高考英语专题复习阅读理解含答案100Word文件下载.docx

高考英语专题复习阅读理解含答案100Word文件下载.docx

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themanonthestreet"

didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventures（企业）wereimmediatefailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesiretochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.

（1）WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesnewspapersinAmericabeforethe1830s?

A. 

Academic. 

B. 

Unattractive. 

C. 

Inexpensive. 

D. 

Confidential.

（2）Whatdidstreetsalesmeantonewspapers?

Theywouldbepricedhigher. 

Theywoulddisappearfromcities.

Theycouldhavemorereaders. 

Theycouldregainpublictrust.

（3）Whowerethenewspapersofthenewtrendtargetedat?

Localpoliticians. 

Commonpeople. 

Youngpublishers. 

Richbusinessmen.

（4）Whatcanwesayaboutthebirthofthepennypaper?

Itwasadifficultprocess. 

Itwasatemporarysuccess.

Itwasarobberyofthepoor. 

Itwasadisasterforprinters.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了“便士报纸”的诞生历程。

（1）细节理解题。

将题干中的 

1830s定位在文章的第一段，根据theseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens 

和mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience可知，当时只有富人才能读报纸，而且大多数报纸中几乎没有能吸引大众的内容，让人感觉无聊。

由此可得出那时的报纸没有什么吸引力。

A 

. 

Academic学术的；

Unattractive没有吸引力， 

无魅力的；

Inexpensive廉价的，不贵的；

Confidential机密的，保密的。

故答案为B。

（2）推理判断题。

根据第二段提到“便士报纸”针对大众，很便宜的。

更重要的是，在街上可以买到报纸。

结合第三段中间的 

streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplaceineasterncities可知，报纸的街头销售随处可见。

由此可推断出，街头销售意味读报纸的多了。

故答案为C。

（3）细节理解题。

根据第二段中的referringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic可知，这种“便士报纸”是针对大众的，在街上可以买得到报纸。

所以这种报纸针对的是普通老百姓，故答案为B。

（4）推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的didnotbeginwell…immediatefailures…可知，“便士报纸”新趋势一开始并不好，一些早期的尝试立即失败了。

后来一些年轻而大胆的商人才推动了这件事。

由此可推断出“便士报纸”的诞生是一个困难而曲折的过程。

故答案为A。

【点评】这是一篇科普类的说明文，阅读时把握文章的主旨，然后快速浏览文章内容。

阅读问题时，确定问题中的关键词，然后在文章中准确定位，认真分析相关的语句即可得到答案。

2．阅读理解

Astudyshowedthattheexperienceschildrenhaveintheirfirstfewyearsareimportant.Theseexperiencesaffectthedevelopmentofthebrain.Whenchildrenreceivemoreattention,theyoftenhavehigherIQs.Babiesreceiveinformationwhentheysee,hearandfeelthings,whichmakesconnectionsbetweendifferentpartsofthebrain.Thereareahundredtrillion（万亿）connectionsinthebrainofathree-year-oldchild.

ResearcherJuditGervaintestedhowgoodnewbornsareatdistinguishingdifferentsoundpatterns.Herresearchersproducedimagesofthebrainsofbabiesastheyhearddifferentsoundpatterns.Forexample,oneorderwasmu-ba-ba.Thisisthepattern"

A-B-B"

.Anotherorderwasmu-ba-ge.Thisisthepattern“A-B-C”.Theimagesshowedthatthepartofthebrainresponsibleforspeechwasmoreactiveduringthe"

A-B-B"

pattern.Thisshowsthatbabiescantellthedifferencebetweendifferentpatterns.Theyalsoweresensitivetowhereitoccurredintheorder.

Gervainisexcitedbythesefindingsbecausetheorderofsoundsisthebuildingblockofwordsandgrammar."

Positioniskeytolanguage,"

shesays."

Ifsomethingisatthebeginningorattheend,itmakesabigdifference:

Johncaughtthebear.'

isverydifferentfrom'

ThebearcaughtJohn.'

”

ResearchersledbyscientistPatriciaKuhlhavefoundthatlanguagedeliveredbytelevisions,audiobooks,theInternet,orsmartphones－nomatterhoweducational－doesn'

tappeartobeenoughforchildren'

sbraindevelopment.Theycarriedoutastudyofnine-month-oldAmericanbabies.Theyexpectedthefirstgroupwho'

dwatchedvideosinChinesetoshowthesamekindoflearningasthesecondgroupwhowerebroughtface-to-facewiththesamesounds.Insteadtheyfoundahugedifference.ThebabiesinthesecondgroupwereabletodistinguishbetweensimilarChinesesoundsaswellasnativelisteners.Buttheotherbabies－regardlessofwhethertheyhadwatchedthevideoorlistenedtotheaudio－learnednothing.

（1）Whatmakesconnectionsinababy'

sbrain?

HavingahigherIQ. 

Experiencingnewinformation.

Thebaby'

earlyage. 

Theconnectionwithotherbabies.

（2）WhatdidJuditGervainandherteamfindintheexperiment?

Babiesidentifydifferentsoundpatterns.

Wordorderisrelevanttomeaning.

Babiescanwellunderstanddifferentwords.

Acertainbrainregionprocesseslanguage.

（3）WhatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninParagraph3?

Grammarisimportantinlearninglanguages.

Differentordershavedifferentmeanings.

Differentlanguageshavedifferentgrammar.

Wordshavedifferentsounds.

（4）WhatisthemainconclusionfromthestudyledbyPatriciaKuhl?

Babiesshouldn'

twatchalotoftelevision.

Listeningtodifferentlanguagesdevelopsbabies'

brain.

Foreignlanguageshelpbabies'

braindevelop.

Socialcommunicationimprovesbabies'

braindevelopment.

（2）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文章，介绍小孩最初几年的经历对大脑发育很重要，而媒介输入对孩子大脑发育效果不明显，最有效的是面对面语言输入。

根据第一段Babiesreceiveinformationwhentheysee,hearandfeelthings,whichmakesconnectionsbetweendifferentpartsofthebrain.可知，婴儿接收到不同信息，可以让大脑不同部分形成连接，故选B。

根据第二段Theimagesshowedthatthepartofthebrainresponsibleforspeechwasmoreactiveduringthe"

pattern.Thisshowsthatbabiescantellthedifferencebetweendifferentpatterns.可知，实验表明婴儿可以区别不同的声音模式，故选A。

（3）句意猜测题。

根据第三段"

'

Johncaughtthebear.'

”可知，有些东西放在句首和句尾，会有很大的不同，比如John抓住了熊，和熊抓住了John，意思是不一样的，可知本句意思为位置对于语言来说很重要的，顺序不同，意思不同，故选B。

根据最后一段ResearchersledbyscientistPatriciaKuhlhavefoundthatlanguagedeliveredbytelevisions,audiobooks,theInternet,orsmartphones－nomatterhoweducational－doesn'

sbraindevelopment.可知，通过电视、网络等媒介的语言教学，对于婴儿大脑发展是不够的，并且后面的实验表明，面对面的语言输入才有效，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和句意猜测三个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：

段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

AgreatnumberofspeciesmaketheirhomeinthevastwatersoftheAtlanticOcean.Althoughtheentireoceanmakesupanecosystem,manysmallerhabitatsarefoundwithin,includinganopen-waterhabitatoffthecoastoftheNorthernAtlanticOceanknownastheSargassoSea.Sargassumisanalga（海藻）thatfloatsinmassesthatcancontinueformiles.ThewatersoftheGulfStreampushthewaterinanorthwardmoveintothisarea.Thisconstantmoveandvaryingtemperaturesupporttheaccumulationofthebrown-coloredseaweed.

TheSargassoSeaissoenormousthatonemethodofinformationcollectionhasnotbeenenoughforscientiststoobtainanaccuratepictureofwhattakesplacewithinthisecosystem.Researchershaveneededtoemployseveralmethodsofsampling.Methodssuchasdraggingnetsoverthesurfaceofthewaterandvideotapingbeneathareasofsargassumhaveservedscientistswell.InformationcollectedhasshownthattheGulfStreampushesbrownalgaefromopenwaterintotheSargassoSeaarea,creatingadiversefloatinghabitatinanareathatwouldotherwisenotsupportthatwildlife.

InthemostrecentstudyofthesargassumcommunityofftheshoresofNorthCarolina,eighty-onefishspeciesweredocumentedasusingtheareaasamicrohabitat.Thisisanincreasefrompreviousstudies.Thetypesoffishfoundherearebothcommerciallyandenvironmentallyimportant.TheSouthAtlanticFisheryManagementCouncilisworkingtoregulatetheharvestingofsargassum.TheCouncilhopestohavetheareaclassifiedasanEssentialFishHabitat.Whichwouldafforditcertainprotections.

FurtherresearchneedstobedonebeforescientistsunderstandhowtobestprotecttheSargassoSeaaswellasunderstandhowitgoesaboutsupportingsomanyimportanttypesofwildlife.

（1）Theauthoruses"

enormous"

inparagraph2tostressthat 

.

theAtlanticOceanisreallyamazingintermsofitssizeandarea

whattheresearchersdoishighlyrespectedbyscientificcommunity

theresearchworkiscomplexbecausealargeareamustbecovered

alargeamountofmoneyfortheSargassoSearesearchis