最新 高考英语 阅读理解复习题含答案 6.docx

最新 高考英语 阅读理解复习题含答案 6.docx

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最新高考英语阅读理解复习题含答案6

最新高考英语阅读理解复习题（含答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   EngineersinUpstateNewYorkhaveinventedafoldedpaperdevicethatlookslikeadecoratedartproject.Butdon'tbefooled.Thisisactuallyapaper-basedbattery.No,itdoesn'tlooklikeanyofthosemetalbatteriesrunningflashlightsorsmartphones.Inthesesystems,thebatterycanbeprintedonapage.Thebattery'spowerconsistsoflivingbacteria.

   Paperelectronicsaresimpletomakeandinexpensive,notesstudyleaderSeokheunChoi,anengineeratBinghamtonUniversity.Theyneednoelectricaloutlettorecharge.Theyjustneedmorebacteria,whichcanbefoundeverywhere—includingdirtywater.

   "Mostbatteriesusechemicalstogenerateelectricity.Substitutingbacteriacanbeanadvantage,"Choisays."Theyarecheapandself-repairing."Whatpaper-basedbatterieswon'tdoisgeneratemuchpower.Theydo,howevercreateenoughtorunsmalldevicesinfarawayordangerousplaces—suchasabattlefield.Theymightalsofinduseinmedicine.Forinstance,theymightpowertinysensors,suchasthetypesusedtomeasurebloodsugar.

   Thisinventionisbasedonanobservationmademorethanacenturyago—thatmicrobes（微生物）produceelectricityastheydigestfood.Scientistsrefertothebio-batteriesbasedonthisprincipleasmicrobialfuelcells.Afuelcellgenerateselectricitylikearegularbattery.Butaregularbatterystopsproducingelectricitywhenitsinnerchemicalreactionsstop.Afuelcellusesfuelthatcanberefilled.Inthiscase,bacteriaserveasthefuel.Byrefillingmoremicrobes,asneeded,scientistscankeepthesefuelcellsrunning.

   Labtestshaveshownthatthenewbatterycanproduceacurrent.Now,Choiandhisteamarelookingatwaystoincreasethepower.They'restudyingdifferentshapesandmaterialsfortheanodeandcathode（正负极）.They'realsolookingforthebestwaystocombinebatteriesformorepower.Thebeautyofthepaperdevicesisthatyoucansimplyfoldthemtoconnectthem.Andtheysurelywillbeatrendinthenearfuture.

（1）Whatmakesthepaper-basedbatteriesdifferentfromotherbatteries?

A. Theyaremainlyusedtorunsmartphones.    

B. Theyusebacteriatogenerateelectricity.

C. Theyareusedtodecoratesmalldevices.       

D. Theytakeamuchshortertimetorecharge.

（2）Whatcanthepaper-basedbatteriesdo?

A. Powertinydevices.                                           

B. Lowerbloodsugarlevels.

C. Producemuchelectricity.                                

D. Changechemicalsinthepaper.

（3）Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

A. Theapplicationofthenewbattery.                B. Thecharacteristicsofthepaperbatteries.

C. Theintentiontoinventthedevice.                 D. Theworkingprincipleoftheinvention.

（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthedevelopmentofthepaper-basedbatteries?

A.Defensive.

B.Optimistic.

C.Doubtful.

D.Ambiguous.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纸基电池的原理，这种电池可以通过微生物进行充电，同时，该电池也可以运用在医学方面，如测试血糖等。

研发团队则在寻找能使该电池储存更多电量的方法。

该电池最大的优势是可以随时随地折叠起来带走。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"Theyneednoelectricaloutlettorecharge.Theyjustneedmorebacteria,whichcanbefoundeverywhere—includingdirtywater."这种电池是不需要外接发电设备进行充电的，只需要细菌就可以充电了，这是该电池与传统电池的不同之处。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的"Whatpaper-basedbatterieswon'tdoisgeneratemuchpower.Theydo,howevercreateenoughtorunsmalldevicesinfarawayordangerousplaces"纸基电池不会储存很多的电量，但这些电量还是能远程支持一些小型设备或运用在一些危险的地方，A项符合题意，故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。

根据第四段中的"Thisinventionisbasedonanobservationmademorethanacenturyago—thatmicrobes（微生物）produceelectricityastheydigestfood"，这项发明是基于百年前的一项观察，即微生物在消化食物的时候会产生电量。

因此，科学家们"Scientistsrefertothebio-batteriesbasedonthisprincipleasmicrobialfuelcells"根据这一原理将生物电池成为微生物燃料电池。

由此可知，第四段介绍了生物电池的工作原理，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"Thebeautyofthepaperdevicesisthatyoucansimplyfoldthemtoconnectthem"该电池的优点是，人们可以简单地通过折叠来连接它们。

作者用到beauty"优点"一词来说明该设备，说明作者对于该设备持一种积极的态度。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Itseemseverymajorcityandtownaroundtheworldhostsanannualmarathon,withthousandsofathletesrunningagruelling42.1kilometres.Whilemanyrunners'motivationistobeattheirpersonalbestandcrossthefinishinglinewithoutcollapsing,they'realsodoingitforagoodcause—togeneratefundsforcharity.Butlikeothermajorevents,themarathonalsogeneratesamassivecarbonfootprint.Thousandstravel—somebyplane—tothelocation,andwastefromfoodpackagingandgoodybagsgetsleftbehindbyspectatorsandrunners.Thisisbecomingabigissueforcities—howtohostaworthwhileevent,encouragingpeopletoexerciseandhelpcharities,whileprotectingtheenvironment?

Severalcitieshavedevelopedformalplanstoreducetheirenvironmentalimpactandpromotesustainable（可持续的）ideas.OneeventinWales,forexample,introducedrecyclingforoldrunningkit.

   It'ssomethingthatthisyear'sLondonMarathontriedtotacklebyreducingthenumberofdrinkstationsontherunningroute,givingoutwaterinpapercupsandofferingsomedrinksineatableseaweedcapsules.Theyalsotriallednewbottlebeltsmadefromrecycledplasticso700runnerscouldcarrywaterbottleswiththemduringtheirrun.LondonMarathoneventdirectorHughBrasnertoldtheBBC:

"Therearealotofinitiatives（倡议）weareusingthisyearthatwethinkwillleadtosomehugebehaviouralchangesinthefuture."

   Meanwhile,somepeoplestillthinkrunningamarathoncouldbeourbestfootforwardinhelpingtheplanet.DrAndreaCollinsfromCardiffUniversitytoldtheBBC:

"Trainingforamarathonmakesyoumoresustainableinday-to-dayactivities.Istartedwalkingorrunningtoworkeverydayandshunningpublictransportaltogether.Beingenvironmentallyfriendlywhiletrainingstickswithyouandbecomesawayoflife."

（1）Whydomanypeopleenterforamarathon?

A. Toachievetheirownambitions.

B. Togenerateamassivecarbonfootprint.

C. Toimprovethemselvesbothphysicallyandmentally.

D. Tochallengetheirpersonallimitationsandraisemoneyforcharities.

（2）WhatdidHughBrasnerthinkofthisyear'sLondonMarathon?

A. ItmaybringalargeprofittoLondon.

B. Itsavedalotofwaterresourcesandpower.

C. Itmayimprovepeople'sbehaviourinthefuture.

D. ItmaymakeLondonersmorefriendlywhenrunningamarathon.

（3）Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"shunning"inthelastparagraph?

A. Damaging.                       

B. Avoiding.                       

C. Choosing.                       

D. Changing.

（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Runningamarathoncanmakemoremoney.

B.Runningamarathoncandogreatdamagetotheearth.

C.Runningamarathoncanchangepeople'slifecompletely.

D.Runningamarathoncancontributetoprotectingtheearth.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，现如今，许多城市和乡镇都举办了马拉松比赛，马拉松旨在为一些公益活动募集资金，但马拉松的举办也为城市带来了环境问题。

有一些城市已经采取了一些措施，来保证马拉松比赛的可持续性发展，如减少马拉松赛程中的供水站，以水囊的形式代替等等。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的"manyrunners'motivationistobeattheirpersonalbestandcrossthefinishinglinewithoutcollapsing,they'realsodoingitforagoodcause—togeneratefundsforcharity"许多参赛的动机是打破他们的个人最好记录，同时还为了一个非常好的目的，就是为了慈善机构募款。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的"Therearealotofinitiatives（倡议）weareusingthisyearthatwethinkwillleadtosomehugebehaviouralchangesinthefuture.“HughBrasner认为，在这几年马拉松比赛中使用的一些环保倡议会引起将来一些行为上的巨大改变，故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据最后一段中的"Trainingforamarathonmakesyoumoresustainableinday-to-dayactivities.Istartedwalkingorrunningtoworkeveryday"为马拉松做出的训练可以使人能够更加适应每天的日常活动，DrAndreaCollins也开始每天走路或跑步上下班，这样的通勤方式可以避免交通拥堵，因此可以用avoid代替shun，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"runningamarathoncouldbeourbestfootforwardinhelpingtheplanet"跑马拉松是在用个人的力量帮助这个星球，以及"Beingenvironmentallyfriendlywhiletrainingstickswithyouandbecomesawayoflife."这样做既能运动同时对环境也有帮助，成为新兴的生活方式，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.

   TheresultsshowthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914,Dutchmenhaverisenfrom12thplacetoclaimtopspotwithanaverageheightof182.5cm.Latvianwomen,meanwhile,rosefrom28thplacein1914tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater,withanaverageheightof169.8cm.

   JamesBentham,aco-authoroftheresearchfromImperialCollege,London,saystheglobaltrendislikelytobeduetoimprovementsinnutritionandhealthcare."Anindividual'sgeneticshasabiginfluenceontheirheight,butonceyouaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplaysalesskeyrole,"headded.

   Alittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantages,saysElioRiboliofImperialCollege."Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy,"hesaid."Thisislargelyduetoalowerriskofdyingofcardiovascular（心血管的）diseaseamongtallerpeople."

   Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanyAfricancountriescausesconcern,saysRiboli.WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedinrecentyears,withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.

   "Onereasonforthesedecreasesinheightistheeconomicsituationinthe1980s,"saidAlexanderMoradioftheUniversityofSussex.Thenutritionalandhealthcrisesthatfollowedthepolicyofstructuraladjustment,hesays,ledtomanychildrenandteenagersfailingtoreachtheirfullpotential