高中英语虚拟语气知识点及练习.doc

高中英语虚拟语气知识点及练习.doc

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虚拟语气：

虚拟证据表示说的话不是事实，或者不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或者与事实相反的假设等，一般常用于正式的书面语中。

一、虚拟语气在if条件从句中的用法：

1、a.IfIwereyou,Iwouldapplyforthejob.

b.IfIlivednearmyoffice,Iwouldwalktotheoffice.

与现在事实相反，If条件从句谓语：

过去式（be用were）

主句谓语：

should/would/could/might+动词原形

2、a.Ifyouhadbeenmorecareful,Youcouldhavepassedtheexam.

b.Ifyouhadturnedoffthegas,thehousewouldn’thavecaughtfire.

与过去事实相反，If条件从句谓语：

had+动词过去分词

主句谓语：

should/would/could/might+havedone

3、a.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.

b.ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.

c.Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.

与将来事实相反：

If条件从句谓语：

过去式/should+v原形/were+todo

主句谓语：

should/would/could/might+do

二、混合虚拟条件句：

不同时间的虚拟，各遵守各的规则，如：

a.Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbequiteallrightnow.

从句叙述与过去事实相反（had+done），主句叙述与现在事实相反（would+v）

b.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.

从句叙述与现在事实相反（过去式），主句叙述与过去事实相反（wouldhavedone）

三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的适用：

a.Theydemandedthattheblackpeople（should）betreatedaswellaswhitepeople.

b.Hesuggestedthatwe（should）startoffatonce.（建议）

Hissmilesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.（暗示，表明）

c.Iinsistedthatyou（should）givememymoneyback.（坚决（持），要求）

Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.（坚持说/坚持认为）

这类动词有：

一坚持（insist），二命令（order,command），三建议（advise,suggest,recommend,propose），四要求（require,request,demand,desire）

d.IwishIwereabird.

Idowishyouwouldcomeearliernexttime.

IwishIhaddonebetterinmywork.

四、虚拟语气在主语从句中的适用：

1.Itwas/isimportant/vital/necessary/appropriate/proper/rightthat……

eg:

Itisimportantthatwe（should）thinkbeforewedecide.

2.Itisimportantthatwe（should）thinkbeforewedecide.

据建议/要求/命令……

eg:

Itissuggestedthatparents（should）spendmoretimewiththeirchildrenalone.

五、虚拟语气在表语从句中的适用（与表示决定、主张、要求、建议、命令的名词。

如：

suggestion,proposal,advice,order,demand,requirement等）构成的表语从句常用should+do结构

eg：

Oursuggestionisthatthemeeting（should）beputoff.

六、虚拟语气在同位语从句中的适用（与表示决定、主张、要求、建议、命令的名词。

如：

suggestion,proposal,advice,order,demand,requirement等）构成的同位语从句中常用should+do结构

eg:

Doctorsgiveussomeadvicethatwe（should）paymoreattentiontoourhealth.

七、含蓄条件句的虚拟语气：

由butfor（要不是），Without（要是没有），otherwise（要不然）,but等引导

如：

butforthestorm,Iwouldhavearrivedmuchearlier.

Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavepassedthedrivingtest.

Iwastoobusyatthattime.OtherwiseIwouldhavecalledyou.

Iwouldhavecometoseeyou,butIwastoobusy.

注意：

句子或主句中的谓语动词的形式视具体情况而定。

这是考查考生应变能力的最佳试题。

八、虚拟语气的其他用法

1、It’s（high）timethat从句:

（从句用过去式或者should+动词原形

eg：

It’shightimethatyouwenttoschool.

2、Ifonly（要是……就好了……）用一般过去式表示与现在或将来事实相反，用过去完成的表示与过去事实相反。

eg：

IfonlyIwereafilmstar.

IfonlyIhadknownhisphoneunmber.

3、asif引导的方式状语从句中的虚拟语气：

eg:

HetreatsmeasifIwerehisownson.

ShespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifshehadlearnedEnglishinAmericaforyears.

HelearnsEnglishsohardasifhewouldgoabroad.

4、wouldrather+that从句中的虚拟语气

eg:

Iwouldratherthatyoupaidmenow.

Iwouldratherthatyouhadn’tdoneitbefore.

5、虚拟语气也常用于“ifitwere/hadbeennotfor……”句型中，意为“要不是……”

eg:

Ifitwerenotforpeace,wecouldnotbelivingahappylifetoday.

Ifithadnotbeenforyouradvice,Iwouldnothaveacceptedthejob.

6、省略if的虚拟语气：

从句中有were,had,should等词语，省略if，将were,had,should提到句首，如：

a.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.

→Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.

b.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.

→Wereittoraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.

c.IfIhadhadthemoneylastyear,Iwouldhaveboughtthehouse.

→HadIhadthemoneylastyear,Iwouldhaveboughtthehouse.

（）1.Ifweadequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.

A.haven’tmade B.wouldn’tmake

C.didn’tmake D.hadn’tmade

（）2.Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathesomethinginsteadofjusttaking.

A.willdo B.hasdone C.do D.did

（）3.Don’thandlethevaseasifitmadeofsteel.

A.is B.were C.hasbeen D.hadbeen

（）4.Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfItime,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.

A.havehad B.hadhad C.have D.had

（）5.Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage,otherwisewemoreplacesofinterestyesterday.

A.visited B.hadvisited

C.wouldvisit D.wouldhavevisited

（）6.Gracedoesn’twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshethere,shewouldn’tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.

A.lives B.wouldlive C.haslived D.weretolive

（）7.Wethedifficultytogether,butwhydidn’tyoutellme?

A.shouldface B.mightface C.couldhavefaced D.musthavefaced

（）8.Ifmycarmorereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.

A.was B.hadbeen C.shouldbe D.wouldbe

（）9.Hadtheyknownwhatwascomingnext,theysecondthoughts.

A.mayhave B.couldhave C.musthavehad D.mighthavehad

（）10.―Wherearethechildren?

Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.

―Iwishtheyalwayslate.

A.weren’t B.hadn’tbeen

C.wouldn’tbe D.wouldn’thavebeen

（）11.Ithroughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.

A.couldn’thavegone B.didn’tgo

C.wouldn’tgo D.hadn’tgone

（）12.MaybeifIscience,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.

A.studied B.wouldstudy C.hadstudied D.wasstudying

（）13.Teachersrecommendparentstheirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.

A.notallow B.donotallow C.mustn’tallow D.couldn’tallow

（）14.Ifhemyadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.

A.followed B.shouldfollow C.hadfollowed D.wouldfollow

（）15.―Johnwenttothehospitalalone.

―Ifhemeaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.

A.shouldtell B.tells C.told D.hadtold

（）16.―Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.

―Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!

Andmyvegetables.

A.wouldn’tdie B.didn’tdie

C.hadn’tdied D.wouldn’thavedied

（）17.HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy.

A.wouldhavebeensaved B.hadbeensaved

C.willbesaved D.wassaved

（）18.Ihavewatchedthatmovieit’llgivemehorribledreams.

A.shouldn’t B.needn’t C.couldn’t D.mustn’t

（）19.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhemoreonitsculture.

A.focus B.focused C.wouldfocus D.hadfocused

（）20.Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifitbreakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.

A.would B.should C.could D.might