物流外文文献翻译.docx

物流外文文献翻译.docx

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物流外文文献翻译

外文文献原稿和译文

原稿

Lｏgistｉcsｆroｍｔhe　Ｅnｇliｓhwoｒd　"ｌogiｓtics"，ｔheoriginalintentoｆthemiｌiｔarylogiｓticsｓｕpport,intheseｃond　sideaｆterWorldWａrIIｈasｂｅeｎ　ｗidｅｌｙuｓedｉｎtheeｃｏnomicfｉelｄ.　LoｇisticsManagementＡssociａtｉonofｔheＵnitedSｔates　isdeｆｉnｅdasthｅlｏgisｔiｃs，"Logisticsisｔｏ　ｍeｅttｈｅneedｓｏfｃｏｎsuｍersoｆrawmateriａｌｓ,　ｉntｅrｍｅｄiateproｄucts,fｉnalｐｒｏｄuctｓanｄrelatedｉnfoｒmａtioｎtothe　ｃonsumerfｒomthebeginniｎgto　thｅｅｆfeｃtｉｖeflowａｎdstoｒage,　iｍplemenｔaｔｉonanｄcontrolｏｆ　thepｒoｃess　of."

Logisｔｉcsｃoｎsisｔs　offｏuｒｋeycｏmponents:

theｒeａlflｏw,reａlｓtoｒagｅ，ａndmａnaｇeｍent　ｔocooｒｄｉnatｅtheflow　ofiｎｆoｒmatｉｏn．Tｈｅｐrｉmaryfunｃtiｏnof　loｇｉstｉcsｉs　tocｒeａｔｅ　ｔimｅanｄspacｅeffｅctivenessoftheeｆfectivenesｓ　ofthemaｉｎ　waysto　ovｅｒcomｅthｅｓpacｅthroｕghthestoｒagedistance．

Ｔhｉｒd-paｒtｙ　logisｔicsｉnｔhe　lｏgisticschａnｎｅｌserviceｓproｖidedｂybroｋerｓ,middｌeｍen　iｎtｈｅfｏrmof　the　cｏnｔrａcｔwithin　aｃeｒtaｉn　period　oftimerequiｒｅdtoｐroｖideloｇiｓｔｉcs　ｓervicesinwｈｏlｅorinparｔ.Isaｔhｉrd-pａrｔyｌoｇisticscompaniesfｏrtheexterｎalcustoｍerｍaｎagement,conｔrｏｌandｏperatｉon　of　tｈｅｐｒovｉｓionof　ｌｏgｉstiｃs　ｓervices　coｍｐanｙ.

Ａccoｒdingｔo　sｔatistｉcs,cuｒrentlyusediｎEuｒopetheproportｉｏn　ofthird－paｒｔyｌogistiｃsserｖｉｃeｓ　fｏr７6ｐerceｎt，　tｈe　UnitedStates　iｓａbouｔ５８%,　andｔhｅ　dｅｍanｄｉｓｓtill　growing；24ｐｅrｃent　iｎEｕropｅanｄtheUniteｄStａtｅｓ　33%ofnon-thirｄ-paｒtyｌogistｉcsservicｅuｓeｒs　ａｒeａcｔiｖeｌyｃｏnsideringtｈｅuseｏｆｔhird-partyｌogiｓticsservices.Asathirｄ-ｐartylogiｓtiｃstｏimprｏve　tｈe　ｓpｅｅdof　maｔerial　floｗ，wａreｈoｕsingｃostｓandfｉnanｃialsaｖings　inthｅcｏst　effectｉvｅmeａnｓ　ofpassers-ｂy，　hａsｂeｃｏme　ｉnｃreasingly　atｔraｃtｅd　greatattｅｎｔioｎ．　

First,theadｖaｎｔagesofusinｇa　third-partyloｇistiｃｓ

Theuseoｆｔｈird-parｔyｌoｇistiｃｓeｎterｐriseｓcanｙieｌｄｍanyｂeｎeｆits,mａinlyreｆleｃted　ｉn：

1,foｃuｓoｎcｏｒｅbusｉness

Manｕfａｃtｕrｅｒｓｃanｕseathird-partyｌogisｔics　coｍpaniestoachievｅoptimaｌｄiｓtrｉｂｕtion　oｆrｅsourｃes,liｍitedhｕｍananｄ　fｉnａnciａl　rｅsourcesto　cｏncentrateon　thｅircｏreenergy,tofocus　oｎthe　deveｌｏpmenｔoｆ　basicskｉlls,ｄｅｖelopnewproｄucｔsｉn　theｗｏrld　comｐetition,　ａnd　ｅｎhaｎｃetheｃorecoｍpetitivenessofentｅｒｐrises.

2,cｏsｔ-ｓaｖing　

Ｐroｆessｉonａｌuseofthird-parｔylogisｔｉcｓｐroviders,thｅprｏfessionａlａdvantageｓofmassｐroｄuｃtionandcoｓｔaｄｖantａges,　byprovidiｎgtｈelinkｃapacityutｉｌizaｔｉon　toachieve　ｃostsaviｎgs,sｏthatｅnterprisescaｎbeｎefｉtfｒｏｍtｈeｓepａｒation　ofｔｈecｏst　ｓtruｃtuｒe.Manuｆacturingeｎｔerｐriｓeswitｈ　tｈeexpaｎｓionｏｆｍarketｉngsｅrvｉceｓtoparticipａteinanydegreeｏfdeｐth,wouldgive　risｅtoasubｓtantiaｌinｃreａse　iｎcosｔs，onlythｅ　use　oｆpｒoｆessionalservicｅｓpｒovideｄbｙ　pubｌicservices,iｎordｅrｔｏ　minimｉzｅaddiｔiｏnａｌ　losses.　Universｉｔy　ofTennｅsｓeｅiｎaccoｒdaｎcｅwiththeＵnｉtｅｄSｔａteｓ,ＵｎiｔedKｉｎgｄom　andtｈeUｎｉｔedＳtaｔes　EXELcompａnyＥＭST＆ＹＯUNGｃonsultiｎg　firmｃｏ-orgａniｚedasｕrｖey:

alotofcarｇothatｅnａble　theｍ　tｏ　usethirｄ-ｐartylogisｔicslｏｇiｓｔicｓｃｏstｓdｅclｉned　ｂy　aｎaveｒagｅ　of　１.18ｐerceｎt,　tｈeaveraｇeflｏw　ｏfgoodｓｆroｍ7.1　daysto　3.9days,　stock8.2%　lｏweｒ.

３,reduｃtionｏｆ　ｉｎvenｔory

Tｈｉrd-ｐartylｏｇisｔicｓservｉcepｒovidｅrsｗｉｔｈ　wｅll-ｐlａnｎeｄlogｉsｔics　anｄｔimelydｅliｖｅrymeａns，ｔominｉmizｅinｖｅｎtory，imｐｒove　cash　fｌｏwoftheenteｒpｒiseto　achiｅｖecostadｖanｔages.　

4,　enhancｅthecorｐoratｅimage

Ｔhird-pａrｔylogisticｓserｖiceｐrｏviｄersａnｄcuｓtｏmerｓ　iｓastrategicpartnｅrship,thｅuse　oｆtｈirｄ－partｙlogisticｓpｒovideｒｏfcｏｍpreｈensivefacｉｌitiesａndtｒａinedstafｆonｔhewholesupply　chａintｏａchiｅveｃoｍpletｅcｏnｔrol，ｒedｕcingtheｃomplｅxiｔyoｆloｇiｓtｉcs,ｔhrｏugｈ　thｅiｒ　ｏｗｎ　networｋs　toheｌp　imprｏveｃusｔomerseｒviｃｅ,notonlｙ　toestablish　theiroｗnbraｎdimage，ｂut　also　cuｓtomersiｎｔhecompetition.

Secoｎｄ,Ｔheｐurｐｏseoftｈeimｐlementatｉon　ｏfｌogiｓticsｍanagｅｍent

The　purpoｓｅ　oftｈeimpｌeｍentatioｎofｌｏgiｓｔｉcsmanａｇeｍeｎtiｓtoｔhelｏwestｐossibletｏtalcｏstofｃondｉtionstoachievetｈeｅsｔablishｅdｌevelofcｕstomｅｒsｅｒvｉce，orｓervicｅ　ａdｖaｎtａｇesandseekcosｔ　ａdvaｎtagｅs　ｏfaｄyｎamic　ｅquｉｌibriｕm,aｎdthｕsｃreaｔecomｐetiｔiveeｎteｒprｉsｅｓinthe　ｓtratｅgicadvantａge．　Accorｄingtｏ　thｉsgｏal,logiｓｔiｃｓmanagｅment　tosolｖe　thｅbasicpｒｏblem,　simply　ｐut,iｓｔotherighｔprｏduｃｔstoｆit　ｔheｎuｍbｅｒanｄtheriｇｈｔ　ｐriceａｔtheｒight　timeandsｕiｔaｂle　sitesavailａblｅtoｃusｔomers.

Lｏｇisｔiｃｓｍaｎagｅｍentsysｔemsthatuｓemethｏｄstosolｖｅtheproblem.ＭoｄernLogistｉcｓｎｏrmａllybecｏnsideredbｙthetｒansport，　storａge,packaginｇ,　hａnｄｌing,　proceｓｓinginｃiｒcｕlaｔｉon，distrｉｂutｉｏnａndｉnfｏrｍation　conｓtitutｅpaｒt　oｆａlｌ．Aｌｌ　haveｔｈeiｒ　ｏｗn　ｐart　oftheｏｒiginalfuncｔioｎs,intｅｒestsaｎdconcepts．Systemａpｐrｏaｃhiｓｔheuｓe　ｏｆmodｅrn　manaｇemenｔ　ｍeｔhｏｄｓandmｏderｎ　ｔｅｃhnolｏgysothatａlｌ　aspectsofinfｏｒmａtｉonｓhaｒｉngingenｅrａl,allthe　liｎｋｓasan　iｎtｅgrａtedｓystemfororgaｎizatｉｏnandmａnagemeｎt,ｓo　thａtthｅsyｓteｍcaｎ　beaslowaｓｐosｓｉblｅunderｔheｃonditｉｏnsｏfthetotａlcost,pｒovidedthｅre　Coｍｐｅtitivｅadｖantａgｅofcｕstｏｍerseｒvice.　Syｓtemsapｐｒoaｃｈthaｔｔhesysｔemisｎotｔheeffecｔiveｎessoftheir　vａriousｌocaｌliｎks-effeｃtivesiｍｐｌｅ　ｓuｍ.Sysｔemmeanstｈａt，tｈｅre'ｓａcertaｉn　aspeｃtsofｔｈeprobｌｅｍaｎd　want　toallofｔhe　fａctoｒs　ａfｆｅｃｔｉｎgｔheanaｌyｓｉsandｅvaｌuatｉon.Ｆroｍｔhｉsｉdｅａ　ofｔheｌogisｔiｃs　sysｔｅm　isｎotsimplyｔｈepｕｒsｕitｏfthｅir　ownｉｎvarｉousａreａsｏf　ｔｈｅｌowestcosｔ，bｅcaｕｓetｈeloｇisticsofthe　linkbetweeｎthebenefｉｔs　ofmutｕal　inflｕｅnce,tｈetendｅncｙofmｕtｕalconｓtraints,thereis　ｔheｔurnｏｆtherelatｉｏnｓhｉp　beｔweｅｎｖｕlnerabiｌｉty.Ｆorexａｍple,toomucheｍphasisonpaｃkaginｇmatｅriaｌssavｉnｇs,itcouldｃausｅdamagebecauｓe　oftheireasyto　tranｓｐortanｄhanｄｌingcostsincreasｅd.Ｔherｅforｅ，thｅ　syｓtｅｍsapproachstrｅsｓestheｎeｅdtoｃａrry　outthetotalｃostaｎalyｓis,andtｏavoidtｈesecondbeｓtｅffectandｗeｉghthｅ　cｏsｔ　ｏｆｔhe　aｎalyｓis,　soastoacｈｉeｖeｔｈelowestｃoｓt，whilemeeting　theestablｉshedlevｅｌofcustomｅr　sｅ　rｖicｅpurposｅｓ.　

Tｈiｒd,Ｃｈinａ'ｓ　enｔerpｒiseｓiｎ　ｔhｅuseｏf　third－ｐaｒty　loｇistics　ｐrｏｂｌeｍsin

Whiｌethird－ｐartylｏｇｉsｔiｃｓｃｏmpanyｈasｍanyadvａntageｓ,　but　nｏtmanyeｎtｅrpｒises　willｂe　morｅ　oｕtsourcing　ｏfthelogisｔics　busineｓs,the　reasonsｂoiｌ　dｏwn　to:

1,rｅsistancetochaｎge

　　Manycｏmpａnies　donotwaｎｔｔhewayｔｈｒｏughtheｌｏgisｔicsoutsoｕrcing　effortstｏchａngethecurrentmode.Inparｔicuｌar，ｓomeｓｔａte-oｗnedeｎterprｉses,　wｅ　ｒeflowwill　alｓｏmｅａｎthａｔthedisｍｉssaｌofoutｓouｒciｎgａlａrge　ｎumｂeｒofemployeｅs,whｉcｈtheｍanagers　of　ｓtａｔｅ-oｗnedeｎtｅｒpｒisesｗｏｕｌdmeａn　averygｒeatriｓk．

2,lacｋ　ofawarenｅss

Ｆorｔhｉｒd-pａrtｙｌogistics　enｔeｒprise'sgenerallyｌowleｖｅloｆａwａrenｅsｓ,ｌackofａwaｒenesｓofeｎterｐrise　supｐlyｃhａinｍａnagemenｔiｎtｈeenｔｅrｐriseofthegreatroｌｅｉnｔhｅ　cｏmpetｉｔｉon.　

3,　fｅａｒoflosiｎｇ　coｎｔｒol

Asaresultoftｈeimpｌeｍeｎtaｔiｏnofsupplycｈain　cｏmｐａnieｓinenhancinｇthecomｐeｔｉtivenｅsｓoｆｔhe　imporｔanｔroｌethatmaｎycomｐaｎieswouｌdｒatheｒhaveasmaｌｌ　bｕtcoｍｐleｔe　lｏｇisticｓdeｐarｔmｅｎtaｎｄ　ｔｈeydｏnｏtprｅfｅｒthｅｓeｆｕｎctｉｏnsｗｉｌｌ　behandedovertｏｏthers,thｅｍainｒｅasonsｉtｉsworｒｉｅdｔhatｉfｔｈey　ｌoｓetheinternallｏｇｉsｔicscａpabｉｌities，custｏｍersｗｉlｌbｅ　ｅxchangesａnｄoveｒ-relianceｏnotｈeｒthird-partｙlｏgｉstics　cｏmpanies.

4,ｔheloｇisｔiｃs　ｏutｓoｕrcing　hasitsｏｗn　cｏmplexity

Supｐｌy　ｃhainｌogiｓticsbｕsiｎeｓsandcｏmpaｎiesarｅ　usuａllｙ　otheｒservices,suchａsfiｎaｎｃe，markeｔｉng　oｒproｄuｃtiｏn　ｏfiｎtｅgratedlogｉstiｃsoutｓｏｕrcinｇiｔｓelfwiｔhcomｐlexity.Ｏnａ　numｂｅrofpraｃtical　busiｎeｓｓ,incｌudｉnｇthｅiｎtegratioｎoｆtｒａnsportandsｔｏｒagemayｌeaｄto　organｉzationaｌ,adminiｓtrａtｉve　andimplemｅｎtation　proｂｌems．　Ｉnaｄｄｉtｉｏn,ｔheｃompａnｙ'sinternａlｉnfｏrｍationsyｓtem　integｒationｆeatｕres,　ｍakiｎｇｔhelogiｓtｉcsｂusｉnesstoathirｄparｔy　ｌoｇisticｓcompaniesｈａｖe　becomevｅｒydifficuｌtｔｏ　operate.

5，tｏmeasure　thｅeffectof　ｌogisticｓoutsourcｉnｇｂyｍａnｙfａｃtoｒｓ

Accｕratelymeasureｔhecostofiｎformationtechｎｏｌogy,　logisticsand　huｍanreｓouｒｃｅsmorediｆｆicｕlt.It　iｓｄｉffｉcuｌtｔｏｄｅｔermiｎethelｏｇisｔicｓoｕtsouｒcing　compａniesin　theenｄbe　abletobring　thｅcｏstofｈowｍaｎypoｔentｉａl　ｇoｏd　ｔｈｉnｇs.Ｉｎ　additiｏn，alｌｔheuniqueｎｅｓｓoftｈecoｍpaｎｙ'sｂｕsｉnｅｓsaｎd　corporａtｅsupplyｃhaiｎ　operatｉonaｌ　caｐabｉｌitｙ,isusualｌｙnoｔconｓidｅredtobeinterｎal　tｏｔｈeｅｘteｒnａl　puｂliｃｉnformation,itis　difficulｔtoaｃcurately　comｐaretheｉnter－compａnyｓupplyｃｈainoperａｔionａlcapabｉｌity.

　　Aｌthouｇｈ　ｓｏmemaｎufactuｒers　hａｖe　beeｎawareｏｆthe　useofthird-pａrtylogisticscompaniｅsｃan　briｎgalotoｆgｏodｔｈｉngs,butinprａcticaｌａpplicatiｏnsare　ｏfteｎdiviｄedintoseveralsｔｅps,atthｅsａmｅ　timｅchooseanuｍｂerofｌｏgisｔｉcs　servicepｒｏviｄｅrsasｐａrtｎers　in　ｏrderto　ａｖｏidthｅ　busineｓsbya　lｏgistｉｃssｅｒviｃepｒovｉｄersｂｒoughｔａboutbｙdｅpendeｎce.

Fourth,China'sｔｈiｒd-partylogiｓtｉcscoｍpanies　iｎthedｅvｅｌopｍent　ofｔheproblemsｅncouｎｔereｄ

Aｓｕccessfuｌlｏgisｔｉｃsｃoｍpaｎy,tｈe　operａtor　musｔhaｖｅa　largｅrscale，the　ｅstabliｓhmｅnt　ofeffectiverｅgiｏｎａlｃovｅｒaｇｅarｅa，wｉtｈa　sｔｒｏnｇcｏmmandanｄｃontroｌceｎｔｅrｗiththehiｇhｓtandarｄ　ofｉｎteｇrａtedtecｈnical,fｉnanｃiａlresourcesａnｄｂusineｓsｓtrategy.

Ｃhｉｎa'sthird－partyｌogｉsｔicscompａｎiesｉnthedeveloｐmｅｎtoｆthｅproblems　eｎｃouｎteｒeｄcａｎbesuｍｍaｒiｚｅdaｓfoｌlｏwｓ:

1,ｏpｅrａtinｇｍoｄel

Atpresenｔ,mｏstofthewｏrld'ｓlａｒｇestｌogisｔicｓcompａnｉestakｅｔhｅｈeａd　officｅand　branchsystem,ｃentｒalizeｄｈeａｄｑuａrteｒs－style　logiｓtiｃs　opｅｒationtoｔaketotｈeimplｅmｅｎtatioｎofｖｅrticalｂｕsiness　manageｍｅnt.Theesｔaｂliｓｈmｅntoｆａｍoｄeｒｎ　logiｓticsｅnｔｅｒpriｓemｕstｈaｖeastrｏng,flexiblecommand　aｎdconｔrｏlcenter　tocoｎtrol　theentire　loｇisｔｉｃs　operaｔions　aｎdcoordination.Realmｕsｔ　beａｍoｄｅrｎｌogistｉcｓ　cｅnteｒ,aｐrofｉtｃeｎter,ｂusｉnessｏｒganizａtions，the　frameｗｏrk，ｔheiｎstｉtutioｎaｌfｏrmｏfeverｙmａtchwiｔha　center．China＇slｏgistics　ｅnｔerｐｒiｓesin　the　operatｉngｍodｅof　tｈｅ　problｅmsoffoｒeｉgnlogistｉcsｅntｅrpriseｓinthemaｎagｅmeｎｔmodel　ｓhoulｄ　befｒomthedoｍestiｃlogisｔｉｃseｎｔｅｒprisｅｓ.

2,　thelaｃk　ofstorageｏrtｒansporｔcapacitｙ

Thｅ　ｐrimａryｆ