动词不规则变化形容词副词.doc

动词不规则变化形容词副词.doc

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不规则动词过去式过去分词巧记表

AAA型过去式、过去分词与原形一致

cutcutcut切、割shutshutshut关、闭（门窗）putputput放置

letletlet让setsetset设置hithithit撞击hurthurthurt受伤；疼痛

costcostcost值…钱；花费read[ri:

d]read[red]read[red]朗读；阅读

AAB型过去式与原形一致

beatbeatbeaten击败

ABA型过去分词与原形一致

runranrun跑步；逃跑comecamecome来becomebecamebecome变得；成为

ABB型过去式与过去分词一致

buyboughtbought买fightfoughtfought打架；打仗thinkthoughtthought想；认为

seeksoughtsought寻找；探究bringbroughtbrought带来lendlentlent借出

catchcaughtcaught抓住；接住teachtaughttaught教；教书sendsentsent送；派遣

spendspentspent花费（时间、金钱）buildbuiltbuilt建设；建立leaveleftleft离开

feelfeltfelt感觉；摸起来keepkeptkept保持保留sleepsleptslept睡觉

oversleepoversleptoverslept睡过头sweepsweptswept打扫

mean[mi:

n]meant[ment]meant[ment]意思是learnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learned学会

burnburnt/burnedburnt/burned燃烧；烧伤hearheardheard听见

leadledled领导；致使feedfedfed喂养；喂食fleefledfled逃跑

meetmetmet遇见；碰到shootshotshot射击lightlit/lightedlit/lighted点燃

getgotgot获得；得到winwonwon获胜；赢得sitsatsat坐下

digdugdug挖掘stickstuckstuck刺；戳hanghunghung悬挂

hanghangedhanged绞死sellsoldsold出售telltoldtold告诉

smellsmeltsmelt闻；嗅spellspeltspelt拼写holdheldheld拿着；握住

findfoundfound找到；发现standstoodstood站立laylaidlaid下蛋，放置

understandunderstoodunderstood理解paypaidpaid付款have/hashadhad有

say[sei]said[sed]said[sed]说makemademade制作loselostlost丢失

shineshone/shinedshone/shined照耀strikestruckstruck敲击，罢工

ABC型原形、过去式、过去分词不一致

beginbeganbegun开始drinkdrankdrunk喝；饮ringrangrung铃（响）；打电话

singsangsung唱歌sinksanksunk下沉swimswamswum游泳

blowblewblown吹；刮风flyflewflown飞；放风筝knowknewknown知道；懂得

growgrewgrown种植；生长throwthrewthrown扔；投drawdrewdrawn绘画

showshowedshown出示；给…看breakbrokebroken打破不服从stealstolestolen偷

speakspokespoken说话choosechosechosen选择freezefrozefrozen冻结

wakewokewoke/woken醒来；唤醒forgetforgotforgotten忘记taketooktaken拿走

mistakemistookmistaken错拿shakeshookshaken摇动；握（手）eatateeaten吃

fallfellfallen落下；摔倒riseroserisen上升；上涨drivedrovedriven[drivn]驾驶

givegavegiven给forgiveforgaveforgiven原谅seesawseen看见

rideroderidden骑（车、马）hidehidhidden躲藏bitebitbitten咬

forbidforbadeforbidden禁止；不许writewrotewritten书写bearboreborn忍受

teartoretorn撕破wearworeworn穿、戴（衣帽等）am/iswasbeen是

arewerebeen是do/doesdiddone做gowentgone去lielaylain躺；卧

注意：

以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，

如：

stoppedbeggeddraggeddroppedplanned

以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母

1.regret（regretted,regretting）后悔2.control（controlled,controlling）控制

3.admit（admitted,admitting）承认4.occur（occurred,occurring）出现

5.prefer（preferred,preferring）宁愿6.refer（referred,referring）提到

7.forget（forgetting）忘记8.permit（permitted,permitting）允许

9.equip（equipped,equipping）装备

注意：

quarrel,signal,travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语）

形容词变副词规则

形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀：

一般直接加ly，“元e”去e加，“辅y”改i加，“le”结尾e改y。

分别举例如下：

quick-quickly;true-truly;happy-happily;possible-possibly

 具体规则如下：

1.一般情况下直接加“ly”，如：

extreme-extremely;polite-politely;sad-sadly;imediate-immediately

 2.少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。

如：

true-truly

绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。

如：

polite-politely;wide-widely;wise-wisely;nice-nicely

 3.以“y”结尾的，且读音为/i/，先将“y”改成“i”，再加“ly”，如：

happy-happily;heavy-heavily;angry-angrily;busy-busily

但是如果读音为/ai/，直接加ly，如：

dry-dryly;sly-slyly;shy---shyly

4.以ic结尾的词，加ally，如：

economic-economically;basic-basically;scientific-scientifically;automatic-automatically;energetic-energetically; 但是public-publicly例外。

5.以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y，如：

simple-simply; considerable-considerably;terrible-terribly;gentle-gently;possible-possibly;probable-probably;incredible-incredibly

元音字母加le时加ly，如：

sole-solely。

但是whole-wholly例外。

6.以-ll结尾时，只须加–y，如：

dull-dully

需注意:

 有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。

如：

friendlypeople;motherlycare;lovelydog;monthlyexam;heavenlypeace

高考常见词词形变换

后缀---名词

1.abilitypossibilityresponsibilityreality

2.privacydiscoveryinjuryapology

3.marriageshortage

4.arrivalsurvivalrefusal

5.musicianmagicianelectrician

6.assistanceappearanceperformanceguidanceimportance

7.absencedifferenceconfidencepatienceindependenceintelligenceconveniencesilence

8.beggarliar

actorvisitorinventorsailor

interviewer/intervieweetrainer/traineeemployer/employee

touristbiologistpianistartist

9.graduationimaginationpreparationseparationcommunicationpollutioninvitationcreationintroductionimpressiondiscussionexpressionpronunciationexplanationrecognitionsolution

10.freedomwisdom

11.childhoodadulthood

12.honestysafetysimilaritydifficultypovertycuriosityloyaltyanxiety

13.sufferinghearingwarning

14.achievementamusementadvertisementagreementastonishmentexcitementimprovementannouncementargumentjudg（e）ment

15.kindnesscarelessnesshappinesssadness

16.deathgrowthhealthwealthyouthstrengthlength

17.failuremixturepleasurepressure

后缀---形容词

1.comfortablefashionablereliableunbelievableaccessibleenjoyableunforgettable

2.naturalculturalmedicalmusicalsocialracialofficialbeneficialenvironmentaltraditionaloccasionaloriginalprofessional

3.scientificbasicenergetic

4.giftedtalentedunexpecteddisabled

5.rainysunnywealthyhealthy

6.cheerfulsuccessfulthankfulcarefulpowerfulhopefulmeaningfulharmfuluseful

7.creativeimpressiveattractive

8.poisonousanxiousdangeroushumorous

前缀---变否定

9.dis-dishonestdislikedisagreedisadvantagediscouragedisappear

10.il-/in-/im-/ir-impoliteimpossibleinconvenientindependent

indirectirresponsibleillegal

11.un-unableuncertainunconsciousunnecessaryunbelievableuncomfortable

unfortunatelyunfriendlyunemployment

12.mis-misfortunemisunderstandmislead