献出处：

《IEEEInternationalConferenceonInternetofThings》,2017

字数统计：

英文4176单词，23870字符；中文7457汉字

外文文献：

IntegrationofCloudComputingwithInternetofThings:

ChallengesandOpenIssues

Abstract TheInternetofThings（IoT）isbecomingthenextInternet-related

revolution.Itallowsbillionsofdevicestobeconnectedandcommunicatewitheachothertoshareinformationthatimprovesthequalityofourdailylives.Ontheotherhand,CloudComputingprovideson-demand,convenientandscalablenetworkaccesswhichmakesitpossibletosharecomputingresources;indeed,this,inturn,enablesdynamicdataintegrationfromvariousdatasources.TherearemanyissuesstandinginthewayofthesuccessfulimplementationofbothCloudandIoT.TheintegrationofCloudComputingwiththeIoTisthemosteffectivewayonwhichtoovercometheseissues.ThevastnumberofresourcesavailableontheCloudcanbeextremelybeneficialfortheIoT,whiletheCloudcangainmorepublicitytoimproveitslimitationswithrealworldobjectsinamoredynamicanddistributedmanner.ThispaperprovidesanoverviewoftheintegrationoftheCloudintotheIoTbyhighlightingtheintegrationbenefitsandimplementationchallenges.DiscussionwillalsofocusonthearchitectureoftheresultantCloud-basedIoTparadigmanditsnewapplicationsscenarios.Finally,openissuesandfutureresearchdirectionsarealsosuggested.

Keywords:

CloudComputing,InternetofThings,CloudbasedIoT,Integration.

I.INTRODUCTION

Itisimportanttoexplorethecommonfeaturesofthetechnologiesinvolvedinthefieldofcomputing.Indeed,thisiscertainlythecasewithCloudComputingandtheInternetofThings（IoT）–twoparadigmswhichsharemanycommonfeatures.Theintegrationofthesenumerousconceptsmayfacilitateandimprovethesetechnologies.Cloudcomputinghasalteredthewayinwhichtechnologiescanbeaccessed,managedanddelivered.ItiswidelyagreedthatCloudcomputingcanbeusedforutilityservicesinthefuture.AlthoughmanyconsiderCloudcomputingtobeanewtechnology,ithas,inactualfact,beeninvolvedinandencompassedvarioustechnologiessuchasgrid,utilitycomputingvirtualisation,networkingandsoftwareservices.CloudcomputingprovidesserviceswhichmakeitpossibletosharecomputingresourcesacrosstheInternet.Assuch,itisnotsurprisingthattheoriginsofCloudtechnologieslieingrid,utilitycomputingvirtualisation,networkingandsoftwareservices,aswellasdistributedcomputing,andparallelcomputing.Ontheotherhand,theIoTcanbeconsideredbothadynamicandglobalnetworkedinfrastructurethatmanagesself-configuringobjects inahighlyintelligentway.TheIoTismovingtowardsaphasewhereallitemsarounduswillbeconnectedtotheInternetandwillhavetheabilitytointeractwithminimumhumaneffort.TheIoTnormallyincludesanumberofobjectswithlimitedstorageandcomputingcapacity.ItcouldwellbesaidthatCloudcomputingandtheIoTwillbethefutureoftheInternetandnext-generationtechnologies.However,Cloudservicesaredependentonserviceproviderswhichareextremelyinteroperable,whileIoTtechnologiesarebasedondiversityratherthaninteroperability.

ThispaperprovidesanoverviewoftheintegrationofCloudComputingintothe

IoT;thisinvolvesanexaminationofthebenefitsresultingfromtheintegrationprocessandtheimplementationchallengesencountered.Openissuesandresearchdirectionsarealsodiscussed.Theremainderofthepaperisorganisedasfollows:

SectionIIprovidesthebasicconceptsofCloudcomputing,IoT,andCloud-basedIoT;

SectionIIIdiscussesthebenefitsofintegratingtheIoTintotheCloud;Could-basedIoTArchitectureispresentedinsectionIV;SectionVillustratesdifferentCloud-basedIoTapplicationsscenarios.Followingthis,thechallengesfacingCloud-basedIoTintegrationandopenresearchdirectionsarediscussedinSectionVIandSectionVIIrespectively,beforeSectionVIIIconcludesthepaper.

II.BASICCONCEPTS

ThissectionreviewsthebasicconceptsofCloudComputing,theIoT,andCloud-basedIoT.

1.CloudComputing

ThereexistanumberofproposeddefinitionsforCloudcomputing,althoughthemostwidelyagreeduponseemsbethatputforthbytheNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology（NIST）.Indeed,theNISThasdefinedCloudcomputingas"amodelforenablingubiquitous,convenient,on-demandnetworkaccesstoasharedpoolof configurable computingresources （e.g., networks,servers, storage,applications,andservices）thatcanberapidlyprovisionedandreleasedwithminimalmanagementeffortorserviceproviderinteraction".

Asstatedinthisdefinition,Cloudcomputingcomprisesfourtypesofdeploymentmodels,threedifferentservicemodels,andfiveessentialcharacteristics.

CloudcomputingdeploymentmodelsaremostcommonlyclassifiedasbelongingtothepublicCloud,whereresourcesaremadeavailabletoconsumersovertheInternet.PublicCloudsaregenerallyownedbyaprofitableorganisation（e.g.AmazonEC2）.Conversely,theinfrastructureofaprivateCloudiscommonlyprovidedbyasingleorganisationtoservetheparticularpurposesofitsusers.TheprivateCloudoffersasecureenvironmentandahigherlevelofcontrol（MicrosoftPrivateCloud）.

HybridCloudsareamixtureofprivateandpublicClouds.Thischoiceisprovidedforconsumersasitmakesitpossibletoovercomesomeofthelimitationsofeachmodel.Incontrast,acommunityCloudisaCloudinfrastructurewhichisdeliveredtoagroupofusersbyanumberoforganisationswhichsharethesameneed.

Inordertoallowconsumerstochoosetheservicethatsuitsthem,servicesin

Cloudcomputingareprovidedatthreedifferentlevels,namely:

theSoftwareasaService（SaaS）model,wheresoftwareisdeliveredthroughtheInternettousers（e.g.GoogleApps）;thePlatformasaService（PaaS）model,whichoffersahigherlevelofintegratedenvironmentthatcanbuild,test,anddeployspecificsoftware（e.g.MicrosoftAzure）;andfinally,withtheInfrastructureasaService（IaaS）model,infrastructuresuchasstorage,hardwareandserversaredeliveredasaservice（e.g.AmazonWebServices）.

2.InternetofThings

TheIoTrepresentsamodernapproachwhereboundariesbetweenrealanddigitaldomainsareprogressivelyeliminatedbyconsistentlychangingeveryphysicaldevicetoasmartalternativereadytoprovidesmartservices.AllthingsintheIoT（smartdevices,sensors,etc.）havetheirownidentity.Theyarecombinedtoformthecommunicationnetworkandwillbecomeactivelyparticipatingobjects.Theseobjectsincludenotonlydailyusableelectronicdevices,but alsothingslikefood,clothing,materials,parts,andsubassemblies;commoditiesandluxuryitems;monumentsandlandmarks;andvariousformsofcommerceandculture.Inaddition,theseobjectsareabletocreaterequestsandaltertheirstates.Thus,allIoTdevicescanbemonitored,trackedandcounted,whichsignificantlydecreaseswaste,loss,andcost.

TheconceptoftheIoTwasfirstmentionedbyKevinAshtonin1999,whenhestatedthat“TheInternetofThingshasthepotentialtochangetheworld,justastheInternetdid.Maybeevenmoreso”.Later,theIoTwasformallypresentedbytheInternationalTelecommunicationUnion（ITU）in2005.A greatmanydefinitionsoftheIoThavebeenputforthbynumerousorganisationsandresearchers.AccordingtotheITU（2012）,theIoTis“aglobalinfrastructurefortheInformationSociety,enablingadvancedservicesbyinterconnecting（physicalandvirtual）thingsbasedon,existingandevolving,interoperableinformationandcommunicationtechnologies”.TheIoTintroducesavarietyofopportunitiesandapplications.However,itfacesmanychallengeswhichcouldpotentiallyhinderitssuccessfulimplementation,suchasdatastorage,heterogeneousresource-constrained,scalability,Things,variablegeospatialdeployment,andenergyefficiency.

3.Cloud-BasedInternetofThings

TheIoTandCloudcomputingarebothrapidlydevelopingservices,andhavetheirownuniquecharacteristics.Ontheonehand,theIoTapproachisbasedonsmartdeviceswhichintercommunicateinaglobalnetworkanddynamicinfrastructure.Itenablesubiquitouscomputingscenarios.TheIoTistypicallycharacterisedbywidely-distributeddeviceswithlimitedprocessingcapabilitiesandstorage.Thesedevicesencounterissuesregardingperformance,reliability,privacy,andsecurity.Ontheotherhand,Cloudcomputingcomprisesamassivenetworkwithunlimitedstoragecapabilitiesandcomputationpower.Furthermore,itprovidesaflexible,robustenvironmentwhichallowsfordynamicdataintegrationfromvariousdatasources.CloudcomputinghaspartiallyresolvedmostoftheIoTissues. Indeed,theIoTandCloudaretwocomparativelychallengingtechnologies,andarebeingcombinedinordertochangethecurrentandfutureenvironmentofinternetworkingservices.

TheCloud-basedInternetofThingsisaplatformwhichallowsforthesmart

usageofapplications,information,andinfrastructureinacost-effectiveway.WhiletheIoTandCloudcomputingaredifferentfromeachother,theirfeaturesarealmostcomplementary,asshowninTABLE1.Thiscomplementarityistheprimaryreasonwhymanyresearchershaveproposedtheirintegration.

Items

IoT

CharacteristicsIoTispervasive（thingsareeverywhere）.

Thesearerealworldobjects.

CloudComputing

Cloudisubiquitous（resourcesareavailablefromeverywhere）.

Thesearevirtualresources.

ProcessingcapabilitiesStoragecapabilities

Connectivity

Bigdata

Lim