高考英语七选五阅读解题技巧讲解.docx
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高考英语七选五阅读解题技巧讲解
年份
素材话题
体裁
题型分布
标题
段首
段中
段尾
2013
商务以及商务管理的定义
说明文
0
0
3
2
2014
如何帮助孩子为未来职业做准备
说明文
0
1
4
0
2015
重建人际关系中的信任的意义与措施
说明文
2
0
3
0
2016
（一模）
如何通过度假来释放工作的压力
说明文
0
1
4
0
2016
（二模）
独处并不代表孤独
说明文
0
1
4
0
什么是说明文？
说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁。
它通过对实体事物科学地解说，对客观事物做出说明或对抽象事理的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能、关系或对事理的概念、特点、来源、演变、异同等能有科学的认识，从而获得有关的知识。
说明文的中心鲜明突出，文章具有科学性，条理性，语言确切生动。
它通过揭示概念来说明事物特征、本质及其规律性。
说明文一般介绍事物的形状、构造、类别、关系、功能，解释事物的原理、含义、特点、演变等。
说明文实用性很强，它包括广告、说明书、提要、提示、规则、章程、解说词等。
说明文有的是以时间为序，有的是以空间为序；有的由现象写到本质，有的由主写到次；有的按工艺流程顺序来说明，有的按事物的性质、功用、原理等顺序来说明。
常见的说明方法有举例子、分类别、作比较、列数字、下定义、作诠释、打比方、摹状貌、引用、画图表（作图表）等。
（源自百度百科）
一．根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略
1）空格为标题
标题的特点就是短小精悍，且多为名词性短语或祈使句
（2015年全国卷I）
Unfortunately,we’veallbeenvictimsofbetrayal.Whetherwe’vebeenstolenfrom,liedto,misled,orcheatedon,therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycan’ttrustanymore,37.It’sunderstandable,butifyou’rewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain,wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere.
●38Havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwell-being.
●39Ifyou’vebeenbetrayed,youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.Butthere’sadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha“victimmentality”.Atsomepointinallofourlives,we’llhaveourtrusttestedorviolated.
A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.
B.Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.
C.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.
D.Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.
E.Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn’tmeanyou’reignoringwhathappened.
F.Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.
G.They’vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan’tbeartoletithappenagain.
2）空格出现在段首
通常是段落主题句。
认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。
关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。
（2014年全国卷I）
4.SelfExpression
40therearemanywaystoexpressthoughtsandideas–music,acting,drawing,building,photography.Youmayfindthatyourchildisattractedbyonemorethananother.
A.Encouragekidstocookwithyou.
B.Andwecan’tforgetscienceeducation.
C.Wecangivekidschancestothinkaboutmaterialsinnewways.
D.Sohowcanwehelpourkidsprepareforjobsthatdon’tyetexist?
E.Gardeningisanothergreatactivityforhelpingkidsdevelopthisskill.
F.Wecandothisinreallifeoraskquestionsaboutcharactersinstories.
G.Beingabletocommunicateideasinameaningfulwayisavaluableskill.
3）空格出现在段中
这时要根据空格前后的句子意思、备选选项的句子意思以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定答案。
（2016广州二模）
AloneButNotLonely
Weoftenfilllonelinesswithalltypesofunsatisfyingactivities.YoungpeoplewouldratherspendaFridaynightoutwithstrangers，thanspendthenightalone.They’relookingforawaytokilltimewhiletheyawaittruefriendship.Thenthereareyoungadultsingangswheretheydon’treallyliketheircompanions.39Whydoesbeingalonescareus?
Donotbeafraidofsilence. 40Itteachesyouhowtotrulylisten.Itteachesyoutopayattentiontowhat’sgoingoninsideofyou.Onlywhenwearealonecanwehavethespaceandpeaceweneedtothinkwithoutbeingoutwardlyinfluenced.Itthereforebecomeseasiertomakeimportantdecisionsaswellastoreflectonhowwearefeeling.
A．Lonelinessisthereforeafeelingthatcanbeexperiencedwhetherornotoneisphysicallyalone.
B．Theywouldratherfeelacceptedonashallowlevelthanriskfeelingalone.
C．Theproblemoflonelinesscanbeeasilysolvedinamodemworld.
D．But,whendoingso,themainthingwearetryingtoavoidisloneliness.
E．Inthecountry,peoplearequietbutfewarelonely.
F．Itcanprovideyouwithamazingbenefits.
G．Itguidesyouthroughhardships.
4）空格出现在段尾
通常是结论、概括性语句。
注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
Wheneverorhoweveryoutakenotes,keepinmindthatnote-takingisaselectiveprocess.18．
A.Usewords,notcompletesentences.
B.Therearethreepracticalnote-takingmethods.
C.Youmustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper.
D.Otherwise,youmaynotbeabletoreadyournoteslater.
E.youwillalsowanttodevelopyourownmethodfortakingnotes.
F.Thatmeansyoumustfirstdecidewhatisimportantenoughtoincludeinyournotes.
G.First,thesimpleactofwritingsomethingdownmakesiteasierforyoutounderstandandrememberit.
二．根据不同的衔接手段确定解题策略
词汇连接
1. 代词
英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
例1
Homeworkisanimportantpartofastudent’seducation.19.Theyworrythatalighterhomeworkloadwillputkidsatadisadvantage.
A.Ifso,thinkagain.
B.Thereareanumberofkidswhohavenohomework.
C.Thesenumbershaveremainedthesamesince1984.
D.Teachersgivetworeasonsforassigningalotofhomework.
E.Itisstillanincreaseintheamountoftimespentonhomework.
F.Someteachersarguethathomeworkprepareskidsforstatetestsandforcollege.
G.Forexample,athird-gradershouldhave30minutesofhomework,afifth-grader50minutes,andsoon.
2. 同义词/近义词
英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。
例2
Don’twaitforanapology.Manytimesthepersonwhohurtyoudoesnotintendtoapologize.Theymayhavewantedtohurtyouortheyjustdon’tseethingsthesameway.18Keepinmindthatforgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanbecomingfriendsagainwiththepersonwhoupsetyou.
A.Whyshouldyouforgive?
B.Howshouldyoustarttoforgive?
C.Recognizethebenefitsofforgiveness.
D.Trytoseethingsfromyouoffender’sangle.
E.Forsomepeople,forgivingthemselvesisthebiggestchallenge.
F.Tomakeyourangerdieaway,tryasimplestress-managementtechnique.
G.Ifyouwaitforpeopletoapologize,youcouldbewaitinganawfullylongtime.
3. 上下义词/同一范畴词
所谓上下义词就是指前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。
如apple和orange之间则同一范畴的关系，都属于fruit。
利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。
例3
18Let'stakejamasanexample.Somestrawberry-flavoredjamwaslabeledascontainingnoartificialcolors,flavors,orsweeteners,butitcontainedabsolutelynostrawberriesatall.
A.Theproductswhichcontainrealfruitarepopularwithpeople．
B.Evenproductsadvertisedasmorenaturaloftencontainednofruit．
C.Theyfoundthatabout60percentofthemdidn’tcontainanyfruitatall．
D.Ifcompaniescancuttheircostsbyusingflavoring,theyarelikelytodoso．
E.Itisimportantandnecessarytodemandasmallamountofflavoringintheproducts．
F.Actuallytheproductcontainsjustatinypercentageofstrawberryorevennofruitatall．
G.TheFoodCommissionsuggestedallflavorsusedinaproductshouldbelistedonthepackaging.
4）数字线索
包括具体数字以及和数字相关的词汇诸如numbers, rate等等。
作者列出数字，除了和其他数字进行对比和比较之外，还可以用数据来说明一个观点。
例4
Researchersanalyzedthecontentsof28strawberry-flavoredproductssoldinstores.17Ofthe11productsthatdidcontainstrawberries,fiveofthemcontainedlessthanonepercentrealfruit．
A.Theproductswhichcontainrealfruitarepopularwithpeople．
B.Evenproductsadvertisedasmorenaturaloftencontainednofruit．
C.Theyfoundthatabout60percentofthemdidn’tcontainanyfruitatall．
D.Ifcompaniescancuttheircostsbyusingflavoring,theyarelikelytodoso．
E.Itisimportantandnecessarytodemandasmallamountofflavoringintheproducts．
F.Actuallytheproductcontainsjustatinypercentageofstrawberryorevennofruitatall．
G.TheFoodCommissionsuggestedallflavorsusedinaproductshouldbelistedonthepackaging.
.逻辑衔接
1. 并列与递进关系
标志词：
and,or,also,neither…nor…,either…or…,likewise,similarly,equally,inthesameway等
例1
TiredofficeworkerssuddenlyhavemoreenergywhentheyhearthepleasantsoundofMuzakinthebackground.19Supermarketshoppersbuy38percentmoregroceries.
A.Somepeopledon‘tlikeMuzak.
B.Themusicgivesthemextraenergy.
C.Musicisplayinginthebackground.
D.Factoryworkersproduce13percentmore.
E.Muzaktendstohelppeopleunderstandmusicbetter.
F.Theygetasmuchas$4millionayeariftheirsongsareused.G.Muzakisplayedinmostofthebigsupermarketsintheworld.
2. 转折让步关系
标志词：
but,however,onthecontrary,bycontrast,ontheotherhand,unfortunately,while,whereas,unlike,ratherthan,insteadof等
例2
Mostbusinessesseektomakeaprofit—thatis,theyaimtoachieveincomethatismorethanthecostsofoperatingthebusiness.16.Commonlycallednonprofits,theseorganizationsareprimarilynongovernmentalserviceproviders.
A.Controlincludestheuseofrecordsandreportstocompareactualworkwiththesetstandardsforwork.
B.Inthisconnectionthereisthedifferencebetweentopmanagementandoperativemanagement.
C.Examplesofnonprofitbusinessincludesuchorganizationsassocialserviceagenciesandmayhospitals.
D.However,somebusinessesonlyseektoearnenoughtocovertheiroperatingcosts.
E.Thesecondaspectrelatestotheapplicationofthesepoliciesbydepartments.
F.Inthetheoryofbusinessmanagement,organizationhastwomainaspects.
G.Planninginbusinessmanagementhasthreemainaspects
3. 因果关系
前后句的逻辑是因果关系，常见的逻辑表达有：
because, for, since, as, consequently, be due to, forthisreason 等。
例3
Nothingcanhurtconfidencemorethanbeingtoldthatyouaren'tdoingwell.17,sogoodpublicspeakingtrainingshoulddevelopthoseinsteadoftellingyouwhatyoushouldn'tdo.
A.Youaren'tlikeanybodyelse
B.Youalreadydolotsofthingswell
C.Turnyourbackontooma
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