中考形容词语法.docx
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中考形容词语法
中考形容词语法
1、形容词的词法功能
成分
用法
示例
作定语
1、形容词放在名词前作定语,多个形容词的排列顺序:
限定描绘大长高;形状年龄和新老;颜色国籍跟材料;作用类别往后靠。
Eg:
asmallroundwoodentable;alightbluewoolensweater;adirtyoldbrownshirt
2、形容词作后置定语:
不定代词作后置定语
长宽高深年龄等形容词后置;
Else只能做后置定语
形容词短语要后置
Somethingimportant
Halfameterdeep
14yearsold
Anyoneelse
Abasketfullofapples
作表语
1、放在系动词之后:
be;feel;look;taste;smell;sound;get;go;become;turn;seem
2、只能作表语的系动词:
afraid;alone;asleep;awake;alive;well;ill
作宾语补足语
用在make;keep;leave
Makemeangry
形容词名词化
The+形容词表示一类人,谓语动词用复数
Thedead;theliving;therich;thepoor
2、变化规则
变化规则
例子
1、一般加-er;-est
Long-longer-longest;short-shorter-shortest
2、以e结尾加r和est
Nice-nicer-nicest;late-later-latest
3、以辅音字母结尾重读闭音节
Hot-hotter-hottest;fat-fatter-fattest
4、以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i加es
Easy-easier-easiest;happy-happier-happiest
5、多音节词和部分双音节词,在词的前面加more和most
Beautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful
Delicious-moredelicious-mostdelicious
6、不规则变化
Good-better-best
Bad-worse-worst
Many/much-more-most
Little-less-least
Far-farther/further-farthest/furthest
Old-older/elder-oldest/eldest
3、形容词原级的判定方法
1、由表示程度的副词very;so;too;enough;quite;等修饰时,用形容词的原级;如:
thefilmistooboring.
2、表示两者在某一方面相同或不同时用原级
用法
示例
A=B:
A...+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B
EnglishisaninterestingasChinese.
A≠B:
A...+not+as/so+形容词/副词原级+B
Iamnotas/socarefulasLucy.
表示“A是B的......倍时,”用“A+倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B”结构(一倍once;两倍twice;三倍及以上用:
基数词+times)
Ourschoolisthreetimesasbigastheirs.
Asmuch/many...+as表示前后的数量相同
Johnearnsasmuchmoneyashisbrother.
As+原级+as+用作比喻的名词,意为“像......一样”此结构可以构成许多习惯用语,多用于口语
Heisasbusyasabee.
4、形容词比较级的判定方法
1、由表示程度的副词alittle;abit;afew;alot,much,evenstill,far,rather,any等修饰时,用形容词或副词的比较级,如:
Itisevencoldertoday.
2、比较级的常见结构
用法
示例
A+be/动词+比较级+than+B,表示“A比B...”
Theboxisheavierthanthatone.
“the+比较级......the+比较级”表示“越...就越...”
Themoreweknoweachother,thebetterweunderstandeachother.
比较级+and+比较级,表示“越来越......”
注意:
若是比较级是在原级前加more构成的,则用“moreandmore+原级”表示
Ourcityisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.
A+be/动词+less+多音节形容词原级+than+B,表示“A不及B”
Thefilmwaslessinterestingthanthebook.
表示两者之间进行选择时,用句型:
which/who+be+比较级,AorB?
Whichisnearertothesun,themoonortheearth?
表示两者之间较......的一个(ofthetwo),常用the+比较级结构
Peteristhethinnerofthetwins.
表示几倍于......时,用倍数+比较级+than表示
TheYangtzeRiverisalmosttwicelongerthanthePearlRiver.
比其他的任何一个:
比较级thananyother名单(同一范围)
=比较级thantheother名复(同一范围)
=比较级thananyoneelse(同一范围)
比较级thanany名单(不同范围)
Heismorecleverthananyotherboyinhisclass.
Heistallerthantheothergirlsinhisclass.
Jackstudiesharderthananyoneelseinhisclass.
用法
示例
1、表示三者或者三者以上的人或者事物进行比较时,用最高级形式,形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词最高级前不用加。
句末常跟in/of/among短语来表示范围,即用“A+be+the+最高+(in/of/among)”表示
Thispictureisthebestofall.
2、“A+be+oneof+the+形容词最高级+名词复数+谓语动词用三单”表示A是...中...之一
DengZiqiisoneofthemostpopularsingers.
3、表示三者或者三者以上的人或物当中选择时,用句型:
“which/who+be/动词+the+最高级,A,BorC?
”
Whojumpshighest,Tom,Kateorbill?
4、“A+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数+范围”表示“第几最”
ItisthesecondtallestTowerintheworld.
5、形容词最高级前面可以用物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰,但此时不能再加定冠词the
Sheismybestfriend.
6、比较级结构可以表示最高级含义
Helistenstotheteachermorecarefullythananyotherstudentinourclass.
7、某人见过最......
Itisthemostinterestingmoviethatihaveeverseen.
5、如何判断空格处使用形容词
使用形容词的情况
示例
1、位于系动词后作表语
Thisdressisverybeautiful.
2、位于名词前作定语
Ineedtohaveagoodrestafteralongtimeofwork.
3、位于复合不定词之后做后置定语,修饰复合不定代词
Thereisnothingseriouswithyourphone.
4、位于宾语之后作宾语,常与make,leave,keep等动词连用
Everyoneshouldmakehisownlifecolourful.
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1.阅读下列短文,从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
D
Jackievisitedhisgrandparentsontheirfarm.Andhewasplayingwithaslingshot(弹弓)inthewoods.HepractisedintheWOODSbuthecouldneverhitthetarget.Ashewaswalkingback,hesawGrandma'spetduck.Withoutthinking,heshot,hittheduckinthehead.andkilledit.Hewasveryafraid.HeknewGrandmalovedtheduck.Shewouldbesadorevenangryifsheknewthatherduckwaskilled.Hethenhidthedeadduckunderatree.HissisterSusansawitall.butshesaidnothing.
AfterlunchthatdayGrandmasaid,“Susan,let'swashthedishes.”ButSusansaid,“Grandma.Jackietoldmehewantedtohelpinthekitchentoday,didn'tyou,Jackie?
”Andthenshewhispered(小声说)tohim,“Remembertheduck?
”SoJackiedidthedishes.
LaterGrandpaaskedifthechildrenwantedtogofishing,butGrandmasaid,”I'msorrybutIneedSusantohelpcleanthehouse.”ButSusansmiledandsaid,“Well,that'sallrightbecauseJackietoldmehewantedtohelp.”Andshewhisperedagain,“Remembertheduck?
”SoSusanwentfishingwithGrandpaandJackiestayed.
These“remembertheduck”wentonformanydays.ThenfinallyJackiecouldn'tstanditanylonger.HecametoGrandmaandtoldherthathehadkilledtheduck.Shegavehimahug,andsaid,“Sweetheart,Iknow.Yousee,IwasstandingatthewindowandIsawthewholething.ButbecauseIloveyou,Iforgaveyou.ButIjustwantedtoseehowlongyouwouldletSusanmakeaslaveofyou.”
(1)WhatdidJackiehitwiththeslingshotatlast?
A. Thetarget.
B. Arabbit.
C. Thepetduck.
D. Apetdog.
(2)Susandidn'ttellGrandmaaboutJackie'ssecretbecause______.
A. shewantedJackietodosomethingforher
B. shewasafraidGrandmawouldbeverysad
C. shedidn'twanttomakeGrandmaangry
D. shelovedherbrotherverymuch
(3)JackiehelpedcleanthehouseinsteadofgoingfishingwithGrandpabecause______.
A. helikedcleaningthehouse
B. Grandmaaskedhimto
C. hedidn'tlikegoingfishing D. hewantedSusantokeephissecret
(4)Whatlessondoesthestorywanttotellus?
A. It'sdangeroustoplaywithaslingshotonafarm.
B. It'simpossibletoletgirlskeepsecretsforyou.
C. Itmakesyoufeelbettertotellthantohide.
D. It'sdangeroustoletothersseewhatyou'vedone.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)A
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文叙述了约翰尼由于自己的冲动把祖母的宠物鸭子射死了,他把鸭子藏在了柴堆里,可这一切都被妹妹萨利看在了眼里,妹妹就利用她知道的秘密该她干的活就都推给约翰尼去做,这样过了几天之后,约翰尼再也受不了,于是就向祖母承认了错误,祖母其实早就知道了这一切,她原谅了他,最后短文指出无论承认错误有多难,我们也要这样做,这样有助于我们成长。
(1)细节理解题。
从hesawGrandma'spetduck.Withoutthinking,heshot,hittheduckinthehead.andkilledit.可知他射中了鸭子,故选C。
(2)细节理解题。
从“Susan,let'swashthedishes.”ButSusansaid,“Grandma.Jackietoldmehewantedtohelpinthekitchentoday,didn'tyou,Jackie?
”Andthenshewhispered(小声说)tohim,“Remembertheduck?
”SoJackiedidthedishes.可知Susan不告诉奶奶Jackie的秘密是为了威胁他让他为她做事,故选A。
(3)细节理解题。
从Andshewhisperedagain,“Remembertheduck?
”SoSusanwentfishingwithGrandpaandJackiestayed.可知他想要Susan保密,故选D。
(4)主旨概括题。
从最后一段可知坦白比隐藏要好得多,故选C。
【点评】答题中注意带着问题阅读短文,一般就能顺利找出答题依据。
对于不能直接找到根据的问题注意联系上下文,根据短文中心总结出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Alongwithwheat,riceisoneofthemostimportantfoodcropsintheworld.Itisanutritious,healthyfood.
Eachyear,farmersgrowmillionsoftonsofrice.
TopFiveRice﹣producingCountries
(1)Whatfoodcropisthereadingmaterialmainlyabout?
A. Wheat. B. Rice. C. Corn. D. Potato.
(2)Inwhichcountryisthemostricegrown?
A. China. B. Bangladesh. C. India. D. Vietnam.
(3)Fromthemapweknowthatthefivecountriesareallin .
A. Europe.
B. Africa.
C. America.
D. Asia.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)D
【解析】【分析】短文大意:
这篇阅读材料主要介绍了世界水稻种植的国家和产量。
(1)细节理解题。
根据riceisoneofthemostimportantfoodcropsintheworld.水稻是世界上最重要的粮食作物。
故选B。
(2)看图识图题。
根据柱形图可知中国的水稻产量最高超过200000000,其次是印度,再次印度尼西亚。
故选A。
(3)看图识图题。
根据柱形图可知世界五大水稻生产国是:
中国,印度,印度尼西亚,孟加拉和越南。
它们都是亚洲国家。
故选D。
【点评】此题考查阅读理解。
先观察图片,理解图片信息。
然后分析问题,带着问题仔细观察图片信息,找出问题正确答案。
3.阅读理解
China'ssecondfemaleastronaut,WangYaping,hasgiventhecountry'sfirst-evervideolecturefromspace.Thewholelecturelastedabout40minutes.
Speakingtostudentsthroughlivevideo,fromtheTiangong-Ispacelaboratory,Ms.Wangusedspinningtops(旋转的陀螺),aballandsomewatertoexplainphysicsinzero-gravity(失重),withthehelpofafellowastronaut.
Ms.Wanguseddifferentexperimentstodemonstratetheconceptsofweightandmass(重量和质量的概念)inspace.Towardstheendoftheclass,Ms.Wangmadeafilm(薄膜)ofwaterusingametalring.Shethenturnedthefilmofwaterintoawaterballbypouringmorewaterontoit.
Around330primaryandsecondaryschoolstudentswatchedthelecturefromaspecialclassroominBeijing,wheretheycouldalsoaskMs.Wangquestionsthroughlivevideo.Fromtimetotime,thestudentsgreetedherlecturewithwarmapplause(掌声).
Whenansweringastudent'squestion,Ms.Wangdescribedwhatshecouldseeinspace."Thestarsweseearemuchbrighter,buttheydonottwinkle(闪烁),"shesaid,"Theskyweseeisn'tblue,butblack.Andeveryday,wecanseethesunrise16timesbecausewecircletheEarthevery90minutes."
About60millionstudentsandteachersaroundChinaalsowatchedthelectureliveonTV.
(1)What'sthepurpose(目的)ofthespacelecture?
A. Toexplainphysicsofzero-gravityinspace.
B. Todemonstratetheconceptofweightandmassinspace.
C. Totelluswhatcanbeseeninspace.
D. ToshowthattheEarthisfarawayfromspace.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"demonstrate"inthepassagemostprobablymeaninChinese?
A. 区别 B. 强调 C. 传授 D. 演示
(3)Towardstheendofthelecture,WangYapingmadeafilmofwatersoasto .
A. playwithit