发动机原理English吴建军Word格式文档下载.docx

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发动机原理English吴建军Word格式文档下载.docx

(Ptincreaseswithincreasingofpa、、、、kandt.)

[3]realcycle实际循环

1、intake(induct)stroke2、compressionstroke

3、power(combustion)stroke4、exhauststroke

[4]Whichlossesexistedinrealcyclecomparedwithidealcycle?

explaineverylossandtheformingreason.(实际循环与理想循环相比,存在的损失及其形成原因。

1)Heattransfer.Heattransferfromunburnedmixturetothecylinderwalls.Thepressureattheendofcombustionintherealcyclewillbelower.

2)Finitecombustiontime.Finitetimerequiredtoburnthecharge.Thepeakpressureintheengineisbelowtheidealcyclepeakpressurevalue.

3)Incompletebustionofthecylinderchargeisincomplete;

theexhaustgasescontaincombustiblespecies.

4)Exhaustblowdownloss.Thegaspressureattheendofexpansionstrokeisreduced.

5)Creviceeffectsandleakage.Theseeffectsreducethecylinderpressure.

6)Pumpingloss.Theworkisusedtoovercometheresistanceininletandexhaustpassages.

[5]enginesindicatedparametersa(发动机指示指标及作用?

和类容)

1>

概念及作用:

.Indicatedparameters:

Theparametersarecalculatedonbasisoftheworkdonebyworkingfluidtopistons.itiswidelyusedtoevaluatetheconversionefficiencyofheatintopowerpercycleandiswidelyusedinengineresearchfield.

2>

内容

1、IndicatedworkpercycleWi(循环指示功)

2、Indicatedmeaneffectivepressure(imep)Pmi(平均指示压力)

3、IndicatedpowerPi(指示功率)

Pi(kw)=[Pmi(Mpa)*Vs(L)*n(r/min)*i]/[30*tao](i为汽缸数,tao为冲程数)

4、Indicatedefficiencyηi(指示热效率)

5、Indicatedspecificfuelconsumptionbi(指示油耗率)

指示热效率与指示油耗率的关系

[6]enginebrakeparameters(何谓发动机有效指标及作用)

概念:

Enginebrakeparametersarebasedonenginecrankshaftoutputwork.Itisusedtoevaluateeconomicanddynamicperformanceofanengine。

内容:

1.BraketorqueTtqandpowerPe(有效转矩和有效功率)

2.BrakeworkWeandbrakemeaneffectivepressurePme(有效功和平均压力)

We=Wi-WmWi---指示功;

Wm---机械损失功

3.Brake(thermal)efficiencyηe(有效热效率)

4.Brakespecificfuelconsumption(bsfc)be(有效油耗率)

热效率有油耗率的关系

5.EnginespecificpowerPL(升功率)

 

[7]enginemechanicalefficiency(机械效率)

定义:

Theratioofthebrake(oruseful)powerdeliveredbytheenginetotheindicatedpoweriscalledthemechanicalefficiencyηm:

.

影响因素:

Thefactsthatinfluenceitare:

thepeakcombustionpressuresincylinder,enginespeedorpistonmeanspeed,engineloads,thecharacteristicoflubricationandtemperatureofcoolingwater,andtheconditionsofengineruns.

第二章发动机的换气

[1]gasexchangeprocessesoffour-strokeengine.(四冲程发动机换气过程)

Thegasexchangeprocessofanengineconsistsofthedurationfromopeningtheexhaustvalvetoclosingtheinletvalve.itcanbadividedintofourphases

1.blowdown自由排气2.displacement强制排气

3.inductionprocess进气行程4.valveoverlapandscavenging气门重叠与扫气

[2]volumecoefficientv充量系数(容积效率)重点

Volumeefficiencyisameasureoftheeffectivenessoftheinductionandexhaustprocesswhichisdefinedasthemassoffreshmixturewhichpassesintothecylinderinonesuctionstroke,dividedbythemassofthismixturewhichwouldfillthepistondisplacementatinletdensity.

.

提高充量系数Inaqualitativeanalysis,volumetricefficiencyȠvincreaseswith:

1)increasingmixturepressureattheendofintakestrokepa;

(影响最大)

2)suitablevalveparametersξandφ;

3)increasingcompressionratioɛ;

4)decreasingmixturetemperatureattheendofintakestrokeTa;

5)reducingresidualcoefficientγ.必考内容(可能是大题)

[3]effectofoperatingconditionsanddesignonvolumetricefficiency

1.InletMatchindex进气马赫数

Theratioofthetypicalvelocitytotheinletsonicvelocity,u/α,iscalledtheinletMachindex.Whenitexceeds0.55,volumetricefficiencydropsgreatly.

2.Effectofintakesystemfriction进气摩擦力

3.Effectofinhaledchargeheating受热程度

4.Effectofspeedandvalvetiming速度与气门正时

5.Effectofintakerunnerlength进气管的长度

第四章燃烧与化学

[1]physicalandchemicalpropertiesofpetrolanddieselfuels?

汽油及柴油的重要理化指标

Characteristicofpetrolorgasline.汽油

1)Antiknockperformance抗爆性

Itisusedtoresiststhetendencytoproducedetonationandthisproperty.

表示:

Theoctanenumber(辛烷值)ofafuelisameasureofitsanti-knockperformance.2)Volatility挥发性

标号markthenumber:

actanenumber

Characteristicofdieselfuel.柴油

1)cetanenumber十六烷值

thisindicateshowreadilythefuelself-ignites.(自燃性)

2)volatility挥发性3)viscosity粘度

solidifyingtemperature(凝点)

[2]somealternativefuels.代用燃料。

Alcohol醇类Methanol甲醇Ethanol乙醇Hydrogen氢气

Naturalgas天然气Compressednaturalgas(CNG)压缩天然气

Liquefiedpetroleumgas(LPG)液化石油气

本节重点

[3]Pleaseexplainthedefinitionofaccessaircoefficient,air-fuelratio.

试述过量空气系数、空燃比的定义。

空燃比:

Air-fuelratio(AFR)istheratiobetweenthemassofairandthemassofduelinthefuel-airmixatanygivenmoment.

Accessaircoefficientλistherelativeair/fuelratio.

Itequalstotheratiooftheactualair/fuelratio(AFR)tothestoichiometric/[stɔɪkɪ'

metrɪk]/(化学计量的,理想匹配的)ratio.

第五章柴油机的燃烧

[1]WhatarethefactsthatsatisfactoryoperationofCIenginedependson?

Howtoevaluateanidealcombustionsystem?

柴油机理想工作的决定因素,如何评价?

决定因素:

Dependsonpropercontroloftheairmotionandfuelinjection.

评价:

Thisidealcombustionsystemshouldhaveahighoutput(bemp压力),highefficiency,rapidcombustion,acleanexhaustandbesilent.

[2]HowtorealizefuelinjectioninCIengine?

Whichdemandsarethereinthecourseoffuelsprayandatomization?

柴油机如何实现燃油喷射?

燃油雾化有哪些要求?

Neartheendofthecompressionstroke,liquidfuelisinjectedatveryhighvelocity(速度)asoneormorejetsthroughsmallnozzles(喷嘴)ininjector(喷射器)tip(尖端),atomizes(雾化)intosmalldrops(滴)intothecombustionchamber.

Therearetwodemands(雾化要求):

Thedistribution(分布)offuelspray(喷雾器)trajectory(轨道)throughoutthecombustionchamber.Atomization(雾化)oftheliquidfuelintoalargenumberofsmalldrops.Theyarenecessarytocreatealargesurfaceareaacrosswhichliquidfuelcanevaporate(蒸发).

[3]AnalyzefourstagesofCIenginecombustionprocesses.分析柴油机燃烧过程的四个阶段。

(本章重点)

(i)Ignitiondelay,AB.滞燃期(开始喷油到离开理论压缩曲线)

(ii)Rapidoruncontrolledcombustion,BC.速燃期(到最高压力点)

(iii)Controlledcombustion,CD.缓燃期(最高压力点到最高温度点)

(iv)Finalcombustion,DE.后燃期(直至燃料耗尽)

[4]definitionofdelayperiodofCIenginecombustion?

Whichfactsinfluenceit?

柴油机燃烧过程滞燃期定义是什么?

滞燃期的影响因素有哪些?

(一定得背下)

thedelayperiodiscountedfromthestartofinjectiontothepointwherethep-φcompressioncurvedepartsfromaircompression(ornoignition)curve.

影响:

Theeffectsoffactorsondelayperiod:

1)Fuelproperties(属性)2)Intaketemperature3)Compressionratio

4)Enginespeed5)Typesofcombustionchamber6)Injectoradvance

[5]EnginesofIndirectinjection(IDI)chambers非直喷式anddirectinjection(IDI)chambers直喷式柴油机

第六章汽油机的燃烧

[1]Brieflyexplainthecompositionofelectricpetrolinjectionsystemandmainfunctionsofeachpart.简述电控汽油喷射系统的组成和各部分的主要功用。

组成:

Theelectricpetrolinjectionsystemcanbedividedintothreeparts:

airinductionsystem,fueldeliverysystem,andtheelectroniccontrolsystem

功用:

1)Airinductionsystem:

Whenthethrottlevalveisopened,airflowsthroughtheaircleaner,throughtheairflowmeter,pastthethrottlevalve,andthroughawelltunedintakemanifoldrunnertotheintakevalve.

2)Fueldeliverysystem:

Fuelisdeliveredfromtanktotheinjectorbymeansofanelectricfuelpump.Fuelismaintainedataconstantpressurebymeansofafuelpressureregulator.Andanyfuelwhichisnotdeliveredtotheintakemanifoldbytheinjectorisreturnedtothetankthroughafuelreturnpipe.

3)Electroniccontrolsystem:

TheECUdeterminespreciselyhowmuchfuelneedstobedeliveredbytheinjectorbymonitoringtheenginesensors.TheECUturnstheinjectorsonforapreciseamountoftime,referredtoasinjectionpulsewidthorinjectionduration,todelivertheproperair-fuelratiototheengine.

[2]maincharacteristicsofeverystagesofSIenginenormalcombustionprocesses汽油机正常燃烧的三个阶段

1.Delayperiod.(点火延迟期)

2.Secondstage.(速燃期)

3.Thefinalstage.(后燃期)

[3]thefactorswhichaffectingnormalcombustioninSIengineare(影响正常燃烧):

1.inductionpressure2.enginespeed3.ignitiontime

4.mixturestrengthpressionratio

[4]WhatisthedefinitionofdelayperiodofSIenginecombustionprocess?

Whichfactsinfluenceit?

汽油机燃烧过程滞燃期的定义?

汽油机滞燃期的影响因素?

DelayperiodofSIengineisthefirststageinwhichgrowthanddevelopmentofaselfpropagatingnucleusofflametakesplace.

Thedurationofdelayperioddependsonthefollowingfacts:

1)Fuel.2)Mixtureratio.3)Initial(初始的)temperatureandpressure.4)Turbulence.

[5]describetheinfluentfactsofflamepropagationspeedinSIengine.试述汽油机火焰传播速度的影响因素。

1)turbulence(湍流)2)fuel/airratio3)temperatureandpressure

4)compressionratio5)enginespeed.

[6]Whatissurfaceignition?

何谓汽油表面点火?

Surfaceignitionisignitionofthefuel/airmixturebyahotspotonthecombustionchamberwalls(名词解释题).

[7]Whatisthegasolineengineknock?

Whatisthemechanismofknock?

Howtoavoidithappeninengine?

什么叫汽油机爆燃?

爆燃的机理是什么?

有哪些影响因素?

如何避免发动机出现爆燃?

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