大学英语四级真题word打印版Word下载.docx

大学英语四级真题word打印版Word下载.docx

《大学英语四级真题word打印版Word下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《大学英语四级真题word打印版Word下载.docx（28页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

AGrassrootsRemedy

Mostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.Tothisend,wewalkthedog,playgolf,gofishing,sitinthegarden,drinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepub,haveapicnic,liveinthesuburbs,gototheseaside,buyaweekendplaceinthecountry.ThemostpopularleisureactivityinBritainisgoingforawalk.Andwhenjoggers（慢跑者）jog,theydon'

trunthestreets.Everyoneoftheminstinctivelyheadstotheparkortheriver.Itismyprofoundbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneednature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.

Butdespitethis,ourchildrenaregrowingupnature-deprived（丧失）.IspentmyboyhoodclimbingtreesonStreathamCommon,SouthLondon.Thesedays,childrenarerobbedoftheseancientfreedoms,duetoproblemslikecrime,traffic,thelossoftheopenspacesandoddnewperceptionsaboutwhatisbestforchildren,thatistosay,thingsthatcanbebought,ratherthanthingsthatcanbefound.

Thetruthistobefoundelsewhere.AstudyintheUS:

familieshadmovedtobetterhousingandthechildrenwereassessedforADHD—attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder（多动症）.Thosewhoseaccommodationhadmorenaturalviewsshowedanimprovementof19%;

thosewhohadthesameimprovementinmaterialsurroundingsbutnoniceview-improvedjust4%.

AstudyinSwedenindicatedthatkindergardenchildrenwhocouldplayinanaturalenvironmenthadlessillnessandgreaterphysicalabilitythanchildrenusedonlytoanormalplayground.AUSstudysuggestedthatwhenaschoolgavechildrenaccesstoanaturalenvironment,academiclevelswereraisedacrosstheentireschool.

Anotherstudyfoundthatchildrenplaydifferentlyinanaturalenvironment.Inplaygrounds,childrencreateahierarchy（等级）basedonphysicalabilities,withthetoughonestakingthelead.Butwhenagrassyareawasplantedwithbushes,thechildrengotmuchmoreintofantasyplay,andthesocialhierarchywasnowbasedonimaginationsandcreativity.

Mostbullying（恃强凌弱）isfoundinschoolswherethereisatarmac（柏油碎石）playground;

theleastbullyingisinanaturalareathatthechildrenareencouragedtoexplore.ThisremindsmeunpleasantlyofSunnyhillSchoolinStreamham,withitsharshtarmac,whereIusedtohangaboutincomersfantasisingaboutwildlife.

Butchildrenarefrequentlydiscouragedfrominvolvementwithnaturalspaces,forhealthandsafetyreasons,forfearthattheymightgetdirtyorthattheymightcausedamage.So,instead,thedamageisdonetothechildrenthemselves:

nottotheirbodiesbuttotheirsouls.

OneofthegreatproblemsofmodemchildhoodisADHD,nowincreasinglyandexpensivelytreatedwithdrugs.YetonestudyafteranotherindicatesthatcontactwithnaturegiveshugebenefitstoADHDchildren.However,wespendmoneyondrugsratherthanongreenplaces.

Thelifeofoldpeopleismeasurablybetterwhentheyhaveaccesstonature.Theincreasingemphasisforthegrowingpopulationofoldpeopleisinqualityratherthanquantityofyears.Andstudyafterstudyfindsthatagardenisthesinglemostimportantthinginfindingthatquality.

Inwiderandmoredifficultareasoflife,thereisevidencetoindicatethatnaturalsurroundingsimproveallkindsofthings.Evenproblemswithcrimeandaggressivebehaviourarereducedwhenthereiscontactwiththenaturalworld.

DrWilliamBird,researcherfromtheRoyalSocietyfortheProtectionofBirds,statesinhisstudy."

Anaturalenvironmentcanreduceviolentbehaviourbecauseitsrestorativeprocesshelpsreduceangerandimpulsivebehaviour."

Wildplacesneedencouragingforthisreason,nomatterhowsmalltheircontribution.

Wetendtolookonnatureconservationassomekindoffavourthathumanbeingsaregrantingtothenaturalworld.Theerrorhereisfartoodeep:

notonlydohumansneednatureforthemselves,buttheveryideathathumanityandthenaturalworldareseparablethingsisprofoundlydamaging.

Humanbeingsareaspeciesofmammals（哺乳动物）.Forsevenmillionyearstheylivedontheplanetaspartofnature.Ourancestralselvesmissthenaturalworldandlongforcontactwithnon-humanlife.Anyonewhohaspattedadog,strokedacat,satunderatreewithapintofbeer,givenorreceivedabunchofflowersorchosentowalkthroughtheparkonniceday,understandsthat.

Weneedthewildworld.Itisessentialtoourwell-being,ourhealth,ourhappiness.Withoutthewildworldwearenotmorebutlesscivilized.Withoutotherlivingthingsarounduswearelessthanhuman.

Fivewaystofindharmonywiththenaturalworld

Walk:

Breaktherhythmofpermanentlybeingunderaroof.Getoffastopearlier,makeacircuitoftheparkatlunchtime,walkthechildtoandfromschool,getadog,feelyourselfmovinginmovingair,look,listen,absorb.

Sit:

Takeamoment,everynowandthen,tobestillinanopenspace.Inthegarden,anywherethat'

snotintheoffice,anywhereoutofthehouse,awayfromtheroutine.Situnderatree,lookatwater,feelrefreshed,eversoslightlyrenewed.

Drink:

Thebestwaytoenjoythenaturalworldisbyyourself;

thesecondbestwayisincompany.Takeadrinkoutsidewithagoodperson,agoodgathering:

talkwiththesunandthewindwithbirdsongforbackground.

Learn:

Expandyourboundaries.Learnfivespeciesofbirds,fivebutterflies,fivetrees,fivebirdsongs.Thatway,youseeandhearmore:

andyourmindresponds,graduallytothegreateramountofwildnessinyourlife.

Travel:

Theplacesyoualwayswantedtovisit:

bytheseaside,inthecountry,inthehills.Takeaweekendbreak,aday-trip,getoutthereanddoit;

forthescenery,forthewaythroughthewoods,forthebirds,forthebees.Gosomewherespecialandbringspecialnesshome.Itlastsforever,afterall.

1.Whatistheauthor'

sprofoundbelief?

A）Peopleinstinctivelyseeknatureindifferentways.

B）Peopleshouldspendmostoftheirlivesinthewild.

C）Peoplehavequitedifferentperceptionsofnature.

D）Peoplemustmakemoreeffortstostudynature.

2.Whatdoestheauthorsaypeoplepreferfortheirchildrennowadays?

A）Peoplefreedom.

B）Thingsthatarenatural.

C）Urbansurroundings.

D）Thingsthatarepurchased.

3.WhatdoesastudyinSwedenshow?

A）Thenaturalenvironmentcanhelpchildrenlearnbetter.

B）Moreaccesstothenaturemakeschildrenlesslikelytofallill.

C）Agoodplaygroundhelpskidsdeveloptheirphysicalabilities.

D）NaturalviewscanpreventchildrenfromdevelopingADHD.

4.Childrenwhohavechancestoexplorenaturalareas______.

A）tendtodevelopastrongloveforscience.

B）aremorelikelytofantasiseaboutwildlife.

C）tendtobephysicallytougherinadulthood.

D）arelesslikelytobeinvolvedinbullying.

5.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestwedotohelpchildrenwithADHD?

A）Findmoreeffectivedrugsforthem.

B）Providemoregreenspacesforthem.

C）Placethemundermorepersonalcare.

D）Engagetheminmoremeaningfulactivities.

6.Inwhatwaydoelderlypeoplebenefitfromtheircontactwithnature?

A）Theylookonlifeoptimistically.

B）Theyenjoyalifeofbetterquality.

C）Theyareabletolivelonger.

D）Theybecomegood-humored.

7.DrwilliamBirdsuggestsinhisstudythat______.

A）humanityandnaturearecomplementarytoeachother.

B）wildplacesmayinduceimpulsivebehaviourinpeople.

C）accesstonaturecontributestothereductionofviolence.

D）ittakesalongtimetorestorenatureoncedamaged.

8.Itisextremelyharmfultothinkthathumanityandthenaturalworldcanbe______.

9.Theauthorbelievesthatwewouldnotbesocivilisedwithout______.

10.Thefivesuggestionstheauthorgivesattheendofthepassagearemeanttoencouragepeopletoseek______withthenaturalworld.

PartⅢListeningComprehension

SectionA

Inthissectionyouwillhear8shortconversationasand2longeonversationa.AttheendofeachconversationoneormorequeastionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaidBoththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourehoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichthebestanswerTheemarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroghthecentre.

11.A）Themanshouldvisitthemuseums.

B）Shecan'

tstandthehotweather.

C）Thebeachresortisagoodchoice.

D）SheenjoysstayinginWashington.

12.A）Hernewresponsibilitiesinthecompany.

B）Whatherjobprospectsare.

C）Whatthecustomers'

feedbackis.

D）Thedirector'

sopinionofherwork.

13.A）Combinehertrainingwithdieting.

B）Repeatthetrainingeverythreedays.

C）Avoidexcessivephysicaltraining.

D）Includeweightliftingintheprogram.

14.A）Whenshewillreturnhome.

B）Whethershecangobyherself.

C）Whethershecantravelbyair.

D）Whenshewillcompletelyrecover.

15.A）Thewomanknowshow-todealwiththepolice.

B）Thewomanhadbeenfinedmanytimesbefore.

C）Thewomanhadviolatedtrafficregulations.

D）Thewomanisgoodatfindingexcused.

16.A）Switchofftherefrigeratorforawhile.

B）Havesomeone