It的用法讲解与练习题.doc
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It的用法(专项总结)
一、人称代词
1,it的最基本用法是作代词,主要指刚提到的事物,以避免重复:
①Theywatchedthetrainuntilitdisappearedinthedistance.
2.,也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):
②Isthisyourdog?
No,itisn’t.
③Theygotababyanditwasaten-pounder
3.,也可指抽象事物或指抽象环境和情景:
③Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwithafullmouth..
二、.非人称代词
1.it有时并不指具体的东西而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等:
⑴.指天气:
Itisalovelyday,isn’t it?
⑵.指时间:
Itwasnearlymidnightwhenshecameback.
⑶.指日期:
ItisAprilFirsttoday. ⑷.指距离:
Itissome3000kilometersfromAtoB.
⑸.指价值:
Itisthreedollars. ⑹.指温度:
Todayitis30degreescentigrade.
三、其他用法
1.在句子的主语不太明确时充当主语,表示谁在做某事:
①Whoisitthere?
It'sI(me/you/he.....). ②IthoughtitwasMary,butitwasnotshe.
③Herface lightedwhenshesawwhoitwas.
2.泛泛的指某件事:
(有时泛指一般情况)
①Itdoesn’tmatter. ②Itisashame,isn’t it?
③Howisitgoing?
(情况怎样)
④Itsaysinthenewspaperthat......
3.it用在一些词组中,it没有特别的意思
Thelasttrain'sgone.Comeon,we'llfootit.(来,咱们步行吧。
)
四、作形式主语,替代主语从句,动词不定式,或动名词短语:
1.作形式主语替代主语从句
⑴Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain....)that从句常译为"┅清楚的(显然的,真的,可能的,肯定的...)"
Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree. =That he’sroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear.
⑵Itisimportant(necessary,right,strange,natural...)that从句 常译为┅是重要的(必要的,对的,奇怪的,自然的┅).that后的从句中要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可以省去,建议记住该句型中的形容词。
①Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.②Itisnecessarythathe(should)rememberthesewords.
⑶Itissaid(reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....)that从句常译为"据说(据报道,据悉...)"。
①ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.②Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.
⑷Itissuggested(advised/ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded...)that从句.that 后的从句要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可以省;常译为"据建议;有命令...)
①Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.
②Itwasorderedthatwe(should)arrivethereintwohours.
⑸Itistime(abouttime,hightime)that从句(虚拟语气:
动词用过去时did)
① Itistimethatchildrenwenttobed.
⑹Itisthefirst(second...)timethat从句(从句用现在完成时havedone)
Itwas…(从句用过去完成时haddone)常译为"是第一
(二)...次..."。
ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.=ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere
⑺Itisapity(ashame/anhonour/agoodthing/afact,/asurprise/...)that从句.
that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可省去.表示出乎意料,常译为"竟然"。
没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。
①Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.这种事竟然发生在你们班上,真是遗憾!
②Itisapitythatheisill.他生病了,真遗憾!
⑻Ithappens(seems,looks,appears)that从句.常译为“碰巧…,似乎是…,看起来…”
①Ithappened(sohappened)thathemethisteacherinthestreet.碰巧...
②Itseemsthathewillbebackinafewdays.看来...
2.作形式主语替代不定式
.⑴Itiskind(ofsb.)todosth.不定式的逻辑主语是由of引起,主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的褒义或贬义形容词。
常见的词有:
bad,brave,careless,clever,cruel,foolish,good(好心的),honest,horrible,kind,lazy,modest,naughty,nice(有教养的),polite,rude,silly,stupid,wise,wrong(错误的)等。
这个句型可以改写为:
sb.iskindtodosth.。
如:
Itiskindofyoutosayso.=Youarekindtosayso.
⑵Itisnecessary(forsb.)todosth..不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起,主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性,紧迫性,频繁程度,难易,安全等情况的中性形容词。
常见的形容词有:
important,necessary,naturaleasy,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,rare,impossible,pleasant
如:
Itisimportantforhertocometotheparty.=Itisimportantthatshe(should)cometotheparty.
⑶Ittakessb....todosth.常译为"做...要花费某人..."。
如:
IttookthousandsofpeoplemanyyearstobuildtheGreatWall.
3.作形式主语替代动名词短语
Itisnogood/nouse/uselessdoingsth.常译为“┅有好处或没有用”
①ItisnogoodlearningEnglishwithoutspeakingEnglish.
②It'suselesstryingtoarguewithShylock.
五、作形式宾语,代替不定式,动名词短语或宾语从句。
Wethinkitimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.
该句型中的it作形式宾语,该结构中常用的动词有:
think,believe,make,findconsider,feel;如:
Wethinkitourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.
HefeltitimportantlearningEnglishwell.
Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.
TheInternetmakesiteasierforcompaniestokeepintouchwithcustomers.
CF:
keepsth,inmind/keepinmindthat
六、.it的重要句型
1.强调句型:
Itis/was +被强调部分+that从句(被强调的主语如果是人,that可以由who换用)
①Itwasabout600yearsagothatthefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.
②Itwastheythat(who)cleanedtheclassroomyesterday.
特例:
Itisnotuntil+被强调部分+that...该句型也是强调句型。
主要用于强凋时间状语,译成汉语"直到...才...",可以说是not...until...的强调形式。
ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.
七、常用句型及考点
I.形式主语型
1.Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain…)that…
2.Itisimportant(necessary,right,strange,natural…)that…
掌握本句型,应该记住所列举的形容词,并且记住that后的从句应用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可以省去。
3.Itisnogood(use)doingsth.
4.Itisapity(ashame…)that…
本句型中,that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should十动词原形),should可以省去。
表示出乎意料,常译为“竟然”。
没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。
5.Itistime(abouttime,hightime)that…
本句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气。
6.Itisthefirst(second…)timethat…
7.Itissaid(reported,learned….)that…
8.Itissuggested(ordered…)that…
本句型中的过去分词应该是表示请求、建议、命令等的词,that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should十动词原形),should可以省略。
常译为“据建议;有命令……”。
9.Ithappens(seems,appears)that…
10.Ittakessb…todosth.
11.Itdoesn’tmatterwhether…
12.Itiskind(ofsb)todosth.
本句型中的不定式如果需要逻辑主语,则须要前置介词of,而句型中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词,常见的有bad,brave,careless,clever,cruel,foolish,honest,horrible,kind,lazy,modest,naughty,polite,rude,silly,stupid,wise,wrong等。
13.Itisnecessary(forsb)todosth.
14.Itis(just)likesbtodosth.
本句型为“某人(恰恰)是……样子”。
用来表示赞扬或不满,若用否定式,则表示怀疑。
例:
It'slikehimtoleavetheworktoothers.
他就是这样的一个人,把工作推给别人。
15.Itisuptosbtodosth.
本句型表示“谊由某人做……”。
II.强调句型
Itis+被强调部分+that/who…
本句型中被强调部分可以是主语、宾语或状语。
强调的主语如果是人,that可以由who换用。
III.其他句型
1.Itis…since…
本句型主句中用时间作表语,一般用现在时或完成时,since引导的从句常用瞬间动词的一般过去时态。
主句如用一般过去时,则从句用过去完成时。
2.Itis…when…
本句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句,主句中的it指时间,表语由具体的时间充当。
3.Itlooks(seems)asif...
本句型中的asif引导一个状语从句,常译为“看起来好像……”。
如果与事实不相符合,则用虚拟语气.
例1Itlooksasifheisill(真的病了).
例2Itlooksasifhewereill(没有生病).
Exercises:
一.单项选择
1.Itwasatthegate____hetoldmethenews.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when
2.Is____necessarytotellhisfathereverything
A.itB.thatC.whatD.he
3.Wasitinthispalace____thelastemperordied?
A.thatB.inwhichC.inwhereD.which
4.Is____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?
A.nowB.manC.thatD.it
5.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar____hedied?
A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then
6.Is____necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?
A.thisB.thatC.itD.he
7.Idon'tthink____possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.
A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it
8.Does____matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?
A.thisB.thatC.heD.it
9.Itwasnot____shetookoffherdarkglasses____,Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.
A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then
10.Tom‘smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but____didn’thelp.
A.heB.whichC.sheD.it
11.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
12.Is________possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?
A.nowB.manC.thatD.it
13.Ourfoodandservicearebetterthan________usedtobe.
A.itB.weC.theyD.them
14.________appearstome________thereportmustbetruth.
A.That;itB.It;thatC.It;itD.That;that
15.Hefeels________dutytohelpothers.
A.thatheB.thathisC.itheD.ithis
16.Take________easy.Theroadsareicy.
A.itB.themC.usD.you
17.TheTVsetsmadeinChinaaremuchbetterthan________inJapan.
A.thatB.thoseC.themD.It
18.——Haveyoufoundthebikeyoulostyesterday?
——Yes,I'vefound________already.
A.itB.thatC.theoneD.thatone
19.——I'mlookingforaflat.
——Wouldyoulike____with____garden?
A.it;theB.it;aC.one;aD.one;the
20.________was________whoImetinthemuseumthismorning.
A.It;himB.It;heC.That;heD.That;him
21.Itwasinthericefields________wehadourLeaguemeeting.
A.whereB.thatC.inwhichD.onwhich
22.________youcometothepartysolate?
A.WhyisitB.Whyitis
C.WhyitisthatD.Whyisitthat
23.——Wereallthreepeopleinthecarinjuredintheaccident
——No,___onlythetwopassengers___gothurt.
A.theywere;thatB.therewas;that
C.itwas;whoD.thereare;who
24.Idon'tthink________possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.
A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it
25.Itwasnot________shetookoffherglasses________Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.
A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then
26.Itwasnotuntil1920____regularradiobroadcastsbegan.
A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since
27.________isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
28.Itwasabout600yearsago________thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.
A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when
29.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently____Ibegan